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本文给出GPS地面台网和掩星观测结合的时变三维电离层层析的原理、算法和基于实测数据的反演结果.反演结果的比较表明,联合地基GPS与掩星观测数据进行重建,电子密度整体图像的重建质量特别是其垂直结构的重建质量得到了明显改善.在平静日和磁暴期间两种条件下利用实测数据的重建结果表明,GPS地面台网和掩星观测结合的电离层层析可以获得电离层电子密度在高度-纬度-经度-时间四维空间中的变化.重建结果清晰地显示了磁暴期间电离层负相暴效应,表明结合GPS地面台网和掩星观测的时变三维电离层层析可以有效地监测扰动条件下的大尺度电离层结构. 相似文献
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在电离层局部地区球对称假设下,推导了利用双频和单频无线电掩星观测数据,反演电离层电子密度剖面的两种方法. 双频反演的误差来自于载波相位的观测误差,单频反演误差则主要由伪距的观测精度决定. 由于载波相位测量精度比伪距测量精度高两个量级,因此双频反演的精度一般比单频反演的高些. 不过,两载波信号L1和L2之间的传播路径差异会给双频方法带来误差. 利用三维射线追踪的程序模拟的无线电掩星数据来评估这些方法,结果表明,反演出的电离层剖面与给定的模式电离层非常吻合,验证了两种方法的可靠性和准确性. 将这两种反演方法应用于处理实测的GPS/MET掩星观测数据,均能获取合理的电离层剖面信息. 且单频方法得到的反演剖面与双频方法相当一致, 这为利用LEO星载单频GPS接收机进行电离层掩星观测提供了理论基础. 相似文献
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目前电离层掩星数据反演是基于电离层电子密度分布局部球对称近似的Abel反演方法,实际电离层的非球对称性会给电子密度反演结果带来误差.本文研究利用三维电离层模式来提供电子密度水平变化的先验信息约束电离层掩星反演的方法,即三维模式约束法;并将该方法应用于模拟掩星观测数据和实测掩星数据的反演.模拟观测数据的反演结果表明,与Abel反演方法相比,三维模式约束法能够减小反演误差.采用IRI2001模式作为约束,对COSMIC电离层掩星实测数据反演,将反演结果与全球的垂测仪数据进行比较,结果表明,三维模式约束法和Abel反演方法都能很好地反演电离层掩星. 相似文献
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电离层掩星数据反演的传统方法是Abel反演法及其改进方法,而实际电离层的非球对称给电离层电子密度反演带来误差.本文研究了在气象领域广泛应用的变分同化方法在掩星数据反演电离层电子密度廓线的可行性,利用IRI和Nequiek模型模拟掩星真值场和背景场进行数值模拟反演,并与Abel反演法反演结果进行对比.结果表明,变分同化反演方法能够有效综合模式和观测数据,使得反演结果精度较高;与Abel反演法相比,反演的电子密度廓线F2层峰值浓度误差在10％以下,而Abel反演法在20％～30％之间;而且变分同化反演法对误差扰动有较好的过滤性,因此实用性较强. 相似文献
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附加约束的电离层层析算法是解决电离层电子密度反演中不适定问题的主要方法,为避免此类方法中约束权阵的选取不当对电子密度分布重构产生的不良影响,本文将选权拟合法应用到电离层层析成像技术中.该方法特别设计了依据电子密度空间分布特性构造参数权矩阵的方案.新方法有明确的物理意义,挖掘了隐含的信息量,为解决电离层电子密度反演中由于观测数据的不足等因素引起的不适定问题提供了一种新途径,可以得到符合客观实际的结果.数值模拟实验和实测数据的反演结果证实了该算法有效性、可靠性和优越性. 相似文献
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区别于以往GPS电离层层析研究主要关注迭代模型的思路,本文从两方面入手提高GPS电离层层析迭代算法的反演精度:一方面,顾及传统电离层层析迭代模型仅与对电子密度误差起放大作用的GPS射线截距权重相关的不足,提出考虑层析像素格网中的电子密度对GPS TEC的贡献建立新的迭代模型,在不同电子密度像素格网内重新分配GPS TEC实测值与其反演值之间的差距;另一方面,顾及电离层层析迭代算法中松弛因子对反演结果的影响,提出考虑电子密度变化构造新的松弛因子,抑制传播噪声对电子密度反演精度的影响.实验结果显示,相对于传统代数重构算法(ART),新方法反演的电离层电子密度剖面更接近于电离层测高仪观测的电子密度剖面,提高了电子密度反演精度. 相似文献
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本文基于IRI模型、地面数字测高仪和GNSS TEC数据,提出了一种利用经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,简称EOF)估算顶部电离层电子密度剖面的方法,并将其应用于美国Millstone Hill测高仪和GNSS数据以估算顶部电离层电子密度剖面.通过将估算的临界频率、峰值高度、400km以上电子密度分别与测高仪实测临界频率、测高仪实测峰值高度以及非相干散射雷达实测400km以上电子密度作对比以对方法的有效性进行验证.统计结果显示估算临界频率、峰值高度与测高仪实测数据基本一致,400km以上估算电子密度相较于非相干散射雷达实测的绝对误差平均值仅是测高仪推算400km以上电子密度绝对误差平均值的一半左右.所以本文提出的方法可以更加精确地估算顶部电离层电子密度. 相似文献
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本文利用经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function,简称EOF）方法分析了Millstone Hill非相干散射雷达（Incoherent Scatter Radar,简称ISR）近三个太阳黑子周期（1976年2月～2006年4月）的实测电离层160～700 km的电子浓度剖面资料,并分别用Chapman-α函数拟合了平均电子浓度剖面和带有均值的前三阶EOF级数．结果表明：电子浓度剖面的EOF级数的第一阶项主要控制F2层峰值浓度NmF2,第二阶项同时控制F2层的峰高hmF2和等效标高Hm,第三阶项主要控制等效标高Hm．进一步分析了对应的EOF系数的周日变化、季节变化和太阳活动周期变化,这些变化反映了NmF2,hmF2,Hm的气候学变化规律,例如电离层的冬季异常、半年异常等．EOF方法在级数展开方面收敛速度快,很少数低阶项即能反映电子浓度剖面的主要变化,因此可用于提取出电子浓度剖面的主要分布特征及其周日变化与气候学变化特性,并可用于进一步构建相应的经验模式． 相似文献
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Determination of the vertical electron-density profile in ionospheric tomography: experimental results 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The reconstruction of the vertical electron-density profile is a fundamental problem in ionospheric tomography. Lack of near-horizontal ray paths limits the information available on the vertical profile, so that the resultant image of electron density is biased in a horizontal sense. The vertical profile is of great importance as it affects the authenticity of the entire tomographic image. A new method is described whereby the vertical profile is selected using relative total-electron-content measurements. The new reconstruction process has been developed from modelling studies. A range of background ionospheres, representing many possible peak heights, scale heights and electron densities are formed from a Chapman profile on the bottomside with a range of topside profiles. The iterative reconstruction process is performed on all of these background ionospheres and a numerical selection criterion employed to select the final image. The resulting tomographic images show excellent agreement in electron density when compared with independent verification provided by the EISCAT radar. 相似文献
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The earlier experiments of ionospheric tomography were conducted by receiving satellite signals from ground-based stations and then reconstructing electron density distribution from measures of the total electron content (TEC). In June 1994, National Central University built up the low-latitude ionospheric tomography network (LITN) including six ground stations spanning a range of 16.7° (from 14.6°N to 31.3°N) in latitude within 1° of 121°E longitude to receive the naval navigation satellite system (NNSS) signals (150 and 400 MHz). In the study of tomographic imaging of the ionosphere, TEC data from a network of ground-based stations can provide detailed information on the horizontal structure, but are of restricted utility in sensing vertical structure. However, an occultation observation mission termed the global positioning system/meteorology (GPS/MET) program used a low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellite (the MicroLab-1) to receive multi-channel GPS carrier phase signals (1.5 and 1.2 GHz) and demonstrate active limb sounding of the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere. In this paper, we have implemented the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) to reconstruct and compare two-dimensional ionospheric structures from measured TECs through the receptions of the GPS signals, the NNSS signals, and/or both of the systems. We have also concluded the profiles retrieved from tomographic reconstruction showing much reasonable electron density results than the original vertical profiles retrieved by the Abel transformation and being in more agreement in peak electron density to nearby ionosonde measurements. 相似文献
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Prikner K. Mursula K. Kangas J. Feygin F. Z. Kerttula R. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2002,46(3):507-526
The ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) was numerically simulated under non-stationary ionospheric and magnetospheric conditions of the IPDP event of December 4, 1986. The full numerical wave method was applied using height profiles of the ionospheric plasma parameters obtained from the Scandinavian EISCAT radar measurements close to the Ivalo latitude. An attempt to model the inverse problem of numerical simulation—prolongation of the electron density profiles at altitudes above the ionospheric F layer—was made on the basis of the IAR simulation in correlation with the IPDP frequency increase. The change of the IAR wave characteristics during the substorm was illustrated by height profiles of the total wave amplitude and various polarization characteristics, taking into consideration the ordinary L-mode and the extraordinary R-mode waves for parallel and non-parallel incidence with respect to the magnetic field line. 相似文献
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Xinan Yue William S. Schreiner Jiuhou Lei Christian Rocken Ying-Hwa Kuo Weixing Wan 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(17):1270-1274
The electron density profiles retrieved from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere & Climate (COSMIC) satellite Radio Occultation (RO) observations during 2008 are used to derive ionospheric upper transition height, where the density of O+ is equal to that of light ions (mainly H+ and He+). It is found that the ionosphere upper transition height is very low, with significant local time, latitude and seasonal variations, during the extremely low solar minimum of 2008. The transition height is higher in the daytime than at night, except over middle latitude region of winter hemisphere, where the transition height has minimum in the morning. There is a pronounced peak over equator for all seasons. The transition height is higher in summer than in winter hemisphere. Our results have comparability with C/NOFS satellite observations around the equatorial region during June–August of 2008. However, the IRI model gives much higher transition height than those from COSMIC and cannot reproduce its latitude and season variations well during 2008. 相似文献