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1.
岩溶区隧道衬砌背后空洞与高透水压力的共同作用,改变了衬砌的受力状态,导致结构原本良好的受力状况恶化,进而可能造成衬砌的开裂破损。采用FLAC3D软件研究不同空洞位置对应力场分布、渗流场分布、二次衬砌内力的影响以及在高透水压力下拱顶空洞大小对二衬内力的影响规律。结果表明:竖直应力场为主应力场时空洞周边会出现应力增大区和应力减小区;空洞会使3倍空洞直径范围内外水压力明显折减;无外水压力时空洞对二次衬砌弯矩的影响远大于轴力;无论空洞存在与否,存在何位置,各测点内力均随水头高度的升高呈现线性变化,拱底与拱脚内力大小及变化速率都远大于其他测点,且空洞不同位置下内力随水压的变化速率有很大区别;边墙空洞使衬砌结构处于偏压状态,且随水头高度的升高偏压效应更加明显;拱部弯矩随拱顶空洞大小线性特征明显。 相似文献
2.
以在建的穿越5•12强震区发震断裂带的广甘高速公路杜家山隧道为工程依托,选取20 m典型围岩区段为试验段,对有、无系统锚杆时的洞周位移、锚杆轴力、钢拱架内力、围岩与初支接触压力、及其二衬内力进行实测对比分析,探讨锚杆支护作用效果不明显的成因,提出了在强震区软弱破碎千枚岩隧道围岩中采用“钢喷”初期支护的支护方案。研究结果表明：设置锚杆的断面,其锚杆轴力值较小,最终洞周变形值及围岩与初支的接触压力值相对偏大,钢拱架和二衬的安全储备相对不足;锚杆的施工不仅在某种程度上加剧了对深部围岩的扰动,而且还延误了喷射混凝土和钢支撑支护对暴露围岩及时封闭的最佳时机;震后深部围岩的震裂损伤和震裂岩体地下水的渗透性增强,致使围岩松弛区域超过了锚杆设置范围,且锚杆与围岩间的黏结力被削弱。 相似文献
3.
莫阳春 《水文地质工程地质》2011,38(5):31-37
以某岩溶隧道为工程背景,按弹性阶段相似原则进行模型试验,研究隧道底部隐伏空腔充水情况下的二次衬砌内力特征,以及水压、溶腔和隧道间距的变化对二衬内力的影响规律。试验结果表明:当隧道仰拱底部隐伏空腔充水时,拱肩、边墙和墙脚处轴力为负,拱顶和仰拱底处轴力为正,其中墙脚处负值轴力最大,仰拱底处正值轴力最大;拱肩和仰拱底处弯矩为正,边墙和墙脚处弯矩为负,其中仰拱底处正弯矩最大,墙脚处负弯矩最大。随着溶腔内水压逐渐增大以及充水溶腔与隧道间距离的逐渐减小,特征位置处的轴力和弯矩均有不同程度的增大,对于轴力,拱顶、拱肩和仰拱底处的增量较小,边墙和墙脚处的增量较大;对于弯矩,拱顶、拱肩和边墙处弯矩增量均较小,墙脚和仰拱底处的弯矩增量明显。沿着隧道的轴向,断面越靠近充水溶腔其轴力和弯矩受影响程度就越大。 相似文献
4.
运用荷载结构模型及有限元分析手段,以新建200km时速城际铁路隧道衬砌为研究对象,分析了围岩弹性抗力对二衬结构受力的影响。随着围岩弹性抗力的增大,拱顶弯矩及拱肩弯矩绝对值、拱顶竖向位移变小,而拱顶轴力及安全系数变大。说明,围岩越坚硬,衬砌结构受力越有利。随着二衬厚度的增大,拱顶弯矩及拱肩弯矩绝对值变大,而拱顶轴力、拱顶竖向位移及安全系数变小。随着混凝土强度等级的提高,拱顶弯矩、拱肩弯矩及安全系数变大,拱顶轴力和拱顶竖向位移变小,但这些量值的变化幅度较小,说明混凝土弹性模量对二衬受力影响很小。 相似文献
5.
为研究浅埋黄土隧道锚喷初支+初衬+二衬构成的3层支护体系力学特性,以某黄土隧道为依托,采用钢弦式传感器对围岩压力、初衬与二衬接触压力、二衬钢筋轴力、二衬混凝土应变、钢拱架应力等进行了系统测试与分析。结果表明：(1) 作用在左拱腰处的围岩压力较大,且稳定值为240 kPa;(2) 浅埋段按不同围岩压力计算公式得到压力值均大于围岩压力实测值,其中采用太沙基公式得到的压力值与实测值相对接近;(3) 该黄土隧道二衬全部受压,其分布形态呈明显的猫耳形,初支、初衬、二衬承受的荷载比例分别为51.34%、37.29%、11.38%;(4) 钢拱架整体以受压为主,在拱顶和拱腰处受力较大,接近屈服状态;(5) 初支发挥了一定的围岩自承能力,其与初衬共同承担了大部分围岩荷载,二衬主要为结构安全储备。 相似文献
6.
水平力作用下嵌岩桩桩顶内力分布的模型试验 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于水平荷载下的8组模型试验桩的电测资料;分析了嵌岩桩基的实测桩顶内力的变化及分布规律,指出水平力作用下的桩顶内力分布与承台上外竖向力（和弯矩）荷载的局部分布方式有关。 相似文献
7.
贵州是岩溶发育地区,强降雨对岩溶隧道衬砌破坏时有发生。贵州织毕铁路元宝山隧道通车前夕,瞬时强降雨致二衬多处发生挤出、跨塌、剥落、开裂、涌水、滴水等灾害,使织毕铁路开通计划被迫取消。本文借助MIDAS GTS数值模拟软件,计算并对比分析衬砌正常及施加50 m水压两种工况下,二衬位移量、轴力、弯矩及剪力情况,分析瞬时强降雨对铁路岩溶隧道衬砌强度的影响,主要结论如下:（1）在不考虑水压的情况下,二衬结构较为安全。当瞬时增加50 m水压时,因衬砌结构内力值过大,计算得出衬砌结构安全性已被破坏的结论;（2）对于地下水发育岩溶地段,若无水压的具体资料,建议III级围岩段采用钢筋混凝土衬砌,以增加衬砌对局部瞬时水压升高的抵抗能力;（3）泄水减压是解决水头上升水压过大致使衬砌破坏的关键。 相似文献
8.
地铁列车振动作用下近距离平行隧道的弹塑性动力响应 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
利用有限元数值方法,对地铁列车振动荷载作用下近距离平行隧道结构的二维弹塑性动力响应进行模拟,分析了单列列车荷载以及双列列车荷载作用下土体-隧道结构体系的加速度和内力响应时程曲线。研究表明,列车动力荷载作用下的内力值要比无列车荷载作用下的内力值有较大程度的增加;在单列列车荷载作用下,另一相邻平行隧道的加速度响应、弯矩、轴力峰值要比列车运行所在隧道相应点处的响应值要小;在双列列车荷载作用下隧道结构体系动力响应值要比单列列车荷载作用下的动力响应值有显著增加。 相似文献
9.
高速铁路膏溶角砾岩深埋隧道支护荷载确定方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
合理的支护荷载确定方法是膏溶角砾岩深埋隧道设计和施工过程中的关键科学问题。以石太客运专线太行山隧道累计穿越4 410 m膏溶角砾岩地层为依托,通过现场支护荷载量测试验,统计得到初支围岩压力和二衬接触压力。采用泰沙基理论、比尔鲍曼理论、谢家烋理论、铁路隧道设计规范和普氏理论共5种方法分别计算围岩压力,并与现场实测值相比较。结果表明：围岩压力以竖向为主,泰沙基理论值与现场实测统计值最为接近;围岩压力在竖向、水平分布模式不同于传统计算方法,推荐竖向压力采用双峰型或均匀分布,水平压力采用折线型分布;初支和二次衬砌共同承担荷载,二衬分担比例为50.1%。研究成果可为高速铁路膏溶角砾岩以及类似地质条件深埋隧道修建提供参考。 相似文献
10.
大断面深埋高水压地铁盾构隧道周边土压力作用模式评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以南京某大直径地铁盾构隧道为背景,对盾构管片衬砌所受荷载及结构内力进行现场测试,分析了深埋高水压粉细砂地层中盾构隧道管片土压力大小及分布特征。采用3种不同竖向荷载组合（即有效上覆土压力+水压力,太沙基松动土压力+水压力,只有水压力）计算管片内力并与实测内力进行比较,评价了作用在盾构隧道管片上的土压力模式。结果表明：（1）作用在盾构隧道衬砌上的水压力大小基本等于静止水压力;（2）盾构隧道隧顶实测土压力约为太沙基松动土压力的80%,实测隧顶土压力更接近于太沙基松动土压力,隧道上方存在土拱;（3）现场实测管片弯矩较3种荷载作用下计算弯矩小,而实测管片轴力约为理论计算轴力的2倍。此外,分析了水平地基抗力系数对隧道管片内力的影响。研究成果可为大直径深埋盾构隧道设计提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献