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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,51(9)
非粘结柔性立管结构形式复杂,层与层之间涉及摩擦、接触等非线性特性,使其数值模拟方面很难同时保证效率与精度。针对柔性立管特殊的结构形式,本文建立不同角度螺旋键的非粘结柔性立管高效分析简化模型,通过Ansys workbench软件分析非粘结柔性立管在内压和拉伸、扭转、弯曲的组合荷载工况下螺旋键缠绕角度对其刚度的影响。结果表明:本文所建立的立管简化分析模型与立管原型的力学性能吻合较好,并且可以提高计算效率;螺旋键缠绕角度越大,立管的扭转刚度越大,拉伸刚度与弯曲刚度越小;内压的施加对拉伸刚度、扭转刚度和弯曲刚度是有利的,内压对于弯曲刚度有较明显的增加,对拉伸刚度和扭转刚度有较小程度的增加。 相似文献
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在柔性管运输、铺设安装和服役过程中,由于其抗拉铠装层钢带为柔性细长螺旋结构,当外部载荷超过临界值时,抗拉铠装层钢带容易发生屈曲失效。考虑非线性材料、几何大变形、层间接触和摩擦等非线性效应的影响,运用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了63.5 mm典型非黏结柔性管8层完整结构模型,研究了在抗拉铠装层不同层间摩擦系数的情况下,非黏结柔性管在轴向压缩载荷作用下的力学性能和屈曲失效模式。研究结果表明,层间摩擦系数对非黏结柔性管的抗压刚度和抗拉铠装层屈曲失效模式有较大影响,层间摩擦系数以0.1和0.2为分界点,抗压刚度和屈曲失效模式均呈现出“三段式”变化规律。研究成果可为海洋非黏结柔性管的结构设计和屈曲失效评估提供技术参考。 相似文献
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玻纤增强柔性管作为一种新型海底油气输送管道,具有比强度高、柔度大和抗腐蚀性强等特点,因此在深海油气开发中具有非常广阔的应用前景。玻纤增强柔性管主要由内衬层、增强层和外保护层组成,其中增强层的等效模拟是玻纤增强柔性管设计成功与否的关键。根据玻纤增强柔性管的结构特征和材料特性,选取了四种不同的等效简化模型,对比研究了玻纤增强柔性管在轴向拉压荷载、弯曲荷载以及内压荷载作用下的力学性能。将不同简化模型的计算结果与相应的试验数据进行对比,进行等效模型的优选。研究结果表明,在内压载荷和弯曲载荷作用下,基于Halpin-Tsai模型数值结果与试验结果最为接近。在轴向载荷作用下,采用分离式模型或回形模型计算精度更高,若材料达到屈服状态时,则建议采用分离式模型进行模拟。 相似文献
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近年来海洋复合柔性管道逐渐在海洋工程中崭露头角。相对于钢管,复合柔性管凭借其弯曲性能好、重量轻、抗腐蚀能力强等一系列优异的性能在油气开采领域不断受到青睐。本文研究对象为一种三层粘结型玻璃纤维增强的热塑性复合柔性管,该类型管道包含外保护层(高密度聚乙烯HDPE)、中间复合材料增强层以及内衬层(高密度聚乙烯HDPE)。研究内容主要基于三维弹性理论和复合材料层合板理论,建立了玻纤增强热塑性复合柔性管的理论计算模型,推导了复合柔性管在轴对称载荷作用下的平衡微分方程,主要分析了管体在内压载荷作用下的应力与变形规律,并将理论计算结果与ABAQUS数值模拟结果进行比较分析,结论表明理论计算与数值仿真结果具有较好的一致性。最后基于该理论模型,研究了内衬层(外保护层)与增强层相对厚度对柔性管应力和变形的影响规律,结果表明管道的增强层为主要承载构件,在增强层纤维方向的应力远大于其他方向的应力,随着增强层从内向外扩展,纤维方向的应力逐渐减小,且内衬层(外保护层)厚度对管道整体的力学性能几乎没有影响。 相似文献
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深海柔性立管涡激振动问题广受关注,其中多立管涡激振动较传统单立管涡激振动更为复杂。使用基于Open FOAM自主开发的深海柔性立管流固耦合求解器viv-FOAM-SJTU,对阶梯流中串列双立管涡激振动展开研究。首先针对阶梯流中串列双立管模型试验工况开展验证计算,下游立管的位移响应以及频率响应与试验结果基本吻合;而后改变立管浸没长度,分别选取浸没长度为0.4L(工况1)、0.55L(工况2)以及0.7L(工况3)的三种工况进行数值计算,其中L为立管长度。数值结果表明:3种浸没长度下,上下游立管的横流向振动均为一阶模态,且工况2和工况3中上下游立管的横流向位移均方根均大于工况1;上下游立管的顺流向主振模态在工况2和工况3中均为二阶,而在工况1中为一阶,且下游立管在工况2和工况3中的顺流向振动均表现出明显的多模态振动特性。 相似文献
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中国氢能产业正随着碳中和愿景的不断推进而快速发展,由于氢气在钢管中容易引发“氢脆”现象,使用钢管输送氢气存在较大挑战,纤维增强复合柔性管作为一种非金属管道在氢气输送领域备受关注,其结构设计及强度分析是产业化应用的瓶颈。为探讨内压工况下输氢复合柔性管的结构响应,考虑不同层材料的各向同性及各向异性,基于三维各向异性弹性力学,建立了纤维增强输氢复合管道在内压作用下的力学理论模型,并采用数学方法求解管道位移微分方程,进而获得了N层缠绕增强层输氢复合管道在内压作用下的应力应变解析解,计算结果与内压作用下13层输氢复合柔性管的数值计算结果相符。管道的环向应力最大值出现在防渗透层,输氢软管的增强层承担约70%的载荷作用,径向应力绝对值大小随距离管道截面中心点的距离增大而减小。提出的力学行为分析模型及求解方法为设计输氢复合柔性管提供了重要的理论支撑。 相似文献
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脐带缆是连接平台或浮式生产系统与海底油井的控制管缆,缆芯由管单元、光纤单元、电缆单元、以及填充单元组装而成,缆体外层由铠装钢丝螺旋缠绕和聚合物护套组成。基于ANSYS有限元软件,建立无铠装含填充的钢管脐带缆三维有限元模型,在自由端可扭转、不可扭转约束条件下,计算模型的拉伸刚度,将拉伸刚度的数值模拟与理论结果进行对比,验证有限元模型的正确性;分析比较含填充与不含填充两种截面形式脐带缆模型的力学性能,结果表明:填充单元、拉伸率对脐带缆模型的拉伸刚度、最大等效应力模拟结果均有影响。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献