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1.
《高原气象》2018,(6)
冰雹的大小、浓度和末速度等特征参量对冰雹云及人工防雹研究至关重要。基于Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪观测的2013年5月22日陕西渭北一次降雹过程的资料,结合雷达反射率回波和自动站分钟降水量,分析了降雹过程中的雨强、雨量、最大冰雹直径、数浓度、谱分布及冰雹末速度等物理量随时间的演变。结果表明:(1)计算了降雹过程的平均粒子谱分布,并使用M-P分布对雨滴和冰雹分段进行了拟合。直径0. 3～4. 75 mm的雨滴谱拟合相关系数为0. 95,直径5. 5～11 mm的冰雹谱拟合相关系数为0. 99;(2)冰雹数浓度占总降水粒子数浓度的0. 3%,而冰雹对总降水量的贡献为37%;(3)降雹过程中,雨滴和冰雹数浓度同时增加或减小,冰雹分钟数浓度最大为5 m~(-3),雨滴分钟数浓度最大为1 423 m~(-3)。(4)国内首次现场观测了冰雹的末速度,使用实测值拟合得到了平均冰雹末速度与冰雹直径的经验公式,经验公式计算的冰雹末速度平均相对误差为2. 8%。 相似文献
2.
布设在内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市五原县气象局的二维雨滴谱仪(2DVD)在2020年7月27日观测到一次含雹混合降水事件,基于粒子直径与本地下落末速度对2DVD数据质控后,分析了此次过程不同直径-速度和不同直径-轴比下的粒子数量分布以及粒子谱、中值体积直径、质量加权平均直径、粒子数浓度和降水强度等参数随时间的演变。结果表明：(1)直径0.1～0.5 mm的雨滴实测下落末速度偏大于经验公式计算的下落末速度,直径5～10.4 mm的冰雹粒子下落速度为5.5～11.6 m·s-1,直径小于6 mm的冰雹粒子下落速度分布较广。直径0.1～2 mm的小雨滴轴比为0.9～1.1,直径2～5 mm的大雨滴轴比为0.7～1.0,直径5～10.4 mm的冰雹粒子轴比为0.5～1。(2)本次降雹类型为先雨后雹,雹雨混降,雹后持续降雨,冰雹谱谱宽为10.4 mm。逐分钟降水粒子谱存在3个直径极大值,在降水和降雹之间存在短暂的无降水,谱宽和粒子数浓度随时间同时增大和减小,并在降雹阶段,各参数陡增至峰值。(3)冰雹谱分布呈单调递减型,通过M-P分布函数分段模拟了降雹时段的雨滴谱和冰雹谱,模拟的粒... 相似文献
3.
为了比较翻斗雨量计、称重雨量计和DSG5降水天气现象仪对冰雹过程降水量的探测性能,分析了一次降雹过程中的降水粒子谱特征,探讨了区分雨滴和冰雹的方法,对3种设备获取的分钟降水量时间序列进行了综合对比和统计检验。结果表明：翻斗雨量计、称重雨量计测量和由DSG5计算的过程分钟降水量序列具有较好的一致性,服从同一个连续分布;利用DSG5雨滴谱资料不仅可以区分冰雹过程中的降雨量和降雹量,而且能快速灵敏地侦测到降水的起始、结束时间,更准确地反映降水强度的时间变化,可为中小尺度天气系统的研究提供精准的降水变化信息;翻斗雨量计和称重雨量计对冰雹过程分钟降水量的观测存在一定的缓冲,不能准确描述降水量实时强度的变化;称重雨量计观测的分钟降水量序列存在明显的滞后。 相似文献
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5.
云中粒子谱形状因子变化对云及降水影响的数值研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
鉴于目前云数值模式和中尺度数值模式中云和降水过程大多用体积水参数化的方式描述,而不同模式所用的粒子谱不同或粒子谱的参数不同,用这些模式模拟研究云和降水的物理过程、降水形成机制、催化防雹和催化增雨机理以及预报降水等就遇到这样一个问题:粒子谱或谱参数不同对研究结果有何影响?因此利用中国科学院大气物理研究所的三维冰雹云催化数值模式,做雹云中粒子谱参数变化的数值试验,分析了冰雹云中雨滴谱、冰晶谱、霰谱的形状参数对降雨降雹、云中微物理过程的影响。结果表明,雨滴谱形状参数变化,对降雨形成机制基本没有影响,对与雨滴有关的物理过程有直接影响。霰谱对地面降雹量、降雹强度、雨强的影响较大,对降雨量影响较小;对冰晶、霰以及冰雹的质量和数量产生率都有明显的影响,云中的所有微物理过程均受到了不同程度的影响,对有些过程影响最为显著,它不但影响粒子的产生过程,也影响粒子的增长过程。冰晶谱对降水量的影响较小,但对各种粒子的某些形成或增长过程影响较大,有的很大。此外,冰晶谱型的变化,对不同地区云或不同个体云降水的影响程度不同,反映了滴谱谱型对云和降水影响的复杂性。利用这些研究结果,讨论了云模式的使用问题。 相似文献
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利用2011—2012年4—10月安徽省黄山山顶和山底两个站点同时采集的雨滴谱数据,共选取17个降水个例,将17个降水个例分为对流云降水和层云降水,对不同高度和不同云系降水雨滴谱特征分析得出以下结论:对于不同云系的降水,山顶平均雨滴数浓度大于山底,平均峰值直径和平均质量半数直径在下落过程中均增加,平均雨强和平均雷达反射率因子变化幅度较小。不同云系的雨滴在下落过程中,雨滴谱谱宽变化较小,但雨滴谱均从M-P (Marshall-Palmer) 分布转向了Gamma分布。降水粒子在下落过程中,大部分通道的数浓度均出现损失,最大损失超过50%,随着粒子尺度增加损失逐渐减少,大粒子数浓度在降落时有所增加,增加幅度为10%左右,降水粒子的碰并和蒸发过程很可能是造成降水粒子下落过程中滴谱变化的两个主要原因。 相似文献
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上海地区几类强降水雨滴谱特征分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
用Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪资料对2013年上海地区4—10月份期间4种类型 (层状云、对流暖云主导型、对流冷云主导型和强台风影响下的混合暖云型) 降水过程的雨滴谱特征进行了分析。通过平均雨滴谱及其拟合特征、雨滴数密度与含水量分布、雨滴尺度与速度二维谱分布等对比分析发现:各类降水中, 雨滴谱的峰值结构与雨强大小有关, 其中直径介于0.187~1.312 mm的小雨滴均出现峰值且总数最多。各尺度雨滴数密度及其比例决定了其降水量贡献比, 在冷云强降水中的雨强贡献最大的雨滴尺度要显著大于其他3种类型。雨滴谱宽按大小排列依次为对流冷云主导型、混合暖云型、对流暖云主导型和层状云。最后综合运用雨滴谱、雷达、雨量站、闪电等观测资料对9月13日对流冷云主导型降水过程进行分析后发现:在雷暴的演变过程中, 雨滴谱特征与雷达反射率因子、垂直液态水含量、自动站雨强、闪电频次等要素均有较好的相关性。冷云产生的冰晶和冰雹融化后的大雨滴进入中低层的广谱小雨滴群, 并通过破碎分裂增加了大雨滴的形成概率, 尤其是捕捉碰并过程更加快了大雨滴的增长速度, 使雨强在短时间内迅速加强。雨滴谱中各档粒子数的演变, 揭示了降水强度的变化, 用雨滴谱资料可有效弥补现有雷达定量估测降水的偏差, 且在冷云中改善明显。 相似文献
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利用设在伊宁的激光雨滴谱仪获取的2013年4月的降水资料,对层状云和混合云降水粒子谱的微物理参量平均值和Gamma函数拟合结果以及Z-I关系进行对比分析。计算结果表明,伊宁地区春季降水的微物理参量普遍偏小,小滴对降水浓度的贡献达到92%以上,即降水主要以小滴为主。层状云降水的雨强、雨滴数浓度、雨滴的各类微物理特征参量的平均值均大于混合云降水。函数拟合结果表明,混合云降水的雨滴谱宽大于层状云降水的雨滴谱宽,层状云和混合云降水的雨滴谱都比较符合Gamma分布,在小滴段Gamma分布对实际谱都有一定的低估,在大于1 mm的粒径段,拟合结果有一定的偏差。还讨论了雨滴大小因子Λ和形状因子μ之间的关系以及Z-I关系,Λ-μ关系与粒子尺度有关,根据拟合的二项式得到层状云降水粒子的平均直径大于混合云降水的平均直径。 相似文献
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利用多普勒雷达、地基微波辐射计、激光雨滴谱仪等资料,分析了宜宾2017年4月13日一次降雹过程,探讨新型探测资料在冰雹监测预警中的应用。研究结果表明:(1)阶梯槽是冰雹天气过程重要的环流形势,短波北槽触发了大气不稳定能量的爆发释放。0~6km存在较深厚的垂直风切变,0℃高度出现在约3.5km处。(2)此次降雹过程的回波特征为多单体强风暴,垂直结构上有回波悬垂和弱回波特征区,VIL有四次明显的跃增,20:44VIL密度值> 4g·m-3。(3)降雹前,0~10km相对湿度垂直分布存在“上下干,中间湿”的3层结构,K指数为40℃,降雹开始后相对湿度垂直分布存在“上干下湿”的2层结构,K指数波动较大;大气水汽总含量、大气液态水总量急剧增长,降雹发生在二者的波峰上。(4)雨滴谱仪观测到的降雹时段为20:56~21:19,最大冰雹直径为8.5mm;降水粒子的直径较小,大多数粒子直径只有0.2~1mm,雨滴谱呈双峰型分布特点,双峰上雨滴谱谱宽加大,雨强增大。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2017,(3)
基于多普勒天气雷达和OTT Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪资料对山西汾阳地区2次降水进行分析,对比对流云和层状云降水的雨滴谱特征。结果表明:层状云降水雨滴平均数浓度和雨强分别为286.20个·m~(-3)和1.33 mm·h~(-1),对流云降水雨滴平均数浓度和雨强分别为516.13个·m~(-3)和10.17 mm·h~(-1);对流云降水雨强主要由降水粒子数浓度决定,直径为1—2 mm的粒子对2种云系雨强贡献最大;2种云系不同雨强下雨滴谱分布和雨滴平均谱分布均呈单峰型,对流云降水雨滴平均谱宽大于层状云降水雨滴平均谱宽,Gamma分布对2种云系降水平均谱拟合均存在一定偏差;通过雨滴谱计算的雷达反射率因子估算降水会造成对降水的低估。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献
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《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,(6)
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献