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利用逐日NCEP/NCAR位势高度场资料,通过Barnes带通滤波对哈尔滨地区2004年7月2日暴雨过程中高度场进行尺度分离。结果表明Barnes带通滤波方法能很好地得到常规资料不易分析出的中尺度天气系统,并分析出中尺度扰动与暴雨落区有很好的对应关系。 相似文献
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利用NCEP再分析资料、地面加密降水资料、雷达资料,采用Shuman-Shapiro滤波方案对2005年8月16日京津冀大暴雨的大尺度流场和中尺度系统进行诊断分析。分析表明：暴雨发生在高低空流场及中低纬系统配置非常有利的天气背景下,是多种尺度天气系统相互作用的结果;在对流性不稳定层结中,冷空气沿等熵面侵入到中尺度辐合系统中,激发了中尺度低涡的迅速发展,在孟加拉湾和南海源源不断输送的水汽配合下,导致了暴雨的发生;中β尺度对流雨团发生在滤波后1000hPa等压面的低涡中心北侧和850hPa中α尺度辐合线南侧,呈现暖式切变的降雨特征。 相似文献
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贵州初夏两次暖区暴雨的对比分析 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°格点再分析资料和FY 2D卫星红外云图云顶亮温TBB资料,对贵州2008年5月25—26日(简称08.05)和2010年6月28—29日(简称10.06)初夏两次暖区暴雨天气过程进行对比分析,探讨两次暴雨发生发展的天气学条件差异。结果表明：暖区暴雨形成时,地面均为热低压控制,地面辐合线加强触发暖区暴雨发生;850 hPa低空急流明显加强,暴雨区位于低空急流左前侧。所不同的是：两次暴雨过程中高层影响天气系统不同,08.05暴雨中层影响系统为高原槽,10.06暴雨中层影响系统为两高切变低涡,高层为南亚高压脊。08.05暴雨过程中,多个β中尺度对流单体独立发展逐渐合并为一个α中尺度对流系统,对流云发展旺盛、伸展高度较高、具有混合相层和暖云层剖面结构,属于积状云为主的混合降水。10.06暴雨,经历了两次β中尺度对流系统的发展和减弱,对流云团呈东北—西南向的带状和椭圆状,对流发展高度较低,具有深厚的暖云层,回波在暴雨区持续时间较长,属于层状云和积状云混合降水。通过对两次暴雨触发机制讨论得出,贵州暖区暴雨预报应着眼于影响贵州的低空急流的建立和加强以及地面低压中辐合线的加强锋生。 相似文献
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西南涡区域暴雨的中尺度滤波分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,采用Barnes带通滤波器,对2010年7月14-18日以及2012年7月3-5日西南涡引发的暴雨天气过程进行了中尺度滤波分析。结果表明,选取恰当的滤波参数,Barnes带通滤波器能够选出含西南涡在内的中尺度天气系统。对西南涡发生、发展、分裂和东移4个阶段的流场进行中尺度滤波分析发现,中尺度滤波可以更好地刻画西南区域的中尺度环流特征。对滤波后资料的螺旋度诊断计算表明,螺旋度的大值区有利于强对流系统以及低涡生成和发展。局地垂直螺旋度的正、负值中心分布可以较好地反映降水落区,雨区发生在局地垂直螺旋度正、负中心之间的梯度大值东侧;降水强度的变化与积分垂直螺旋度量值的变化对应较好。垂直局地螺旋度和积分垂直螺旋度对暴雨的落区和强弱变化有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
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贵州初夏两次暖区暴雨的对比分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°格点再分析资料和FY-2D卫星红外云图云顶亮温TBB资料,对贵州2008年5月25—26日(简称08.05)和2010年6月28—29日(简称10.06)初夏两次暖区暴雨天气过程进行对比分析,探讨两次暴雨发生发展的天气学条件差异。结果表明:暖区暴雨形成时,地面均为热低压控制,地面辐合线加强触发暖区暴雨发生;850 hPa低空急流明显加强,暴雨区位于低空急流左前侧。所不同的是:两次暴雨过程中高层影响天气系统不同,08.05暴雨中层影响系统为高原槽,10.06暴雨中层影响系统为两高切变低涡,高层为南亚高压脊。08.05暴雨过程中,多个β中尺度对流单体独立发展逐渐合并为一个α中尺度对流系统,对流云发展旺盛、伸展高度较高、具有混合相层和暖云层剖面结构,属于积状云为主的混合降水。10.06暴雨,经历了两次β中尺度对流系统的发展和减弱,对流云团呈东北—西南向的带状和椭圆状,对流发展高度较低,具有深厚的暖云层,回波在暴雨区持续时间较长,属于层状云和积状云混合降水。通过对两次暴雨触发机制讨论得出,贵州暖区暴雨预报应着眼于影响贵州的低空急流的建立和加强以及地面低压中辐合线的加强锋生。 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR的1°×1°再分析资料、地面常规观测、FY-2E卫星TBB资料,对2014年5月8—9日发生在华南南部的一次暖区暴雨过程进行了研究。得出以下结论:1)第1阶段暴雨发生变性高压脊后部,未受冷空气影响,属于华南典型的回流暖区暴雨过程,第2阶段在东路弱冷空气的触发下再次产生暴雨,属于非典型回流暖区暴雨。2)1个中α尺度MCC和1个中β尺度MCS是该次广东大暴雨直接制造者,其中MCS-D在广西境内生成并逐渐东移,多个对流系统的并入延长了MCS-D的生命史,最后形成中α尺度MCC。3)东南气流是该次暴雨的主要水汽来源,中层小股干冷空气侵入,高层强烈辐散、深厚的上升运动的配置条件有利于中尺度对流系统发展和维持。4)区域自动站风场资料分析表明,夜间陆风(偏北风)与加强的东南风在112.5°E附近的汇合,可能触发了中尺度对流系统MβCS-H的生成。 相似文献
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吉林省重大暴雨过程评估方法研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用Barnes滤波原理,构建合适的带通滤波器,获取了中尺度信息,对2005年7月21～24日台风"海棠"登陆后与中纬度系统相互作用给河南省造成的暴雨过程进行了分析.结果表明:在台风外围大尺度气旋性环流中,中尺度低压、中尺度辐合线和辐合区是此次暴雨的直接影响系统;台风低压移近后,与西太平洋副高之间气压梯度加大,可以在副高西南侧形成东南风低空急流,东南急流的形成促使中尺度系统加强和发展;干冷空气自对流层中层向低层伸展,与低层的暖湿气流交汇,使对流和暴雨加强. 相似文献
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广西特大暴雨过程中两类中尺度系统的模式预报能力研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对2008年6月12日广西特大暴雨个例,利用华南野外试验获得的高时空分辨率资料,采用Barnes滤波方法,分离了其中的中尺度系统。对比雷达观测资料和模式模拟结果,发现在不同的降水阶段,造成暴雨的中尺度系统类型不同。暖湿气流中的中尺度涡旋造成了对流降水,冷暖空气交汇带上的中尺度涡旋增强了层积混合降水。通过滤波前后包含不同尺度信息的初值进行模式积分,发现基流稳定的暖湿气流中的弱扰动,不能通过模式积分过程产生,基流变化较大的冷暖空气交汇带上的中尺度扰动,可以通过模式积分产生,AREM模式对不同类型的中尺度系统具有不同的预报能力。 相似文献
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采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、FY2E卫星资料和加密自动站资料,结合中尺度WRF模式对2013年苏皖地区的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行诊断与模拟。观测资料分析表明:在有利的环流背景和热动力条件下,此次暴雨发生在梅雨锋前暖区,雨带呈现"先带状后串波状"的分布特征,并随锋面南移。前期降水由地面中尺度辐合线触发,受两个相继发展的中α尺度的线状对流系统直接影响;后期降水受地面暖式切变线触发,有多个中β尺度对流系统沿切变线串状排列,并不断东移发展。模拟结果分析表明:降水过程中,大尺度非地转强迫作用也是强对流的触发机制之一。地面辐合线产生条带状的低层辐合区,从而产生条带状连续分布的上升运动,形成线状对流系统及带状降水。此外地面辐合线能够在暴雨区形成南北两个中尺度垂直次级环流,这是降水的增强机制。暖式切变线上的局部扰动在低层局部地区产生强辐合,由此沿切变线形成强上升弱下沉间隔分布的现象,局部强上升区使得对流系统于该处得到发展,并形成分散的强降水区。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献