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1.
2016年夏季黄、渤海颗粒有机碳的分布特征及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文根据2016年6-7月黄、渤海航次获得的调查数据，分析了黄、渤海海域颗粒有机碳（POC）的浓度变化、空间分布特征并结合盐度、叶绿素a、POC/PON、POC/Chl a平面分布特征和相关性分析，探讨了黄、渤海海域POC的来源和影响因素。结果表明:2016年夏季渤海海域POC平均浓度（500.2±226.5）μg/L，北黄海POC平均浓度（358.2±101.5）μg/L，南黄海POC平均浓度（321.0±158.1）μg/L，渤海海域POC浓度高于黄海，整个海域POC浓度表层高于底层。POC的平面分布特征为近岸高，外海低。调查海域表层POC/PON均值为8.89，POC/Chl a均值为182.52；中层POC/PON均值为8.87，POC/Chl a均值为179.56；底层POC/PON均值为9.41，POC/Chl a均值为178.80。黄海海域浒苔衰败对POC/PON与POC/Chl a影响较大。相关性分析结果表明渤海海域盐度、总悬浮物和叶绿素a与POC存在显著的相关性，是影响POC分布的主要控制因素。南黄海除表层POC浓度与盐度、总悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度有很好的相关性外，中层和底层POC浓度与盐度、总悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度不存在显著的相关性。渤海海域POC主要受陆源和浮游植物共同影响，浮游植物是POC的主要贡献者，而黄海海域POC受长江冲淡水、黄海暖流、苏北沿岸流、生物活动和底层沉积物等多种因素影响，其中苏北近岸和青岛外海，有机碎屑为POC的主要贡献者。 相似文献
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2011 年春夏季黄、东海浮游植物粒级结构 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
通过2011年4月和8月利用"科学三号"考察船在黄、东海海域开展的春、夏季综合调查,研究了黄、东海浮游植物粒级结构的分布格局及其时空变动规律,探讨重要环境因子的变动对浮游植物粒级结构的影响。结果表明,春季表层水体中小型、微型和微微型粒级叶绿素a浓度的范围分别为0—4.36、0.02—2.27、0—2.66mg/m3,平均叶绿素a的浓度分别为0.56、0.31和0.14mg/m3,对叶绿素a总量的贡献率分别为55.4%、30.8%和13.8%。夏季表层由大至小3个粒级浮游植物叶绿素a浓度范围分别为:0—6.78、0—2.59、0—0.86mg/m3,平均叶绿素a含量依次为0.50、0.24和0.07mg/m3,对叶绿素a总量的贡献率分别为61.8%、30.1%和8.1%。春季小型浮游植物叶绿素a浓度的垂直分布较为均匀,微型和微微型浮游植物浓度随深度增加呈现逐渐下降趋势。夏季叶绿素a浓度出现明显分层现象,10m层以上小型和微型浮游植物浓度较高,10m层之下浓度迅速降低。微微型浮游植物浓度在不同水层都保持较低水平。受黄、东海不同季节水团影响而引起的温、盐以及营养盐分布格局的变化是影响黄、东海浮游植物粒级结构组成的重要因素。 相似文献
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2006—2007年夏、冬季浙东海域叶绿素a分布特征及其环境影响因子 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为更清楚了解浙东海域浮游植物的初级生产力情况,于2006年8月(夏季)和2007年1月(冬季)在浙东海域28°00′～30°00′N、122°00′～127°30′E设置了3条调查断面,共布设25个观测站位,现场采用荧光连续法对叶绿素a进行测定,初步研究了该海域叶绿素a的空间分布特征,并探讨了水体温度、营养盐和浊度对叶绿素a分布的影响。结果表明:夏季,叶绿素a分布趋势为近岸(平均质量浓度为2.01μg/L)>外海(平均质量浓度为0.52μg/L),其主要垂直分布类型为递增型、递减型和单峰型;冬季,叶绿素a分布趋势为外海(平均质量浓度为0.50μg/L)>近岸(平均质量浓度为0.33μg/L),主要垂直分布类型为递增型、均匀型、单峰型和双峰型。夏季调查海域浮游植物叶绿素a平均质量浓度为0.93μg/L,明显高于冬季(0.46μg/L)。温度、营养盐和浊度是影响研究区夏、冬季叶绿素a分布的主要环境因子。 相似文献
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在南海北部、大亚湾及珠江口3个不同水体生物-光学数据的基础上, 研究了浮游植物粒径结构的变化特征, 建立了基于浮游植物吸收光谱提取的浮游植物粒径参数(S<f>)的混合光谱模型。南海海区不同的水体环境下浮游植物的粒级结构有着很大的差异: 在河口和沿岸水体小型浮游植物占优势, 在外海水体微微型浮游植物占优势。浮游植物粒径参数随小型浮游植物增多而减少, 随微微型浮游植物增多而增大。叶绿素a浓度从外海到沿岸逐渐增大, 浮游植物粒径参数随叶绿素a浓度的增大而减小, 它们之间呈幂函数关系。结果表明, 利用混合光谱模型得到的浮游植物粒径参数与南海海区不同水体的生物-光学特征(粒级结构Rpico和Rmicro、粒级指数SI、叶绿素a浓度)有一定的相关性。具体的相关性表示为: S<f>与粒级结构(Rpico和Rmicro)存在一定的关系, 与小型浮游植物和微微型浮游植物之间的线性相关系数分别是0.55和0.65; S<f>与浮游植物粒级指数(SI)有较好的线性关系, 相关系数是0.57; S<f>与叶绿素a浓度呈幂函数关系, 相关系数是0.64。这个混合光谱模型为从光学参数反演浮游植物种群的生态学信息提供了有效的手段, 同时又可用于分析浮游植物优势粒径结构对光学特性的影响。 相似文献
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2014年冬季对西太平洋雅浦区Y3海山及其邻近大洋海域不同粒径浮游植物叶绿素a浓度进行了现场观测,同时结合温度、盐度、营养盐数据,分析了Y3海山区总叶绿素a浓度分布情况,不同粒级浮游植物对总叶绿素a浓度的贡献率及其与环境因子的关系,并与热带西太平洋大洋区(DY断面)进行了比较。结果表明:Y3海山A、B断面与DY断面水体平均叶绿素a浓度相差不大,分别为0.057、0.054和0.051mg/m3,A、B和DY三个断面各水层(0、30、75、100、150和200m)叶绿素a浓度变化范围分别为0.009—0.205、0.005—0.236和0.007—0.229mg/m3。不同粒级浮游植物的叶绿素a占总叶绿素a的比例从大到小依次为微微型浮游植物、微型浮游植物和小型浮游植物,三者在各断面的比例分别为A断面:59.97%,25.39%,14.64%;B断面:50.87%,30.70%,18.43%;DY断面:55.87%,29.87%,14.26%。微微型浮游植物在整个调查区域为优势类群,在A、B和DY三个断面的平均浓度分别为0.025、0.026和0.029mg/m3。各站位均有次表层叶绿素a浓度最高值现象,其中Y3海山区西南部和东南部为叶绿素a浓度高值区。洋流、温度和营养盐均对叶绿素a浓度分布有一定的影响。本研究发现海山经典假说不适用于2014年冬季的Y3海山区。 相似文献
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2016年3月对西太平洋马里亚纳区域M2海山浮游植物粒级结构和分粒级初级生产力进行了观测,同时结合温度、盐度和营养盐浓度,研究了M2海山的总叶绿素a浓度的分布规律,不同粒级浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率及其与环境因子的关系,初级生产力结构和分布特征。结果表明：M2海山各水层叶绿素a浓度变化范围分别为0.004—0.304mg/m3,平均叶绿素a浓度为0.094mg/m3。微微型浮游植物在整个调查区域内为最优势类群,对总叶绿素a浓度的贡献率达到了85%,微型浮游植物和小型浮游植物的贡献率均较低,分别为10%和5%。M2海山的叶绿素a浓度最大层均在100m深度附近的次表层,其中西南部和东南部为叶绿素a浓度高值区。M2海山的平均初级生产力为71.31mgC/（m2·d）,初级生产力的主要贡献者为微型和微微型浮游植物,其中微型浮游植物贡献率达到了72%,微微型浮游植物贡献率为28%。M2海山的海山效应不明显,浅海山（<200m）可能对浮游植物的生长存在促进作用。 相似文献
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本文研究夏季珠江口透明胞外聚合颗粒物(TEP)含量以及分布特征.结果表明,珠江口TEP含量(以黄原胶物质的量计算,下同)范围在85.0-1234.9μg·L-1之间,平均值为690.9μg·L-1.表层和底层TEP均值分别为562.3μg·L-1和778.2μg·L-1,大部分站位表层TEP含量略低于底层.TEP在表层分布自上游至下游逐渐递增,而向外海以及人海口东西两侧延伸逐渐降低.内河口为底层TEP含量高值区,虎门附近S3站TEP含量最高.TEP与不同粒径浮游植物叶绿素a的相关性分析表明微型浮游植物(粒径3-20μm)可能对珠江口TEP贡献较大.珠江口TEP/Ch1a比值与活性硅酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐和总磷浓度呈现负相关性;表层TEP/Ch1a比值与盐度呈现正相关性,这表明盐度和营养盐可能是影响TEP含量的重要因素. 相似文献
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浮游植物的分粒级研究是监测浮游植物特征的重要工具，对于深入了解浮游植物动态的作用也不容忽视。本文的研究目的在于揭示长江口邻近海域春秋季不同粒级的浮游植物分布动态，分析浮游植物粒级结构与环境因素以及浮游动物群落结构的关系。通过2010年春季和秋季对粒径分级叶绿素a浓度的现场调查研究发现：春季，浮游植物主要以微型浮游植物占优势；秋季，微微型浮游植物和微型浮游植物共同占优势。相关分析结果表明，温度和富营养化状况是影响微型和微微型浮游植物对总叶绿素a贡献的重要因素。浮游动物的摄食压力可能对小型浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献起着重要的作用。 相似文献
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胶州湾浮游植物粒级结构及其时空变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于2003—2010年间对胶州湾分粒级叶绿素a浓度的连续观测,系统研究了胶州湾浮游植物粒级结构的季节变化、年际变化及长期变化特征。结果表明,胶州湾表层浮游植物粒级组成以小型和微型浮游植物为主,其浓度由东北部和北部向湾中间及湾外逐渐递减。不同区域分粒级叶绿素a浓度的季节与年际变化规律相似。小型和微型浮游植物表现出明显的双峰型季节变化,小型浮游植物的高峰值通常出现在冬季,而微型浮游植物则出现在夏季。长期变化结果表明,冬季小型浮游植物所占比例自90年代起表现为增加的趋势,而夏季的变化规律与冬季相反,自1998年开始,小型浮游植物所占比例下降,微型浮游植物比例有所上升。春季和秋季小型和微型浮游植物的贡献率没有表现出明显的升高或降低趋势,但微微型浮游植物的贡献率在2000年之后显著低于2000年之前。统计分析结果表明,温度、营养盐浓度与结构是影响胶州湾浮游植物粒级结构变动的重要因素。 相似文献
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2009年2月在南海北部海域现场观测粒度分级叶绿素a质量浓度和初级生产力(PP)的分布。结果表明,调查海域水柱平均叶绿素a质量浓度的变化范围为0.11～8.37 mg/m3,平均为(1.28±2.23) mg/m3,高值区出现在珠江口及近岸海域;初级生产力的范围为344.8～1 222.5 mgC/(m2·d),平均为(784.2±351.4) mgC/(m2·d),高值区位于近岸及陆架海域。浮游植物粒度分级测定结果表明,在生物量较高的近岸海域,叶绿素a的粒级结构以小型浮游植物占优势,其贡献率为40.9%,微型和微微型浮游植物对总叶绿素a的贡献率分别为34.6%和24.5%;而在生物量较低的陆坡和开阔海域,各粒级浮游植物对叶绿素a的贡献率由大到小依次为微微型浮游植物(78.9%),微型浮游植物(17.2%)和小型浮游植物(3.9%)。相关性分析结果表明,调查海域分级叶绿素a的区域化分布特征与洋流运动下营养盐的分布密切相关,同时叶绿素a又高度影响着此区域PP的分布。此外,我们将调查海域实测所得浮游植物最佳光合作用速率与采用垂向归一化初级生产力模型估算的数据进行对比,发现后者明显低于前者,这说明通过水温估算最佳光合作用速率的算法在冬季南海北部可能存在低估。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
17.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
19.
A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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