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该文对１９９１年５月２４－２５日华北回流天气过程作了分析，认为：（１）回流降水结构，在低层东北气流冷垫与中高层西南暖湿气流共同作用下，形成暖锋降水云系，有利于进行人工催化作用；（２）边界层出现冷空气活动，与降水增强有密切联系；（３）深厚的逆温层，同时也是东北风与西南风的过渡层。逆温层上下，风的垂直切变很大，以致整层的理查逊数Ｒｉ＜１，是导致降水增强的一种机制。 相似文献
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回流暴雪过程的诊断分析和数值试验 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
华北回流天气是预报中的难题,尤其是对其产生降水的开始和结束时间和华北回流的性质研究不多。作者使用NCEP再分析资料、实时观测资料和中尺度模式MM5,对一次回流暴雪过程进行了诊断分析和数值试验。通过分析和试验得出了一些有意义的结果:回流降水的开始和结束与高低层的风向有关,中高层的西南气流与低层偏东气流叠加时降水开始,两者之一消失降水结束;低层经渤海回流到华北地区的气团是干冷的;回流降水的水汽伴随中层的西南气流来自南方地区。这在实际业务预报中具有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
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对2011年2月26-27日滨州市的一次雨转雪天气过程进行分析和讨论,此次过程前期主要是高空槽和切变线影响的稳定性降水,后期是低层冷空气与中高层槽前的西南暖湿气流形成回流降水。中低层两支低空急流的建立为降水提供了充足的水汽。水汽通量散度、垂直速度、散度与降水时段、强度、落区具有较好的对应关系。雨雪相态的转变取决于850hPa温度与地面温度。 相似文献
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2019年2月14日在北京海坨山地区出现了一次由低槽云系产成的降雪过程。利用飞机、Ka波段云雷达、微波辐射计、降水粒子谱仪、雪晶显微观测仪等协同观测数据集,分析了此次降雪过程的天气形势、中尺度和微观结构的演变特征。协同观测显示:（1）降雪过程由高空低槽和地面倒槽槽前西南暖湿气流与低层东风回流干冷偏东风共同影响形成,西南风厚度和强度与地面降雪量以及降雪粒子数浓度成正相关。（2）降雪云系为冰云,地面降雪形状主要为片状、枝状和柱状单晶体,冰雪晶的凝华-聚并增长是降雪的主要形成机制。（3）大量枝状雪花的攀附现象出现在地形云爬升阶段,即低层东风回流减弱,转由倒槽槽前西南暖湿气流控制。（4）过冷水的出现与地形抬升有关,地形云爬升期间存在人工增雪潜力。 相似文献
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华北南部一次回流暴雪天气的诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对发生在华北南部的一次回流暴雪天气过程进行了动力、热力等诊断分析。结果表明：该回流暴雪天气属于华北回流中的两槽一脊型,导致这次强降雪的影响系统是高空急流、西来槽、低涡切变和低空急流,东北冷空气起到了触发作用。最大降水出现在南北风转换阶段,当东北风完全控制低层,降水结束。高空辐散和低层辐合相叠置及高空正涡度的下传,有强降水的产生,但上升运动中心较低。降雪前的增暖增湿与低层冷空气的楔入使华北南部位于θse能量锋区和水汽辐合区内,有利于强降雪的产生。回流天气的水汽主要来自于南方,低层东北冷空气也有间接输送水汽作用。 相似文献
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利用多种非常规高时空分辨率观测资料并结合ERA5(ECMWF Reanalysis V5)再分析资料,分析了2019年6月2日长春市区的一场突发性局地大暴雨的中尺度特征,结果发现,低层或高层冷中心、暖湿气流和冷池出流三者之间不同的相互作用是该过程两段不同强度降水产生的根本原因：第一时段降水较强,并伴有强雷电和冰雹,700 hPa附近较弱冷中心在低层偏南风急流作用下北移至长春站北部并叠加在高层强冷中心之下,其下沉气流在边界层顶附近受该处降水形成的冷池和冷锋后部冷平流阻挡向南回流,冷池出流强度增强并在长春站附近迫使强暖湿气流抬升,长春站上空层结不稳定性加强,当上游对流云团东移至该地时强烈发展,回波强度超过60 dBZ,后向传播作用形成东西向线状对流,列车效应显著;第二时段降水相对较弱,仅伴有雷电,长春上空中低层仍为暖平流控制,高层冷空气继续加强并南压,其下沉气流在边界层顶附近受低层急流作用向北辐散,冷平流较强并与第一阶段强降水产生的冷池出流(较弱冷平流)在长春站附近辐合,迫使其低层相对较暖的气团抬升,700 hPa以下转为垂直上升运动,对流云团移至该处再次发展并与周围对流云团合并形成线状对... 相似文献
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本文对影响本场的重要天气现象──高后回流两低天气的发生发展及其影响过程的条件与特征进行了较全面的分析，得出：低层８５０ｈＰａ西南暖湿气流的发生发展，地面高后回流形势的建立及近地层弱冷空气的活动是高后回流两低天气形成和发展的基本条件与主要特征；本场两低天气发生前，桂林以南常常先期有预兆性的雨区形成。 相似文献
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利用各种观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1×1°再分析资料,对2012年7月30日夜间和31日夜间鲁西北连续两天强降雨天气进行诊断和对比分析。结果表明:强降水产生在西风槽前和副热带高压边缘的偏南暖湿气流中,西风槽稳定少动,台风在东南沿海北上,副高加强北抬,为鲁西北连续两天的强降水提供了天气尺度背景。925hPa及以下的低层,来自于渤海的偏东气流和来自于华东沿海的东南气流同时向鲁西北强降水区输送水汽,低层比湿大,CAPE和K指数较高。第1次强降水产生在偏南气流的暖区中,降水强度大,维持时间短。第2次强降水期间,低层有冷空气锲入,把暖湿气流抬升,前期为对流性降水,中后期转为稳定性降水,降水强度小,维持时间较长。850hPa及以下倒槽式切变线和中尺度低涡环流是造成强降水的中尺度影响系统,近地面层来自于渤海的东北气流与来自于东南沿海的东南暖湿气流形成中尺度涡旋,产生气旋式辐合上升,触发对流不稳定能量释放。对流云团在鲁西北形成长形的中尺度对流系统(MCS),稳定少动,有明显的列车效应和后向传播特征。强降水具有较强的日变化,夜间发展增强,白天减弱。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献