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1.
《铀矿地质》2021,(4)
蒙其古尔作为典型的砂岩型铀矿床,发育大规模灰白色砂体,且与铀成矿具有密切的空间关系。文章旨在通过研究含矿目的层水西沟群砂体的岩石学特征和地球化学特征,分析成矿流体性质,研究大规模灰白色砂体的主要成因及其与铀成矿作用之间的关系。通过研究表明造成砂体“白色化”的原因主要有:砂岩发生了强烈的以高岭石为主的黏土化蚀变;砂岩中铁离子发生迁移,且高价铁离子发生了还原反应;砂岩中大量有机质被氧化。其中关键原因是以高岭石为主的黏土矿物的“增白反应”。当层间红色氧化砂体遇到酸性还原性流体,在经历长期稳定/动荡交替的水-岩反应后,形成大量以高岭石为主的黏土矿物,砂体呈现“白色化”,此过程说明灰白色砂体的形成和形态主要受控于成矿流体的性质。成矿流体中的无机流体主要为层间含铀含氧水,可将含矿建造中的铀活化出来并迁移;有机流体中有大量来源于含矿建造中析出的煤成气和深部烃源岩沿裂隙逸散的天然气,成矿流体的氧化还原环境和酸碱性的改变,可直接将层间流体中的高价铀还原为低价铀,同时增加流体H+浓度,可形成大量以高岭石为主的黏土矿物,这是砂体“白色化”的主要成因,黏土矿物的对铀吸附作用,可加速铀的富集。 相似文献
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伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿床,虽然前人对该区铀矿的成矿流体进行了较为系统的研究,但对其成矿流体来源依然存在较大的分歧,尤其对该区成矿流体与蚀变特征、铀成矿的内在联系研究较少。本文为了研究蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体来源及其与成岩蚀变、铀成矿的内在联系,综合地应用了偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段,对其含矿目的层砂岩成岩蚀变进行系统的分析,并对蚀变矿物高岭石H—O同位素、碳酸盐胶结物C—O同位素及黄铁矿S同位素进行了研究。研究表明:与砂岩型铀矿有关的成岩蚀变类型主要有黏土化、碳酸盐化、硅化及金属矿化;成矿流体中水δD_(H_2O,V-SMOW)为-48.3‰~-93‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O,V-SMOW)为-10.3‰~-5.1‰,碳酸盐胶结物δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)为-10.9‰~-7.2‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为17.6‰~24.9‰,黄铁矿δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)为-17.3‰~1.2‰,上述特征揭示蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体是由大气降水性质的地表水(无机)和煤系地层有机质脱羟基及热降解作用产生的有机酸及CH_4等还原性气体(煤层气)(有机)两部分组成;成岩蚀变和铀成矿效应皆是有机—无机流体及流体与周围砂岩相互作用的结果。 相似文献
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伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿床,虽然前人对该区铀矿的成矿流体进行了较为系统的研究,但对其成矿流体来源依然存在较大的分歧,尤其对该区成矿流体与蚀变特征、铀成矿的内在联系研究较少。本文为了研究蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体来源及其与成岩蚀变、铀成矿的内在联系,综合地应用了偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段,对其含矿目的层砂岩成岩蚀变进行系统的分析,并对蚀变矿物高岭石H—O同位素、碳酸盐胶结物C—O同位素及黄铁矿S同位素进行了研究。研究表明：与砂岩型铀矿有关的成岩蚀变类型主要有黏土化、碳酸盐化、硅化及金属矿化;成矿流体中水δDH2O,V SMOW为-48.3‰～-93‰,
δ18OH2O,V SMOW为-10.3‰～-5.1‰,碳酸盐胶结物δ13CV PDB为-10.9‰～-7.2‰,δ18OV SMOW为176‰～249‰,黄铁矿δ34SV CDT为-17.3‰～12‰,上述特征揭示蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体是由大气降水性质的地表水（无机）和煤系地层有机质脱羟基及热降解作用产生的有机酸及CH4等还原性气体（煤层气）（有机）两部分组成;成岩蚀变和铀成矿效应皆是有机—无机流体及流体与周围砂岩相互作用的结果。 相似文献
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伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿床,虽然前人对该矿床含矿层砂岩中高岭石含量、成因及与铀成矿关系等方面开展了研究,但对高岭石及其共生矿物形成机制、高岭石与铀成矿关系等方面研究依然较为薄弱。本文为了研究蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿层砂岩中高岭石形成机制及与铀成矿关系,综合的应用了偏光显微镜、X-衍射、扫描电镜等手段,对其含矿层中高岭石含量、形貌特征进行了系统的研究,并对高岭石H- O同位素与碳酸盐胶结物C- O同位素进行了研究。研究表明:①含矿层普遍发育有强烈的高岭石化,其占黏土总量的58. 0% ~ 93. 0%,并以弱氧化带砂岩中高岭石含量最高;②高岭石主要呈泥晶状、层片状与蠕虫状的形式分布于砂岩粒间孔隙和长石溶蚀空隙中,共生矿物为自生石英、石膏、黄铁矿、铀矿物等;③高岭石D V- SMOW 为-119. 4 ‰~-48. 3‰, 18 O V- SMOW 为10. 9 ‰~13. 7 ‰,碳酸盐胶结物 δ 13 C V- PDB 为-10. 9～-7. 2‰, δ 18 O V- SMOW 为17. 6‰～24. 9‰,表明高岭石是由富含CO 2 大气降水（无机）和煤系地层有机质脱羧基及热降解作用产生的有机酸及CH 4 等还原性气体（煤层气）（有机）与砂岩相互作用的产物,并认为高岭石及其共生矿物是在含矿层埋藏成岩过程中流体与岩石相互作用的结果;④高岭石与铀矿化除了存在直接吸附、间接还原关系,还存在成因上的联系,即高岭石和铀成矿皆是有机-无机流体与砂岩相互作用的结果。 相似文献
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新疆蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体特征及其与铀成矿的关系 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
蒙其古尔铀矿床为大型层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床,前人对其成矿流体来源的研究相对较少。为探讨其成矿流体的性质和来源,笔者利用显微测温学和激光拉曼光谱方法,对其流体包裹体的温度、盐度、密度和成分进行了系统的分析研究,并对其成矿流体的氢、氧同位素及含矿目的层砂岩方解石胶结物的碳、氧同位素组成特征进行了研究。研究表明,该矿床流体包裹体主要有气烃包裹体、液烃包裹体和盐水包裹体,成群分布于砂岩粒间方解石胶结物中,或沿切穿石英颗粒的微裂隙呈线状或带状分布,均一温度为56~76℃,盐度w(NaCleq)为1.23%~19.84%,密度为0.99~1.12 g/cm~3,气体成分以CH_4为主;成矿流体的δD(H_2O)V_SMOW=-93.0‰~-48.3‰,δ~(18)O(H_2O)V_SMOW=-10.3‰~-5.1‰,方解石胶结物的δ~(13)CV_PDB=-10.9‰~-7.2‰,δ~(18)OV_SMOW=17.6‰~24.9‰。上述特征揭示出蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体是由大气降水性质的地表水和煤系地层有机质脱羧基作用产生的有机酸及伴生的CH_4等还原性气体(煤型气)两部分组成,具有低温、盐度跨度大、中等密度及多期叠加等特点,明显有别于深部油气大规模充注。地表含铀含氧水层间渗入与煤系地层产生煤型气等还原性渗出流体的共同作用,形成了蒙其古尔铀矿床。 相似文献
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楚雄盆地铜、盐、有机质相互作用与砂岩铜矿生成 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
矿床的有机地球化学研究表明:楚雄盆地含煤、含铜和含膏盐建造中的有机质在来源、类型和成熟度上是不一致的。成岩期干酪根降解形成的短链羧酸是矿源层中铜活化的重要因素,石油烃是矿质搬运的重要载体。改造成矿期,天水淋滤膏盐展形成富SO_4~(2-)的下渗氧化性流体,为改造成矿提片供了硫源。另一方面,来自基底的含矿流体沿同生断裂上涌,混染煤系地层形成还原性流体,沿次级断裂进入到高渗透的砂岩储集层。当两种流体在砂岩中相遇时,发生氧化-还原作用而形成改造期矿体。 相似文献
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蒙其古尔铀矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体的性质,为矿床成因提供新的依据,本文对该矿床开展了系统的流体包裹体研究。结果表明,石英裂隙中存在的包裹体主要是次生的富液盐水包裹体和含烃水溶液包裹体。包裹体均一温度为51~77℃,平均66.2℃;盐度1.4%~14.04%Na Cleq,平均4.49%Na Cleq;成矿流体密度0.98~1.04g/cm3,平均1.01g/cm3,说明成矿流体为低温低盐度中密度流体,具有大气降水成因的性质。计算得出成矿压力为(38.74~80.48)×105Pa,平均53.31×105Pa,成矿深度为0.13~0.26km,平均0.18km。从而推断蒙其古尔铀矿床属于低温浅成后生表生铀矿床。 相似文献
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勘查和研究发现部分砂岩型铀矿床中不仅有表生氧化流体作用还存在深部流体的参与,这类砂岩型铀矿床蚀变类型多样且成因复杂.塔木素砂岩型铀矿表生流体和深部流体活动都很明显,砂岩普遍固结且后生蚀变类型独特,因此,恢复成岩成矿事件及其演化过程,对揭示铀沉淀富集机理至关重要.本文通过镜下鉴定、电子探针、扫描电镜分析等,系统研究了塔木素矿床含矿砂岩成岩作用特征与后生蚀变矿物生成序列,重塑了成岩成矿事件的演化过程.研究结果显示,塔木素矿床砂岩中压实作用较弱而胶结作用很强,重结晶作用普遍,是造成目的层致密的主要原因,赤铁矿、褐铁矿化、碳酸盐化、石膏化是该地区主要的胶结类型.将该地区的成岩演化划分为沉积-早成岩阶段、早期氧化流体作用阶段、热流体改造阶段和晚期氧化流体弱改造阶段.成岩环境由弱碱性向酸性环境转变的过程中的氧化还原过渡部位是造成铀沉淀的关键,大规模的氧化作用是矿床形成的基础,后期热流体活动对早期形成的低品位铀矿石进行叠加改造,是成矿的关键环节. 相似文献
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新疆十红滩砂岩型铀矿床基本特征及成因分析 总被引：29，自引：9，他引：29
新疆十红滩铀矿床是中国近年发现的层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿床。该矿床位于吐鲁番—哈密盆地西南部的艾丁湖斜坡带西侧,赋矿地层为中侏罗统西山窑组辫状河—曲流河相的含煤碎屑岩系;矿体严格受发育于河道砂体中的层间氧化带前锋线控制,矿体形态呈卷状或板状;含矿岩石主要为灰—深灰色疏松和次疏松细—粗粒长石石英砂岩,铀主要以吸附形式存在;全岩Pb同位素测定的主成矿年龄为24 Ma。研究认为:晚侏罗世后,持续干热气候条件下,层间氧化带的充分发育,高含氧水在富铀地层砂体中持续向前运移,在富还原剂地球化学障形成铀沉淀富集,是该铀矿床的成因。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
20.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献