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海底峡谷是陆源沉积物向深海运移的主要通道,也是陆架/陆坡区重要的地貌单元。随着多波束测深技术的发展,如何快速而准确地从海量数据中识别并提取海底峡谷的特征要素,是一个亟待解决的重要热点问题。文中根据海底峡谷谷底下切、谷壁高而陡等地形特征,基于水文分析法和坡度分析等原理,通过ArcGIS中的数据建模工具建立了一种从数字高程模型(DEM)数据快速识别和提取海底峡谷特征要素的方法。以南海北部陆坡神狐峡谷区为例进行算例分析,结果表明,该方法在快速了解海底峡谷的发育位置和特征要素等方面是可行的,并可以获得峡谷头尾部水深、轴线长度、峡谷范围等特征信息。为获得该方法适用于研究区的最优参数组,文中讨论分析了峡谷形态、重分类阈值及数据分辨率等影响峡谷识别的因素。结果分析表明,峡谷形态会在一定程度上影响识别结果的准确性,但不影响对峡谷的总体了解;零值汇流累积量重分类阈值和DEM数据的空间分辨率是影响峡谷识别结果准确度的两个重要因素,在神狐峡谷群区,空间分辨率200 m且重分类阈值0.4时,海底峡谷识别和特征要素提取效果最佳。 相似文献
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全海洋浅地层剖面仪及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全海洋浅地层剖面仪(Topographic Parametric Sonar,TOPAS)PS 018系统是目前世界上最先进的浅地层剖面仪之一。该系统是全海洋宽带非线性差频浅地层剖面仪,可对海底地层进行全方位测量,同时还兼有测量水深的功能,最大地层穿透深度为150 m,最小分辨率为0.3 m。系统多种发射信号(Ricker波、Burst波和Chirp波)的选取方便了操作者使用,从理论上实现了全海洋测量功能。从实测剖面分析,该系统是中、深水地层测量的理想测量系统。 相似文献
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基于船载多波束测深、浅地层剖面和深水浅层高分辨多道地震剖面等数据资料,以我国第一个深水气田—荔湾3-1气田海底管道路由区深水段(200m)为研究区,划分海底地形地貌分区,识别可能危害海底管道的地质灾害类型,分析其特征与分布规律。结果表明,研究区内主要地质灾害类型为海底峡谷、海底滑坡和滑塌、古珊瑚礁、海底沙波和大波痕、海底陡坎、断崖和陡坡、碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积等。其中,海底滑坡和滑塌在上陆坡和峡谷谷壁上十分发育,海底滑坡(滑塌)、古珊瑚礁和沙波(沙丘)等影响和威胁着海底管道的铺设与安全运行。 相似文献
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声学地层剖面深水探测研究与开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深水浅部地层精细探测是深海地质勘探与资源开发的重要调查内容。与浅水海域声学地层剖面探测相比,深水地层剖面探测会遇到严重的能量衰减、大数据量长时间反射序列采样、纵向地层分辨率降低以及横向空间覆盖率偏稀等问题,为解决这些问题,国外仪器商采用了不同的方法。采取重采样减少数据量会严重影响纵向分辨率;采取MultiPing技术可以很好解决横向空间覆盖率问题,但多Ping接收采用海底追踪变深度范围采集会造成反射同相轴跳跃突变,或采用短时间间隔采集会造成回波数据无法准确计算海底深度。为了解决这些技术问题,作者研究开发了相关的技术处理方法,解决MultiPing技术反射同相轴拼接改正处理和海底深度记录延迟处理,这些问题的解决为深水浅部地层精细探测提供了技术保障。 相似文献
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2003年11月,黄河水下三角洲2条海底电缆断裂,推测与该区域冲蚀沟较为发育有关。通过多波束测深、浅地层剖面探测、侧扫声呐调查等物探调查方法对埕岛海区开展地质调查,以揭示黄河三角洲地区海底滑坡诱发条件。研究发现:埕岛海区海底存在多条冲蚀沟,软弱土层较为发育,冲蚀沟地层扰动较为明显;通过波浪海流对海底土体的影响分析,判断不同水深和不同土体在浪潮流作用下海底冲蚀沟的发育程度,得出海底滑坡的诱发条件,结合人类活动和海底自然坡度等因素的影响,分析研究区仍然具有发生海底滑坡的可能性。 相似文献
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我所研制成功了具有当今国际先进水平的脉冲压缩式浅地层剖面仪（ＰＣＳＢＰ），又称Ｃｈｒｉｐ浅地层剖面仪。又称Ｃｈｉｒｐ浅地层剖面仪。它能同时提高地层穿透深度和地层分辨率，其定量化测量特性特别适合于定量研究海底介质的各种特性。本文介绍该仪器的工作原理、结构、性能、特点和使用结果。 相似文献
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黄河的高含沙量和尾闾的频繁摆动,形成了独具特色的黄河三角洲。利用精密的测深仪,高分辨率的浅地层剖面仪和侧扫声纳等设备同步扫测所获取的记录,研究了黄河三角洲侵蚀性岸段水下岸坡的地质灾害及其空间分布特征。探测研究表明,研究区发育的地质灾害主要有冲蚀构造、凹坑与洼地、海底滑坡、海底刺穿、不均匀地层(切蚀-填充构造、声学透明层)、埋藏冲沟和古河道。地质灾害在空间分布上呈现平行岸线的带状分布,按水深可划分为3个区域。6 m水深以浅区域,主要发育冲蚀构造,且冲沟、边缘陡坎和蚀余构造相间分布。6~14 m水深区域,主要发育凹坑与洼地、海底滑坡、海底刺穿和分布广泛的声学透明层。14 m水深以外区域,主要发育埋藏冲沟和古河道,其形成主要与海平面上升有关。 相似文献
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近年来，参量阵浅地层剖面以其简便的野外采集方式、高分辨率的浅部地层成像能力，迅速发展为海底浅层天然气水合物探测的有效方法。为了更好地获取东海浅层天然气水合物赋存区的地质信息，针对参量阵浅地层剖面数据开展了精细化处理。首先将异常振幅压制和空间振幅均衡等方法有机结合，解决了数据中的各种噪音和能量不均衡等问题，然后利用Hilbert变换提高地层分辨率，最后利用信号增强技术进一步提高同相轴连续性，获得了波组特征更清晰的地震剖面。处理后的参量阵浅地层剖面具有信噪比较高、连续性好、地层结构清晰等特点，可以更好地揭示空白带、气烟囱、亮点和火焰状异常等地震反射特征，为识别浅层天然气水合物赋存区地质信息奠定基础。对精细处理后的数据进一步开展曲率属性、瞬时振幅属性、相干属性等地震属性分析，结果显示，与浅层天然气水合物渗漏相关的声学异常能够被清晰地识别出来。此项研究一方面验证了参量阵浅地层剖面数据处理方法的可行性，另一方面也探索了属性分析技术在海底浅层天然气水合物识别方面的应用。 相似文献
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Submarine landslide and even its evolution to high-speed sliding masses can seriously threaten the safety of ocean engineering. Earthquakes are the most frequent trigger factors for landslides, and thus, seismic instability evaluation of submarine slopes has become a hot topic. However, the mechanism of submarine slope failures triggered by earthquakes is enormously complex. Although certain satisfactory results have been achieved in specific slopes, submarine landslides are still difficult to monitor and control, meaning that prevention-oriented research remains the mainstream. Regional slide predictive analyses of vast submarine slopes should be emphasized, but relevant research is notably rare. In this paper, a regional assessment methodology for submarine slope instabilities under seismic loads is proposed, and susceptibility mapping of landslides is established. First, considering the quasi-static bidirectional seismic action and the marine soil strength-weakening effect, an infinite slope sliding mode is used to establish the stability evaluation formula for a multiple soil-layer slope. Second, according to water depth data and GIS techniques, slope gradients are investigated, and the safety factors of submarine slopes located at specific stations are acquired. Furthermore, discrete stations are taken as sample points, and susceptibility mapping of submarine landslides is achieved using the inverse distance weighted and GIS techniques. Finally, regional seismic instability assessments of submarine slopes are conducted in the northeastern South China Sea, and various factors that influence submarine landslides are briefly discussed. This study offers an important basis for the development of marine resources and the risk assessments in ocean engineering. 相似文献
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海底滑坡会对海洋工程结构物造成严重破坏。滑移速度和距离是量化和分析海底滑坡的两个重要参数。目前BING等计算方法在模拟水下土体流动方面存在局限性,因此通过建立考虑土体固结和侵蚀效应的控制方程,选用摩擦流变模型,采用SPH深度积分算法,对海底滑坡进行了模拟研究。对比不同水深、坡度、接触摩擦系数和侵蚀率条件下的滑移体的速度、高度、长度的时程曲线,整理了最大滑移距离和速度,讨论变化规律。研究成果可为海底滑坡灾害预警和海底管线路由选址提供技术参考。 相似文献
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The properties of marine sediments vary spatially, and the undrained shear strength of marine clay increases linearly with depth because of depositional processes and the effective overburden pressure. To evaluate the stability of submarine slope considering the spatial variability of soil strength, the random field discretized by the Karhunen-Loève expansion is combined with the limit equilibrium method to conduct reliability analysis. For simplicity, our physical model does not include many complexities such as the effects of excess pore water pressure on the stability of submarine slopes. Stability estimates of the infinite slope model, under both static and seismic loading, are made with three types of one-dimensional stationary or non-stationary random fields. The two-dimensional slope model is also analyzed, where the shear strength varies with the positions of the strips because of the discrete random-field function for the soil material. In submarine slope reliability analysis, the non-stationary random field of the linearly increasing soil strength is used, instead of the commonly used stationary one. To obtain the failure probability through Monte Carlo simulations, a novel response surface method based on Gaussian process regression is introduced to build the surrogate model. The computational efficiency is significantly increased, because there is a considerable reduction of calls of the deterministic analysis. Therefore, the proposed method makes the prediction of submarine landslides which are usually rare events with very small probabilities more efficient. 相似文献
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AbstractWith the continuous expansion of energy demand, the deep-water continental slope in the northern South China Sea has become one of the significant offshore oil and gas exploration regions. The frequent occurrence of marine geological hazards in this region, especially submarine landslides, can cause serious damage to engineering facilities. However, there have been few studies on the stability of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea; these studies mainly focused on a specific submarine slope or small-range evaluation, resulting in a lack of large-scale and quantitative understanding. Hence, considering the variation in the physical and mechanical properties of marine soils with depth, formulas for calculating the safety factor of submarine slopes by an infinite sliding model are established, and the factors affecting slope stability such as soil properties, slope gradient and horizontal seismic action are systematically investigated. Using GIS techniques, the terrain slope gradients and a historical seismic database of the northern South China Sea are obtained. Combined with soil mechanical parameters, a regional stability evaluation of the northern continental slope is carried out. Furthermore, the distribution of risk zones is given. On the whole, under strong seismic action, large-scale submarine slope instability occurs and must be highly considered when assessing risk. This achievement is of great significance to engineering sites, route selection and engineering risk assessment. 相似文献
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With the development of marine energy in full swing, an increasing number of pipelines are being installed in deep-sea areas, which inevitably pass through extremely complex topographic conditions, to form natural sections of suspension over submarine canyons. The seabed is easily eroded and shaped by active deep-sea bottom currents and watercourses, resulting in different span heights for pipelines originally laid on the seabed. In particularly, deep-sea geological hazards frequently occur, and submarine landslides seriously threaten the safe operation of the pipelines. To address these problems, an improved numerical analysis method combined with low-temperature rheological models of landslides and the optimization design method of the geometric model, is developed to simulate the landslides’ impacts on pipelines. Based on these, the effect of the span heights on the pipelines’ impact forces induced by deep-sea landslides is systematically investigated, and three modes of the forces on pipelines under the impact of landslides and related mechanism are proposed. Further, the span height ratio is put forward, and four formulas for evaluating the forces on pipeline are established. Through the analysis of calculation results, the lift force coefficient even increases nearly 20 times considering different span heights. This research provides a theoretical basis for the design and protection of deep-sea pipelines. 相似文献
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海底斜坡稳定性受风暴潮、海底地震等诸多不确定因素影响,易发生失稳破坏,产生较大的海洋地质灾害。简要介绍海底斜坡稳定性分析方法,建立曹妃甸深槽典型斜坡计算模型,确定了模型计算的海底地形参数、地层结构参数、土体物理力学参数等指标,利用GEO-SLOPE斜坡分析软件进行海底斜坡稳定性定量计算,分析了工程建设前自然状态下以及在大规模工程建设后海底斜坡稳定性,并模拟分析了在大风浪和地震等极端条件下斜坡的稳定性,确定了海底斜坡失稳空间特征。首次采用数值计算对曹妃甸海底斜坡稳定性进行定量分析评价,可以为类似近海建设工程提供重要的参考作用。 相似文献
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针对海底地形复杂程度分类问题,在考虑传统水深均值的基础上引入坡度和起伏度两个地形因子作为表征海底地形复杂程度的分类指标并进行量化,对水深数据空间分辨率进行统一,建立包含18种典型海底特征的海底地形复杂度分类库,利用BP神经网络对建立的分类库进行训练学习。为验证该方法的有效性和适用性,选取地形复杂度不同的4块实验区分别采用统计学方法和BP神经网络算法进行海底地形复杂度进行分类,对比发现该方法可以实现海区海底平坦、一般、复杂三种地形的自动识别与分类,并保留实验区海底地形复杂度细节信息。 相似文献
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海底滑坡作为常见的海洋地质灾害,对海洋油气工程安全产生巨大威胁。海床土体失稳引起滑坡体滑动,会对海底管道产生拖曳作用。基于计算流体动力学方法(CFD)建立海底滑坡体对管道作用的评估模型,采用H-B模型描述块状滑坡体并与试验比较验证,分析不同海床倾斜度滑坡对管道的作用并拟合表达式;研究了海底管道在滑坡作用下的力学响应,并采用极限状态方法开展海底滑坡作用下管道结构极限安全分析,探讨了管道埋地状态时的极限安全界限,建立滑坡作用下管道结构安全分析方法。研究表明:滑坡对管道作用力与海床倾角呈现正相关,而覆土层厚度对作用力影响较小;随着不排水抗剪强度的减小,允许的滑坡宽度和速度均增加,表明土体不排水抗剪强度与引起的拖曳力呈正相关;滑坡土体宽度对极限安全速度影响较大。 相似文献