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1.
滇西新生代超钾质煌斑岩的元素和Sr-Nd同位素特征及其对岩石圈地幔组成的制约 总被引：34，自引：2，他引：34
系统分析了滇西早第三纪晚期煌斑岩的主元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成。绝大多数煌斑岩属超钾质系列岩石（K2O/Na2O=2.1-5.2)，少数为钾玄质系列（K2O/Na2O=1.6-1.7)。这些超钾质煌斑岩富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素和Pb，亏损高场强元素，具有高的初始^87Sr/^86Sr比值（O.70624-0.70924)和负的εNd(t)值（-1.7～-4.6），类似于与俯冲环境有关的高K/Ti-低Ti钾质系列岩石。这些超钾质煌斑岩母岩浆来源于含金云母的交代地幔，经历了不同程度的结晶分异和地壳物质的同化混染。与藏北钾玄质系列岩石相比，滇西超钾质煌斑岩的Th/U比较低、Rb/Sr比较高，而且Nd模式年龄系统偏低0.1-0.4Ga，表明青藏高原北部和东南部岩石圈地幔组成存在区域性的差异。 相似文献
2.
云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩^40Ar-^39Ar定年和地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩全部为云煌岩.两个样品的40Ar/39Ar定年结果分别为32.46±0.62Ma和32.01±0.60Ma,表明矿区煌斑岩为哀牢山断裂带新生代早期高钾岩浆活动的产物.在化学组成上,矿区煌斑岩具有高M值[100×Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)](67.42～86.35)、高ALK(K2O+Na2O为7.01%～9.81%)、富钾(K2O/Na2O为1.66～2.64)、富大离子亲石元素(如Sr、Rb、Ba等)和LREE、明显的Ta、Nb、Ti负异常的特征.Sr-Nd同位素具有高(87Sr/86Sr)0比值(0.70625～0.70912)和低εNd(-5.22～-3.68)的特征,位于EM1和EM2地幔端元之间,有更靠近EM2的趋势.元素和同位素地球化学特征表明矿区煌斑岩的源区为交代富集地幔,进一步判别表明源岩处于尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩和石榴石相二辉橄榄岩的混合线上,以尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩为主.源区交代富集的矿物既有金云母,也有角闪石.岩浆演化过程中经历了橄榄石+斜长石±磷灰石±铁钛氧化物的结晶分异.岩浆形成于大陆弧的构造背景,俯冲的陆壳和古特提斯洋壳对富集的源区均有贡献.白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩和哀牢山断裂带新生代早期其它高钾岩浆岩具有相近的年代、一致的地球化学特征,表明它们具有相似的源区,受控于相同的构造背景. 相似文献
3.
《矿物岩石》2015,(3)
笔架山金矿区位于滇西著名的马厂箐铜钼(金)多金属矿区西南部约5km处,区内发育有花岗斑岩、石英二长斑岩和煌斑岩等。针对矿区煌斑岩进行的岩石学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明其为云煌斑岩,具有富碱(w(Na2O+K2O)=5.00%~9.26%,均值为7.57%)、高钾(K2O/Na2O=1.92~19.02,均值为4.69)和低钛(w(TiO2)=0.43%~0.77%,均值为0.66%)特征,属钾质-超钾质钙碱性系列岩石。岩石轻稀土元素富集而重稀土亏损(ΣLREE/ΣHREE=9.13~10.71,(La/Yb)N=11.60~15.32),并具弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.61~0.85,均值为0.79);岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Ba,U和Sr),而亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,Zr和Ti)以及元素Ta、Nb和Ti具显著"TNT"负异常。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示煌斑岩成岩年龄为33.6 Ma±0.29 Ma(MSWD=1.18,n=16),表明其形成时代为古近纪始新世,与滇西金沙江-红河富碱斑带岩浆活动高峰期(45 Ma~30 Ma)一致。综合岩石学、岩石地球化学、年代学和区域地质背景,认为笔架山煌斑岩是喜马拉雅期印度-欧亚板块碰撞后伸展构造环境的产物,其起源于受俯冲沉积物交代作用影响的岩石圈富集地幔,由源区性质为含金云母角闪石石榴子石二辉橄榄岩富集地幔的低程度(2%~10%)部分熔融形成的基性岩浆上升侵位形成的。 相似文献
4.
对桂北罗城垒洞煌斑岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得的岩浆侵位年龄为约100Ma。其高钾(K2O/Na2O=15.7~24.0),富碱[w(K2O+Na2O)=6.18%~8.25%],富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素、Sr及重稀土元素,高(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.718 832~0.719 730),低εNd(t)(-9.15~-8.97),富集放射性Pb的特征,显示源区可能为早期俯冲交代作用形成的EMⅡ型富集地幔,该富集地幔形成于新元古代扬子和华夏地块的俯冲作用。煌斑岩岩浆的形成与华南陆块在白垩纪(100Ma)伸展拉张的背景下软流圈上涌促使这些富集地幔部分熔融有关。区域上NNE向的深大断裂为岩浆侵位提供了良好的通道。 相似文献
5.
内蒙古四子王旗早白垩世钾玄岩的地球化学特征及其形成构造环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
内蒙古四子王旗地区发现有一套早白垩世钾玄岩。主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素以及 Sr-Nd 同位素测试结果表明,岩石以低硅(SiO_2含量为48.11%～52.77%)、高钛(TiO_2含量为1.94%～2.77%,平均2.48%)、高钾高碱(K_2O Na_2O 为5.32%～7.02%、K_2O/Na_2O 比值为0.48～1.10)为特征,属于钾玄岩系列。它们富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素,具有微弱的 Eu 负异常(δEu=0.81～0.98),其地球化学特征总体与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似。Rb/Nb、Ba/Nb、La/Nb、K/Nb 和 Zr/Nb 比值主要落在 EM I OIB 范围内。~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 和~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd 比值分别变化在0.7063～0.7077和0.51196～0.51243之间,岩石的 Nd、Sr 同位素组成接近 EM I 地幔端元。随着ε_(Nd)的减小,P_2O_5、Rh、Sr、Ba 和 Zr 逐渐富集,表明四子王旗钾玄岩没有经历明显的地壳物质混染。利用微量元素地球化学原理,推断四子王旗钾玄岩母岩浆源于含金云母地幔橄榄岩减压低度部分熔融。根据其地球化学特征可以认为,四子王旗钾玄岩是华北板块早白垩世岩石圈减薄事件的产物。 相似文献
6.
青藏高原东部新生代钾质碱性系列岩石地球化学特征:岩石成因及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原东部新生代钾质碱性系列的岩石,包括深成岩、火山岩和煌斑岩,在时空上具有一致性,岩石化学成分均富碱、高钾、K2O/Na2O比值远大于1,高度富集Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE),及物质来源于富集地幔源区的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成等,均显示钾质碱性系列的岩石特有的特征,其形成与印度和欧亚两大陆碰撞,导致青藏高原北、东部在40Ma左右出现的大型走滑拉分带,致使地壳变薄以及地幔上拱的构造背景有关。 相似文献
7.
锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄(225±1.5 Ma)表明,研究区煌斑岩为印支晚期岩浆活动的产物。化学组成上,煌斑岩的SiO2含量为49.31%～52.87%,w(K2O)=0.86%～1.34%,Na2O>K2O,属钙碱性系列。MgO含量高,变化范围较大(13.11%～15.88%),Mg#=77.74～80.44),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb、Ba、Th、U和Sr)、LREE和Pb,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)(Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf)为特征。同位素组成上,岩石具有高的(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.714697～0.716534)和负的εNd(t)(-8.55～‐9.09),表明研究区煌斑岩源区可能为EM2型地幔。此外,煌斑岩具有较高的相容元素,Cr(1161×10-6～1597×10-6),Co(60.3×10-6～77.2×10-6)和Ni(220×10-6～366×10-6)含量。综合证据表明,张家河煌斑岩来自富集的岩石圈地幔,且源区受到了来自俯冲大洋(古勉略洋)沉积物析出流体的交代作用影响。原始岩浆在上升侵位过程中存在橄榄石和单斜辉石等矿物的分离结晶作用,但没有明显的地壳混染影响。构造和地球动力学背景分析表明,研究区煌斑岩为扬子板块和南秦岭微板块碰撞后伸展拉张阶段的产物。 相似文献
8.
滇西丽江地区新生代富碱斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
滇西丽江地区新生代富碱斑岩位于滇西“三江”褶皱造山带与扬子板块西南缘结合部位,岩石类型多样,可分为碱性岩和碱性花岗岩,前者主要有正长斑岩、正长岩及粗面斑岩;后者主要包括花岗斑岩、二长花岗斑岩及石英二长斑岩。锆石LA ICP MS U Pb定年研究确定区内斑岩结晶年龄为346～371 Ma,侵位于始新世晚期。碱性岩石的SiO2含量为5454%～6770%,K2O＞Na2O,具有钾玄岩的特征;碱性花岗岩的SiO2含量为6716%～7066%,K2O＜Na2O,具有高钾钙碱性的特征。两类岩石都具有富碱(Na2O+K2O=703%～1170%)和准铝质—弱过铝质(A/CNK=064～115)的特征。富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Sr、Ba、K、Pb等),相对亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti等),且具有高Sr、Sr/Y和La/Yb比值及低Y、Yb和镁值(Mg#＜05),表明区内斑岩兼具钾玄质岩石和埃达克质岩石的特征。综合研究认为,区内斑岩形成于印度－亚洲大陆碰撞造山的后碰撞阶段,其形成与减压熔融及幔源岩浆底侵促使增厚下地壳底部岩石发生部分熔融有关,是青藏高原东南缘构造转换带对主碰撞带造山作用过程的岩浆事件响应,进而分析确认本区具有斑岩-热液型金多金属矿床的找矿潜力,为深入认识丽江地区构造-岩浆-成矿作用提供了重要约束。 相似文献
9.
新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里钾质玄武岩的地球化学特征、成因及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
卡拉麦里钾质火山岩位于准噶尔盆地的东北缘下石炭统巴塔玛依内山组内。这些火山岩以粗面玄武岩和玄武质粗面安山岩为主,SiO2含量稳定(46.29%～51.56%),具有较高的碱含量(K2O+Na2O=5.39%～6.96%)以及高K2O/Na2O比值(K2O/Na2O=0.5～1.4),TiO2含量相对稳定(0.94%～1.21%),显示钾玄质岩石特征。岩石地球化学表明,钾玄岩强烈富集LILE(如K、Rb和Sr)和LREE((La/Yb)N=4.39～6.25),Eu正异常明显(δEu=1.3～1.7),相对亏损HFSE(如Zr、Hf),Ta、Nb和Ti呈明显的"TNT"负异常,及较高Ba/Nb和Ba/Ta比值(分别为38～93,574～1470),显示典型岛弧岩浆特征,而Nd-Sr同位素显示亏损地幔源区特征。不相容元素(Nb/La)N和Ba/La比值(分别为0.33～0.41,11.07～18.82)以及高Nb含量(4.45×10-6～7.76×10-6),表明这些岩石来自一个交代作用富集的地幔源区。通过钾质火山岩环境的梯次判别图研究,发现巴塔玛依内山组钾玄岩形成于后碰撞环境,显示岛弧的岩石地球化学特征。在后碰撞期,由于陆内调整和均衡作用,东准噶尔东北缘的岩石圈伸展减薄,随着岩石圈地幔的减薄,前期交代富集的下部地幔楔(金云母和/或钾质角闪石-尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩)发生低度部分熔融形成钾玄质母岩浆,诱发了后碰撞型钾玄质岩浆活动(具有弧火山岩岩石地球化学特征),形成了卡拉麦里巴塔玛依内山组钾质玄武岩。 相似文献
10.
因在黔东南镇远马坪地区钾镁煌斑岩中发现我国第1个原生金刚石岩体,黔东南钾镁煌斑岩受到广泛关注.本文通过对近年来新发现的黔东南施秉大坪、镇远马坪及麻江石板寨地区钾镁煌斑岩地球化学主微量元素特征分析,对本地区地幔源区性质、构造演化特征及大陆动力学特征进行探讨.结果 表明,主量元素特征显示其SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Na2O、K2O和P2O5含量均归属典型钾镁煌斑岩;微量元素地球化学特征显示,各岩体强烈富集高场强元素(Th、Nb、Ta和U),并明显亏损大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Sr)和Ti;稀土元素地球化学特征表明,稀土总量相对较高(∑REE=797×106～1488×106),且具有明显轻稀土元素富集和重稀土元素亏损特征((La/Yb)N=112～254).微量元素及稀土元素对比值显示,岩石在形成过程主要经历母岩浆的分离结晶作用,岩浆在上升过程未受到明显地壳混染作用影响,岩浆源区为大于100km的石榴子石二辉橄榄岩地幔.地球动力学分析显示,黔东南钾镁煌斑岩产于稳定的克拉通非造山的大陆动力学背景下,受到扬子板块与华夏板块在奥陶纪末—志留纪发生板内造山作用,再在中二叠世一晚二叠世,经历东吴运动的影响,再经历燕山运动期江南造山带之燕山期板内造山亚带和特提斯域地质构造演化的共同影响.本区具备金刚石稳定生长的条件:1)有稳定的构造单元(扬子古陆与华夏古陆);2)钾镁煌斑岩成岩深度达到了金刚石稳定深度;3)区域上有深切岩石圈地幔的大断裂作为岩浆上升的通道.但有利区可能遭受剥蚀,后期找矿过程中重点关注剥蚀程度较小的断裂的下降盘或未经抬升的加里东期的古地面等区域. 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献