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1.
云南个旧锡矿床成因研究综述 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
从成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及地质发展史出发，依据矿石光片鉴定及鲕状黄铁矿电子探针分析，综合分析前人提出的岩浆热液成矿和热水沉积成矿的证据，认为个旧锡多金属矿床既存在热水沉积成矿作用，又有岩浆热液成矿作用，为热水沉积-岩浆热液叠生矿床。 相似文献
2.
铝土矿矿床中普遍含有不同比例的鲕状矿石,但目前对这些鲕粒的成因及其与成矿作用相互关系的了解相对有限。对贵州务正道地区铝土矿矿床中典型鲕状矿石中鲕粒进行了微区原位主量元素电子探针分析(EPMA)和激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)主量和微量元素分析,并与共存基质的元素组成进行了对比。研究表明,鲕粒的形成时间晚于基质,地表化学风化作用本身并不能导致铝土矿的形成;鲕粒的形成发生于强氧化和高酸度的环境,其成因被解释为在海进过程中在地层中一定的深度条件下形成了以黄铁矿为主的硫化物矿物,随后的海退作用过程导致硫化物蚀变并形成强酸环境,使得成矿元素Al相对于杂质元素(Si、Fe)发生相对富集,且该过程具有多期次振荡重复的特点。铝土矿形成是热带湿热气候条件下周期性海进-海退循环与长期的大陆古隆起区平坦海岸地形相互耦合的结果。 相似文献
3.
滇东南马关都龙是一个以锡锌为主,共-伴生铟、铜、铅、钨、铁、银等多种元素的锡锌多金属超大型矿床。虽然前人从矿物学、矿床地球化学、年代学等不同角度开展了较多的研究,该矿床锡锌多金属矿化为燕山晚期岩浆热液活动的产物已是不争的事实,但关于该矿床是否存在热水沉积作用及其与锡锌多金属成矿作用的关系依然存在较大争议。本文选取都龙矿区广泛存在的黄铁矿作为主要研究对象,在矿相学基础上利用LA-ICPMS对不同阶段黄铁矿的微量元素组成开展了系统的研究。野外及显微鉴定结果表明,矿区存在四种类型(期次)的黄铁矿,即:鲕状黄铁矿Py1;穿切或交代Py1的细脉状黄铁矿Py2;与闪锌矿等硫化物共生的自形黄铁矿Py3;包裹早期黄铁矿或闪锌矿等硫化物的他形黄铁矿Py4。LA-ICPMS分析结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿中富集多种微量元素,其中Co、Ni、As、Ge等元素以类质同象的形式存在黄铁矿晶格中,而其余元素多以显微矿物包体形式赋存于黄铁矿中。上述四期黄铁矿微量元素组成存在较大差别,Py1相对富集Zn和As,而其余微量元素含量较低,Co与Ni含量较低,Co/Ni比值远低于1.00,其微量元素组成与典型沉积作用形成黄铁矿基本一致; Py2与Py1具有相似的微量元素组成特征,其Co/Ni比值接近Py1变化范围; Py3和Py4除富集Zn、As外,Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Sb、Pb、Bi元素含量也相对较高,其Co/Ni比值相对较高,多大于1,与典型岩浆热液型黄铁矿微量元素组成相似,而与沉积型黄铁矿差异明显。结合各阶段黄铁矿产出地质特征,对比不同类型黄铁矿微量元素组成,本研究认为:Py1鲕状黄铁矿为热水沉积作用形成; Py2为Py1变质改造形成的细脉状黄铁矿,其微量元素继承了Py1; Py3为岩浆热液活动形成的自形黄铁矿; Py4为岩浆热液活动晚期形成的他形黄铁矿,Ag和Bi组成作为区分不同成因类型黄铁矿的化学指标的潜力。矿区早期沉积作用形成鲕状黄铁矿过程可能为后期成矿作用提供了部分硫源及少量Zn等成矿物质,海西-印支期区域变质改造作用对矿区成矿作用影响不大,而燕山晚期岩浆热液活动才是矿区锡多金属大规模成矿作用的主导因素。 相似文献
4.
凉水沟铅锌矿床位于川滇黔铅锌成矿域中东部,为黔西北矿集区内的铅锌矿床之一。本文应用电子探针分析(EPMA)技术测定了凉水沟铅锌矿床中黄铁矿、闪锌矿的微量元素组成。结果表明,该矿床发育2期黄铁矿,黄铁矿-Ⅰ为沉积成因,受后期热液叠加改造作用明显,黄铁矿-Ⅱ为热液成因,二者均富集Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、As和Mo,贫Au、Ag、Sb等微量元素,而闪锌矿则以富集Cu、Fe、Cd、Pb、Ga等微量元素为特征。微量元素Co、Ni、Mo、Pb、As等可能以类质同象或矿物包体的形式赋存于金属硫化物中。硫化物微量元素特征显示其主要形成于中低温的成矿温度环境,具沉积-改造成因的特征。综合矿床地质特征及区域成矿地质背景,本文认为凉水沟铅锌矿床属沉积-改造型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
5.
铜官山矿田是铜陵矿集区内五大矿田之一,矿田内顺层产出的层状硫化物矿体是铜金矿床的主矿体,矿体内含有较多的胶状黄铁矿,其成因的争议制约了对铜金矿床成矿作用的解析。本文主要利用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)等纳米矿物学手段,并结合光学显微镜、粉晶X射线衍射(XRD)、微区激光拉曼光谱分析等方法,对矿田内铜官山矿床及天马山矿床内层状硫化物矿体中胶状黄铁矿矿石的矿物组成、微形貌、微结构等特征进行系统研究,结果表明胶状黄铁矿矿石多呈胶状、鲕状结构,具有同心环状构造,同心环被赤铁矿、菱铁矿与黄铜矿脉穿切。同心环主要由白铁矿+有机质与胶状黄铁矿交替组成。胶状黄铁矿的黄铁矿颗粒粒径从纳米至亚微米均有分布,以自形-半自形立方体为主,少数呈他形,脉体边部胶状黄铁矿颗粒较大,自形程度较高,重结晶显著。矿石中含有少量白云石、伊利石微晶体,与胶状黄铁矿紧密共存,显示典型沉积特征。共存石英磨圆度较高,存在次生加大现象,表面存在胶状黄铁矿印模,显示为碎屑成因。这些综合信息表明胶状黄铁矿非岩浆热液成因,而是与石炭系地层同沉积成岩成因,并可能有微生物作用参与。高孔隙率、高化学活性及较高有机质含量的胶状黄铁矿可能为燕山期岩浆热液演化的含铜成矿流体提供了沉淀剂,对矿田内铜金硫化物矿体的层控性发挥了重要的控制作用。 相似文献
6.
《世界地质》2021,(2)
为寻找凤县二里河铅锌矿床成因类型证据,利用电子探针显微分析对二里河铅锌矿床金属硫化物进行分析,研究结果表明二里河铅锌矿床内黄铁矿含有两种不同类型:一种黄铁矿Co/Ni值为0.04～1.68,平均值为0.57,显示沉积成因(Co/Ni 1),矿物受后期热液熔蚀改造,形成时期较早;另一种黄铁矿Co/Ni值为0.98～7.67,平均值为2.46,显示热液成因(Co/Ni1),产于主矿体中,与铅锌成矿关系密切。闪锌矿中Fe的含量存在明显差异,划分为含铁闪锌矿(4%～8%)和闪锌矿(2%),推测可能是由于成矿过程的叠加改造所致,Zn/Cd比值为346～698,属中高温。矿物标型特征研究表明该矿床属于层控-岩浆热液型成因。 相似文献
7.
在雪宝顶北麓的黄龙地区新发现的鲕状钙华包壳粒,是高寒区钙华形成环境中产出的一类典型陆相包覆颗粒构造。通过系统采样鲕状包壳粒沉积剖面,并借助常规显微镜、扫描电镜与能谱分析等,揭示出鲕状钙华包壳粒的矿物组分、微观结构等特征。结果表明:研究区的鲕状钙华包壳粒分为同心圆状、同心圆—放射状、薄壁同心圆状3种基本类型,包壳粒核部是由异地的钙华碎屑构成,外壳层是由泥晶与微亮晶方解石纹层围绕核部逐层形成的圈层构造;微观特征显示泥晶层无明显微生物成因发育特征。鲕状钙华包壳粒的微观形态与组构特征反映出壳体中的泥晶圈层可能形成于相对深的静水环境,亮晶圈层可能形成于浅水高能环境,鲕状钙华包壳粒的成因偏于鲕类而非核形石类。 相似文献
8.
个旧锡矿区鲕状黄铁矿和胶状结构黄铁矿中锡的分布及其成因意义 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11
通过电子探针背散射图象扫描分析，发现鲕状黄铁矿和胶状结构黄铁矿中存在锡石包体，大小2～5μm。对无锡石包体的区域进行电子探针定量分析，测出鲕状黄铁矿中w(Sn)最高可达0．23％，胶状磁黄铁矿中最高可达0．06％。结合ICP-MS等离子质谱分析结果，认为鲕状黄铁矿和胶状结构黄铁矿中Sn的分布有两种形式：一种是以锡石(SnO2)包体形式存在；另一种是分散在黄铁矿中的Sn，可能以类质同像形式存在。锡石包体的存在暗示着海底喷流时可形成锡的独立矿物，鲕状黄铁矿和胶状结构黄铁矿中含锡，表明海底喷流形成硫化物矿物的同时携带了Sn，在后期花岗岩热液叠加改造过程中可起到Sn的矿源层的作用。 相似文献
9.
安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床矿石硫化物环带及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
安徽冬瓜山矿床是铜陵矿集区内一个重要的大型铜(金)矿床,颇受关注,成因认识分歧较大。矿床内块状硫化物矿石中普遍发育以黄铁矿为核部、黄铜矿为中间带、磁黄铁矿为边部带的硫化物环带。这些环带核部黄铁矿多呈自形-半自形晶,黄铜矿呈他形晶围绕黄铁矿沉淀,磁黄铁矿呈他形分布在黄铜矿外围,内带常被外带硫化物溶蚀交代。硫同位素分析结果显示,环带中硫化物矿物的硫同位素(δ34S=1.6‰~5.1‰)具有岩浆硫源特征,同时从核部黄铁矿到中间带黄铜矿,再到边部磁黄铁矿δ34S值逐渐降低。以上特征表明环带从内到外硫化物之间并非平衡共生关系,而是黄铁矿、黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿先后依次晶出。硫化物环带核部粗粒黄铁矿(粒径大于1.5cm)的Co、Ni含量分别为292×10-6~1504×10-6和32.7×10-6~39.9×10-6,Co/Ni=7.32~46.0(平均26.7),与海底火山喷流沉积型黄铁矿的Co、Ni特征基本一致。核部黄铁矿由颗粒中心向边缘,Fe/S原子比值、Mo和Co含量先逐渐升高,再逐渐降低,而Cu、Zn等成矿元素主要富集于颗粒边缘,并向边缘有逐渐升高趋势。与此同时,细粒黄铁矿(粒径小于0.5cm)中的Cu、Zn等元素的含量明显高于粗粒黄铁矿。环带中三种硫化物矿物的REE配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图极为相似,相对富集LREE、Rb、Th等元素,而亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Sr、Ba和HREE等元素,由环带核部到边部δEu逐渐减小,与矿区石英二长闪长(玢)岩表现出较高的相似性。以上特征综合分析表明,冬瓜山铜(金)矿床中硫化物环带经历了以下形成过程:石炭纪海底喷流沉积作用在矿区形成沉积黄铁矿,到燕山期,在区内强烈的构造-岩浆活动作用下,致使早期沉积的黄铁矿首先发生变质重结晶作用,形成粒状黄铁矿,随后岩浆热液对其进行叠加改造,并在岩浆热液作用下相继围绕粒状黄铁矿增生,依次沉淀出热液型黄铁矿、黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿,最终形成硫化物环带。这一认识,结合硫化物环带中元素及硫同位素特征进一步表明冬瓜山铜(金)矿床的形成先后经历了古生代海底喷流沉积成矿作用和燕山期岩浆热液成矿作用,矿床中的成矿物质(特别是Cu、Zn等成矿元素)主要来源于燕山期岩浆热液,但石炭系海底喷流沉积作用也提供了部分物质(例如,Fe、S、Mo、Co和Ni等)。此外,环带中微量元素的变化特征表明,随着硫化物环带的形成,成矿热液系统的温度、硫逸度和氧逸度逐渐降低和(或)p H值升高。 相似文献
10.
对安徽新桥矿床进行系统的野外地质调查和矿相学研究发现,层状矿体中的胶状黄铁矿交代矽卡岩磁铁矿矿体,为探讨层状硫化物矿床是早期沉积成因还是岩浆热液成因提供了新的地质约束。对铜陵矿集区内的新桥矿床层状菱铁矿矿体和凤凰山矽卡岩型矿体中的菱铁矿开展了Fe同位素组成的对比研究,结果显示：新桥矿床菱铁矿与典型低温热液脉型矿床和沉积铁矿中的菱铁矿在Fe同位素组成特征上有所不同,而与凤凰山矽卡岩型矿床中的菱铁矿更为接近;新桥矿床中胶状黄铁矿和菱铁矿相对于磁铁矿富集Fe的轻同位素,表明磁铁矿不是过去认为的由胶状黄铁矿和菱铁矿矿胚层经热液改造形成,而是与典型的岩浆热液有关。新桥矿区层状硫化物矿体和矽卡岩型矿体中,近岩体矽卡岩和最早形成的金属矿物磁铁矿比岩体更为富集Fe的轻同位素,而赋矿围岩比岩体更为富集Fe的重同位素。同时,不同矿化阶段形成的含铁矿物和不同空间位置的硫化物中的Fe同位素组成呈现出时空分带现象,Fe同位素组成的时空演化特征与流体出溶、流体演化非常一致,并且符合同位素分馏的基本理论,表明层状硫化物矿体和矽卡岩型矿体具有相同的成矿物质来源,为同一流体体系演化的产物。新桥矿区岩相学的研究结果和Fe同位素组成特征均表明,新桥层状硫化物矿床不是海西期喷流沉积成矿作用的产物,而是燕山期热液成矿作用的产物,为一个典型的热液成因矿床。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
13.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献