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1.
利用 1981—2019 年 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和观测降水资料,对山东5月降水多（少）雨年环流特征进行分型,分析前期海温影响大气环流进而影响降水的过程。结果表明：典型多（少）雨年,亚洲中高纬环流呈“－、＋”（“＋、－” ）距平分布,盛行纬（经）向环流,东亚大槽偏弱（强）。前期冬春季黑潮区和热带印度洋海温是影响山东5月降水的关键外强迫因子,黑潮区海温偏暖（冷）时,其上空500 hPa高度场为明显正（负）距平,低层风场呈现异常反气旋（气旋）,山东受异常东南风（偏西风）控制,加强（削弱）了水汽输送, 利于降水偏多（少）。热带印度洋偏暖年,山东地区 500 hPa高度场上表现为西低东高,低层处于异常反气旋后部的东南气流中,这与典型多雨年的环流特征基本一致,印度洋偏冷年对应环流特征与偏暖年大致相反。 相似文献
2.
利用云南省大理州12个气象站1962～2008年共47a雨季开始期资料及NCEP／NCAR高度场及风场资料分析了大理雨季开始期的时空分布特征及异常年环流特征。EOF分析表明,大理雨季开始期存在多种空间分布类型,主要的分布型是一致偏早（晚）型及东南一西北型。Morlet小波分析表明,大理雨季开始期在20世纪60年代初到70年代中期偏早,70年代中期至90年代初偏晚,90年代初至今偏早;且存在约2a和10a的特征时间周期变化。异常偏早年5月高度距平场上北半球经向上呈“-＋-”的分布,异常偏晚年则相反,呈“＋-＋”的分布。异常年5月高、中低层的距平风场同样存在明显差异,异常偏早年高层存在增强伊朗高压的反气旋环流,低层存在偏强的南亚季风环流,异常偏晚年则是相反的环流特征。 相似文献
3.
基于1961—2020年南疆西部16个气象站初雪资料、利用ERA5再分析资料、全球资料同化系统（GDAS）分析资料及常规气象资料，分析了南疆西部近60 a初雪的气候特征，以2020年11月20—22日典型强初雪天气为例分析了异常降水的大尺度环流背景、暴雪高低空环流配置、水汽特征及雨雪转换机制。结果表明，近60 a南疆西部平原初雪变化稳定，山区初雪呈显著延迟趋势。强初雪发生在中高纬度大尺度环流呈现异常“+-+”的距平分布和500 hPa典型的“东西夹攻”形势下，深厚的中亚低涡为暴雪提供有利的水汽条件，高低空急流的耦合作用和地形的动力抬升作用为暴雪提供动力条件。暴雪区中高层水汽主要来自偏西路径的欧洲大陆、西西伯利亚及黑海、里海、客拉海等洋面，低层水汽主要来自塔里木盆地内部回流的水汽。低层环境湿度、边界层温度平流及云层属性差异是造成此次暴雪相态差异的主要原因，云顶发展旺盛的冰晶云在干燥的低层环境下更有利于降雪。850 hPa气温＜0℃可作为此次南疆西部暴雪天气雨雪相态转换指标。 相似文献
4.
华南前汛期开始日期异常与大气环流和海温变化的关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用1961—2012年美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)的再分析资料、NOAA海温资料,CMAP降水资料和华南261个测站降水观测资料,首先分析华南前汛期开始日期(以下简称华南开汛)异常的气候特征,然后采用相关分析、合成分析的方法研究华南开汛异常与3—4月大气环流以及海温变化的关系。结果表明,近52 a来华南开汛具有显著的年际变化特征,但变化趋势不明显。开汛最早出现在1983年3月1日,最晚出现在1963年6月1日,1961—2012年华南平均开汛日期是4月6日。华南开汛主要出现在3—4月,占92.3%。华南开汛与3—4月华南降水相关最显著,开汛偏早(晚),对应华南3—4月降水偏多(少)。华南开汛偏早年,在3—4月,对流层高层副热带西风急流偏强,中层西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西、低层南支槽偏强,华南上空西南气流偏强;华南开汛偏晚年则相反。华南开汛与3—4月中国南海及周边地区海温显著相关,海温偏低(高)对应华南开汛偏晚(早)。华南开汛偏晚年的海温和大气环流异常比早年显著。 相似文献
5.
印度洋冬季海温异常对中国春季降水的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1960 2004年NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料和中国160个测站逐月降水观测资料,考虑赤道海温强迫和中高纬地区气候变化中大气环流的桥梁作用,首先对冬季印度洋海温距平场与同期北半球500 hPa位势高度距平场进行奇异值分解(SVD),然后分析印度洋海温异常对中国冬季及后期春季降水的影响。结果表明,印度洋冬季海温距平场第一奇异向量是全区一致的单极型分布形势,而且对中国春季降水的影响显著,特别是与长江中下游以北至华北地区、新疆等大片地区的春季降水呈显著正相关关系。当印度洋冬季海温距平场第一奇异向量处于正位相的时候,海温异常偏暖,此时对应的东亚地区上空西风急流减弱,日本海附近500 hPa位势高度出现正异常中心,使得东亚大槽偏东、偏弱,有助于低层偏南气流带来的水汽在长江中下游以北至华北地区形成水汽辐合,从而造成该地区春季降水偏多。因此,印度洋冬季海温距平场的第一奇异向量可以作为次年长江中下游以北至华北地区春季降水季节预报的一个前期预报因子。 相似文献
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7.
利用湖南83站降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用数理统计方法,分析了湖南夏秋干旱的分布特征,对湖南夏秋干旱类型进行了划分,对比了3类干旱型在同期大气环流和前期海温上的差异。结果表明:(1)1961—2016年湖南夏秋干湿变化经历了"干、湿、干、湿、干、湿"6个时段,可分为全省、北部和南部干旱型;(2)全省干旱型年份西太平洋副热带高压(副高)偏弱、偏北,南亚高压偏强、偏北,东亚地区从北至南呈东亚/太平洋型遥相关(EAP)的负位相分布,东亚副热带西风急流偏东、偏北,低层风场在我国江南地区有一反气旋距平环流,湖南大部为辐散异常区,造成湖南大部降水偏少,形成干旱;(3)北部干旱型年份副高偏弱、偏北、偏东,南亚高压和东亚副热带西风急流明显偏北,低层风场在长江中下游地区有一较大的东风距平区,湖南北部为辐散异常区,南部为辐合异常区,形成湖南北旱南涝的空间格局;(4)南部干旱型年份副高偏强、偏西、偏南,南亚高压偏强、略偏南,东亚地区从北至南呈EAP的正位相分布,东亚副热带西风急流偏南,低层风场在我国华南地区有一反气旋距平环流,华南地区为辐散异常区,江淮地区为辐合异常区,形成湖南南旱北涝的空间格局。 相似文献
8.
辽宁初夏降水大尺度环流影响因子及2012年初夏异常多雨成因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用辽宁省50站1961—2012年夏季逐日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对辽宁初夏降水异常的大尺度环流特征进行了诊断分析。在此基础上对引起2012年辽宁初夏降水异常偏多的大尺度环流进行了研究。研究发现:东亚地区对流层不同高度上大尺度环流系统相互配合是造成辽宁初夏降水异常的主要原因。2012年辽宁初夏的4次主要降水过程对应的环流形势基本相同,200 hPa高空急流在东北以西上空出现气旋式分支现象;500 hPa上亚洲中纬地区受两槽两脊控制,东北地区上空是槽区,对应明显的位势高度负距平;850 hPa风场和整层水汽通量场上,东北地区上空均为气旋式环流;多雨年200 hPa高空急流出现分支现象,副热带西风急流强度偏强;500 hPa亚洲中纬地区受两脊一槽控制,东北地区上空是槽区,对应位势高度负距平;850 hPa风场在东北地区上空表现为气旋式环流。这表明东北地区上空对流层从低到高,都受一个深厚的低值系统控制;各层环流情况均表明:东北冷涡这一深厚的冷性涡旋系统是2012年辽宁初夏降水异常偏多的主要影响因子。 相似文献
9.
2023年春季(3—5月),全国平均气温为11.5℃,为1961年以来历史同期第七高。除新疆、西北地区西部、西藏等地气温偏低外,我国大部分地区气温均偏高。全国平均降水量为132.7 mm,较常年同期偏少7.4%。降水呈现“北多南少”的特征,华北、黄淮及青藏高原等地降水偏多,东北、江南东部、华南和西南地区降水显著偏少。在对流层中层,春季亚欧中高纬度呈现“两脊一槽”分布,乌拉尔山地区为正高度距平中心,贝加尔湖至巴尔喀什湖为高度场负距平中心,而东北亚上空为位势高度场正异常;西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏弱;在对流层低层,热带西太平洋地区维持异常气旋性环流,其以北则为异常反气旋性环流。2023年春季东北亚高压脊指数为1.7,超过1个标准差,为1961年以来第四强,其异常偏强有利于我国北方降水偏多。长江以北地区受反气旋环流影响,异常偏东南风强盛,有利于将西北太平洋的暖湿水汽输送至我国北方地区。赤道中东太平洋自2021年9月开始一次弱La Ni?a事件,该事件一直持续至2023年3月结束,4月赤道中东太平洋海温开始转为暖水位相。2023年春季我国北方降水异常偏多受到赤道中东太平洋海温演变的影响,合成分析表明,在海温由冷转暖的春季,欧亚中纬度地区易出现“两脊一槽”的环流异常分布型,中西路冷空气南下影响我国,同时东亚上空反气旋式环流使得我国北方地区受异常东南风控制,西北太平洋水汽向北输送偏强,为北方地区的降水提供有利条件。 相似文献
10.
根据国家气象信息中心提供的中国台站气温、降水资料,NCEP/NCAR逐日大气环流再分析资料和NOAA提供的月平均海温资料,分析了2017年秋季我国北方地区降水异常偏多的成因。结果表明2017年秋季我国降水阶段性特征明显,9—10月北方地区降水异常偏多主要受东亚环流型组合异常的影响。东亚500 hPa高度距平场从高纬至低纬呈“+-+”的异常分布,极区高度场偏高,极涡分裂偏向东北亚地区,贝加尔湖 巴尔喀什湖地区为显著低槽区,西太平洋副热带高压较常年偏强偏西偏北,有利于华西秋雨偏强。此外,850 hPa距平风场上朝鲜半岛的反气旋式环流异常有利于引导偏东路径的冷湿气流输送至黄河与长江之间的地区,与来自孟加拉湾和南海的暖湿气流交汇,形成水汽通量异常辐合区,造成黄淮及江淮等地降水异常偏多。进一步诊断表明热带中东太平洋海温秋季转为偏冷状态,热带太平洋地区Walker环流明显增强,有利于西太平洋副热带高压偏强西伸偏北;9—10月热带印度洋偶极子维持正位相有利于在孟加拉湾形成反气旋式环流异常,并同样有利于副热带高压西伸偏北。因此,海温外强迫信号的影响加上中高纬环流异常的共同作用造成9—10月东亚环流型异常特征,并进一步导致我国北方地区降水异常偏多。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献