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1.
安徽庐枞中生代火山岩系的特征及其形成的构造背景   总被引:15,自引:6,他引:15  
孙冶东  杨荣勇 《岩石学报》1994,10(1):94-103
庐枞地区中生代火山岩素是一套由粗面玄武岩-玄武粗安岩-粗安岩-粗面岩组成的岩石组合。岩石硅近饱和,全碱含量(尤其是K2O)高,K2O/Na2O、Fe2O3/FeO比值大,Al2O3含量高且变化大,TiO2含量低,富集Rb、Sr、Ba、Zr、Th、U和LREE等元素,稀土配分为轻稀土富集型,锶、铅、氧等同位素显示了岩浆的幔源特征。本文通过详细的岩石化学和地球化学的对比研究,认为庐枞中生代火山岩系属于橄榄玄粗岩系,它形成于活动大陆边缘由挤压作用向引张作用转变的过渡时期,是火山弧后拉张形成的前裂谷阶段的产物。  相似文献   

2.
西南极利文斯顿岛百耳斯半岛中生代火山岩地球化学特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郑祥身  李钟益 《岩石学报》1998,14(4):503-519
西南极利文斯顿岛百耳斯半岛中生代火山岩是晚侏罗纪至晚白垩纪三期火山活动的产物。岩石普遍贫钾,轻稀土元素略为富集,但轻重稀土分馏不强烈;Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素(LIL)明显富集,Nb和Ta明显亏损,过渡金属族元素Cr和Ni强烈亏损,表明它们属于火山弧环境中生成的钙碱性系列岩石。白垩纪中期和白垩纪晚期岩石的87Sr/86Sr比值主要在0.7039~0.7053之间变化,εNd>0,87Sr/86Sr相对1/Sr、Rb、K和SiO2等的变化不大,表明其源区岩浆可能直接来自上地幔,很少受到壳源物质的混染。而晚侏罗纪火山岩的Sr同位素比值较高,说明早期岩浆可能受到少量地壳物质的混染。但在Th/Ta-Th和Th/Sm-Th图解上所有岩石的投影点分布趋势相同,趋势线的斜率>0。百耳斯半岛中生代火山岩是上地幔部分熔融生成的同源岩浆不同期的产物  相似文献   

3.
赣东北地区晚元古代钾玄岩岩石学特征及成因   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Sm-Nd同位素测龄研究表明,赣东北广丰地区桃源组火山岩的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为(1100±168)Ma,形成时代应归属晚元古代,与扬子、华夏两板块在晋宁期对接造山作用的时间一致。岩石学、岩石地球化学的系统研究表明,该组火山岩富碱、K2O,Al2O3,LREE及地幔不相容元素,属碱性系列中的钾玄岩系列;低εt(Nd)(-4.5±1.9),It(Sr)为0.7048~0.7131,变化范围很大,具壳幔混合成因的Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr同位素组成。笔者研究认为,桃源组钾玄岩系列火山岩是晋宁期岛弧火山岩的重要组成部分。  相似文献   

4.
隋振民 《吉林地质》1995,14(1):23-28
本区中生代火山岩可以分成偏碱性中性火山岩和酸性火山岩两类,二者之间表现出明显的成份间断,构成一个偏碱性中性-酸性双峰式岩系。偏碱性中性火山岩地球化学特征上与榄安粗岩相似,具有富碱(K2O+Na2O),K2O/Na2O比值高以及富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Sr,Ba,P)等特征。本区火山岩形成大陆边缘拉张环境。  相似文献   

5.
大兴安岭北部伊列克得组玄武岩的地球化学特征   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
大兴安岭北部伊列克得组玄岩类具有富碱(K2O+Na2O〉6.37%)、高K2O(2.62%~3.11%),高K2O/Na2O比值(0.7~0.8)和Th/Ta、Ce/Nb、Ta/Nb比值,以及强烈富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE)的特征,属于钾玄质系列,低Sr/Nd比值(13~17.5)的特征类似于洋岛玄武岩,但其Ta/Hf,Th/Ta比值特征及与A型花岗岩共生等特征表明,钾玄  相似文献   

6.
张宏飞  骆庭川 《现代地质》1994,8(4):453-458
扬子克拉通北缘的铁船山岩体形成于新元古代,其岩石类型为霓石-钠铁门石花岗岩,岩石富碱质、St、Fe、REE和高场强元素,而贫Al、Ca、Mg、Sr、Ba、Co、Ni等组分,δEu=0.20,A/KNC=0.85,K2O+Na2O/Al2O3=1.09,A·R=9.28,岩石属典型的A型花岗岩,Nd、Sr和O同位素示踪反映其成岩物质来自于壳幔混合源区。根据区域地质背景的综合分析,岩体形成于活动陆缘的张裂构造环境,属活动板块边缘拉张型花岗岩。  相似文献   

7.
朱玉磷 《岩石学报》1995,11(3):343-351
福建西部震旦系上统变质火山岩属钙碱性系列。REE分布模式均呈向右倾斜的曲线,具Eu负异常,富集大离子系亲石元素和亏损地幔岩相容元素,(86)Sr/(87)Sr初始值0.7105~0.7126,显示陆壳重熔生成的岩浆特点。它们是在浙南-闽西北加里东期挤压碰增造山作用中陆壳重熔岩浆上升喷发产物。  相似文献   

8.
山东中生代橄榄安粗岩系火山岩主要分布在沂沭断裂带及其两侧的断陷型陆相火山盆地中,为早白垩世火山活动的产物.Rb-Sr全岩等时年龄变化于111.4~119.6Ma.岩石组合主要为粗面玄武岩-橄榄安粗岩-安粗岩-粗面岩.这套岩石在化学上具有富碱富钾、富铝贫钛、高氧化系数及富轻稀土和大离子亲石元素的特点,并具有较高的ISr值和明显偏低εNd值.根据对岩石地质、地球化学特征和产出构造环境的详细分析,表明这套岩石的成因应主要是富集型地幔的部分熔融  相似文献   

9.
福建永泰云山晚中生代双峰式火山岩的地球化学及岩石成因   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14  
永泰云山早白垩世石帽山群第I、Ⅱ旋回岩石组合由沉积岩、基性熔岩、酸性火山岩构成,缺乏中性成分的岩石单元,为典型的双峰式岩石组合。其玄武岩富碱(尤其富钾)、富铝、富铁,贫镁,富轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素及亲铁元素,并具偏高的ISr值和显著偏低的εNd(T)值[ISr=0.70682 ̄0.70770,εNd(T)=-7.42 ̄-3.22。流纹质岩石总体具富碱、富硅、富铝,贫铝、贫镁特征,  相似文献   

10.
永泰云山早白垩世石帽山群第I、Ⅱ旋回岩石组合由沉积岩、基性熔岩、酸性火山岩构成,缺乏中性成分的岩石单元,为典型的双峰式岩石组合。其玄武岩富碱(尤其富钾)、富铝、富铁,贫镁,富轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素及亲铁元素,并具偏高的ISr值和显著偏低的εNd(T)值[ISr=0.70682 ̄0.70770,εNd(T)=-7.42 ̄-3.22。流纹质岩石总体具富碱、富硅、富铝,贫铝、贫镁特征,  相似文献   

11.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

14.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈银生 《世界地质》1999,18(1):54-59
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。  相似文献   

15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。   相似文献   

16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。  相似文献   

17.
The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.  相似文献   

18.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

19.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

20.
Mine-water chemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly   总被引:24,自引:3,他引:24  
 Contaminative mine drainage waters have become one of the major hydrogeological and geochemical problems arising from mankind's intrusion into the geosphere. Mine drainage waters in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom are of three main types: (1) saline formation waters; (2) acidic, heavy-metal-containing, sulphate waters derived from pyrite oxidation, and (3) alkaline, hydrogen-sulphide-containing, heavy-metal-poor waters resulting from buffering reactions and/or sulphate reduction. Mine waters are not merely to be perceived as problems, they can be regarded as industrial or drinking water sources and have been used for sewage treatment, tanning and industrial metals extraction. Mine-water problems may be addressed by isolating the contaminant source, by suppressing the reactions releasing contaminants, or by active or passive water treatment. Innovative treatment techniques such as galvanic suppression, application of bactericides, neutralising or reducing agents (pulverised fly ash-based grouts, cattle manure, whey, brewers' yeast) require further research. Received: 13 August 1996 · Accepted: 3 January 1997  相似文献   

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