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应用海藻酸钠作为表面活性层材料,以戊二醛为交联剂,以聚砜超滤膜为支撑层,制备了1种新型荷负电纳滤膜。研究了复合纳滤膜的制备影响因素及操作条件对膜性能的影响,结果表明当海藻酸钠的浓度为2.0%,戊二醛溶液的浓度为0.9%,30℃下交联4 h条件下制备的复合膜的膜性能(截留率)最好。实验结果表明:对1 000 mg.L-1的Na2SO4,MgSO4,NaCl和MgCl2盐溶液的截留率分别为87.2%,21.5%,32.0%,12.2%,通量依次为30.6,35.2,33.5,22.4 L.h-1.m-2。 相似文献
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一种新型羧甲基甲壳素/聚丙烯腈复合纳滤膜的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
羧甲基甲壳素(CM-CH)溶液浇铸在聚丙烯腈超滤膜上,并与环氧氯丙烷(ECH)交联制得1种新型的复合纳滤膜,研究了复合膜的制备影响因素及操作条件对膜的性能的影响,结果表明:当羧甲基甲壳素的浓度为2.0%,环氧氯丙烷的浓度为2.5%,60℃下交联24.0h,然后50℃下热处理10min条件下制备的复合纳滤膜的截盐效果最好。表征结果表明:对聚乙二醇的截留分子量为550Da,孔径在(6.6~7.8)×10-10m之间,离子交换容量为2.94mmol·cm-2,静电位为-0.20mV。对1000mg·L-1的K2SO4,Na2SO4,MgSO4,KCl,NaCl,MgCl2和CaCl2溶液的截盐率分别为93.33%,91.00%,42.61%,36.10%,44.00%,9.26%和14.21%。研究表明,复合膜对不同盐的截留行为主要决定于荷电膜与电解质离子之间静电斥力的大小。另外还发现该膜具有较好的耐藻类吸附性。 相似文献
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研究海藻酸钠添加量对琼胶-结冷胶膜复合膜的水溶性、机械强度和水蒸汽阻隔性能的影响,并用红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析复合膜的相容性。结果表明,多糖之间有较强的氢键作用和良好的相容性;添加20%的海藻酸钠能使复合膜的溶解时间从360s下降到86s,低湿度下(RH=33%)的水蒸气透过率也有所下降,高湿度下(RH=94%)的水蒸气透过率无较大变化。添加海藻酸钠于琼胶-结冷胶复合膜中,复合膜的水溶性有了明显的提高,并且具有良好的力学性能和水蒸气阻隔性能,有望成为一种食品内包装膜。 相似文献
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以液体石蜡为油相,以壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶溶液为水相,用乳化法制备了壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球,并对微球形态、粒径分布、溶胀性、蛋白吸附率、溶血率、体外降解率进行了分析。光学显微镜下显示,微球形态圆整,粒径主要分布在100～400μm;扫描电镜显示,微球内部为三维网络状结构,骨架清晰;pH=7.4的PBS缓冲液中干凝胶微球的溶胀率为218.08%,普通壳聚糖微球为70.98%;1和24h测得凝胶微球的蛋白吸附量分别为13.21和15.68μg/g,普通壳聚糖微球分别为3.71×103和4.83×103μg/g;微球的溶血率小于5%,血液相容性良好;体外降解实验显示,壳聚糖的脱乙酰度、黏度以及溶菌酶浓度对壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球的降解性质产生影响。 相似文献
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采用海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇和明胶等材料, 进行对脂肪酶ADM47601的固定化研究。结果表明, 使用壳聚糖固定化脂肪酶, 在最优条件为2% (W/V)壳聚糖, 10% NaOH, 1%乙酸, 0.25%戊二醛, 每克载体添加840U脂肪酶时, 最大固定化酶活力回收率为87.06%。使用海藻酸钠-明胶固定化脂肪, 在最优固定化条件下, 最大固定化酶活力回收率为54.45%。使用聚乙烯醇固定化脂肪酶, 在最优固定化条件下, 最大固定化酶活力回收率为33.22%。使用海藻酸钠固定化脂肪酶, 在最优固定化条件下, 最大固定化酶活力回收率为17.11%。对比四种不同固定化酶方法, 脂肪酶活力回收率高度高低顺序为: 壳聚糖吸附交联法>海藻酸钠明胶协同包埋法>聚乙烯醇-硼酸法>海藻酸钠包埋法。 相似文献
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对重组表达的海洋生物抗菌肽对虾素3-2进行亲和层析纯化,以海藻酸钠为壁材,采用凝聚法制备了重组抗菌肽海藻酸钠微囊,以微囊的形态和包封率为指标优化制备工艺,对制备的微囊进行体外释放特征的初步研究。结果显示,在氯化钙浓度为1.5%,海藻酸钠浓度为2.0%时,制备的微囊为完整的球形,冷冻干燥后的直径约为1.1 mm,包封率为83.87%。微囊在模拟胃液(pH 2.0)中2 h左右释放量趋于稳定,释放量低于14%;微囊在模拟肠液(pH 7.8)中不断释放,5 h时释放量达98%,表明微囊具有良好的肠溶性而可以抵抗胃液的破坏,可以用作重组抗菌肽缓释/控释制剂,为抗菌肽在水产病害防治过程的口服给药提供实验基础。 相似文献
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吸附交联法和包埋法固定壳聚糖酶的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用吸附交联和包埋法对假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)CUY8产壳聚糖酶进行固定,并对游离壳聚糖酶和2种固定化酶的特性进行比较。游离壳聚糖酶的最佳pH值为5.0,最佳温度为55℃;采用吸附交联方法所获得的壳聚糖酶的最佳pH值为4.0,最佳温度65℃;采用包埋法获得的壳聚糖酶的最佳pH值为5.5,最佳温度为35℃。壳聚糖游离酶,吸附壳聚糖酶和交联壳聚糖酶的米氏常数依次分别为1.92 mg/mL,14.71 mg/mL和5.91 mg/mL;半衰期为18 d,45 d和37 d。实验结果显示,采用吸附交联法所得的壳聚糖酶的半衰期是最长的。 相似文献
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以壳聚糖粉末为原料,采用反相悬浮交联法制备了球状壳聚糖树脂(MCR)。通过静态吸附实验,研究了pH和温度对MCR吸附NO-2的影响以及MCR对水溶液中NO-2的吸附热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,在酸性条件下,313~328K时,MCR对NO-2有较好的吸附性能。吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,属于单分子层吸附。吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,受粒子内扩散和液膜扩散联合控制。 相似文献
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界面聚合制备方法通常用于制备纳滤膜或反渗透膜,单体一般为间苯二胺或哌嗪。但是这些水相单体具有较大的毒性、刺激性等不利因素,会对环境及人体造成危害。壳寡糖（chitosan oligosaccharide, COS）是壳聚糖经特殊的生物酶处理得到的较低分子量的海洋多糖类高分子聚合物,绿色无毒,与壳聚糖相比其溶解性大大提高。壳寡糖与壳聚糖的化学性质相似,其分子中含有氨基、羟基,适合作为水相单体通过界面聚合反应制备复合纳滤膜。本研究以壳寡糖为水相单体,均苯三甲酰氯（trimesoyl chloride, TMC）为油相单体,通过界面聚合法在聚醚砜超滤膜（PES）上成功制备COS/PES复合纳滤膜。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对膜表面进行分析表征;通过错流过滤测试膜通量及染料分离性能。实验结果显示,COS/PES 2复合纳滤膜表面出现斑点状结构,具备较高的膜通量;根据Zisman的临界表面张力外推方法将液体的表面张力与cosθ作图,发现COS/PES复合纳滤膜具有较好的防生物黏着的性能;进一步采用牛血清蛋白质模拟生物质膜污染物,开展了比通量（J/Jw）下降的实验,结果表明COS/PES复合纳滤膜的比通量始终高于商业PES超滤膜,说明交联壳寡糖活性层具有一定的抗生物质膜污染的性能;染料分离实验结果显示,壳寡糖复合纳滤膜对甲基橙的截留率在0.45 ~ 0.53之间,樱草灵的截留率在0.66~0.77之间,染料分子量大于600 Da时,不同浓度（1%、2%、3%,wt）制备的壳寡糖复合膜的染料截留率均保持在90%以上,证明所制备的复合膜属于纳滤的范畴。本研究制备的COS/PES复合纳滤膜符合国内外对发展环境友好型海洋新材料的需求,在环保、医药方面极具应用潜力。 相似文献
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水化膜厚度对多孔介质渗透性的影响已为人们所认知,很多文献对此进行了定性的阐述,但这方面的量化研究至今尚处空白。本文首先总结了不同领域有关水化膜厚度的研究成果,确定不同水溶液环境中水化膜厚度的范围在0~200nm,并在此基础上,模拟计算了水化膜厚度对不同粒径球体多孔介质渗透性的影响。为验证模拟结果,试验选用平均粒径分别为8.86(S1)和1.67μm(S2)的2种玻璃微珠进行渗透试验,利用变水头渗透仪,测定不同浓度NaCl和CaCl2溶液在S1和S2样品中的渗透系数。试验结果表明,水化膜对多孔介质渗透性影响显著,在水化膜厚度为75.4~79.4nm的淡水环境中,S1样品的渗透系数为(12.07~12.61)×10-8 m/s,而S2样品的渗透系数仅为(2.05~2.28)×10-8 m/s;水化膜厚度的变化对渗透性也有显著影响,5%NaCl溶液中,水化膜厚度被压缩至60.6nm,从而导致S1样品的渗透系数由12.07×10-8 m/s升高至13.15×10-8 m/s,S2样品的渗透系数则由2.28×10-8 m/s升高至3.91×10-8 m/s;5%CaCl2溶液中,水化膜厚度被压缩至32.4nm,从而导致S1样品的渗透系数由12.61×10-8 m/s升高至15.55×10-8 m/s,S2样品的渗透系数则由2.05×10-8 m/s升高至8.86×10-8 m/s。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献