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1.
提出一种基于视觉注意机制的动态阈值选取方法.首先按人眼视觉注意特点计算各图块的显著性特征值,根据显著性特征值将图像块进行分类,然后利用最大类间方差法和多尺度的自适应阈值方法分别实现不同灰度特性区域的图像动态分割.实验结果表明:该方法能够实现图像多阈值的自动选取,不受照明条件的影响,能够获得满意的二值分割效果. 相似文献
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非球形粒子的散射特性研究是双偏振雷达探测数据处理和释义的基础,非球形状同样会影响常规雷达探测数据的处理和释义。在利用雷达进行降水观测的过程中,需要考虑旋转扁椭球雨滴的散射特性。Gans理论和T矩阵法是常用于计算椭球粒子散射特性的算法,但其算法差异会对雷达探测反演带来不同的结果。利用Gans理论和T矩阵法的数值计算,分析旋转扁椭球雨滴的后向散射截面,同时对比常用雷达波段（S、C、X和Ku）内两种算法的后向散射截面的相对差别,以相对差别的阈值得到Gans理论可适用于计算旋转扁椭球雨滴后向散射截面的最大等效半径和尺度参数。在常用雷达波长处对该差异造成的雷达反射率因子Zh和差反射率因子ZDR的影响进行分析。结果表明,在MP雨滴谱下,X波段处Zh的算法差异可达1.66 dBZ,在C波段处ZDR的算法差异可达0.75 dBZ,其他各波长处也有差异。 相似文献
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该文介绍了地面雨滴谱观测方法的研究, 通过增大取样面积、增加辅助观测手段, 改进了传统的滤纸取样法, 设计出图像自动识别软件应用到雨滴谱资料的处理中, 这种方法不仅可以增加观测的样本数, 以获得稳定的雨滴谱资料, 而且有利于资料的相互配合与分析。对其图像的位置变化、形状改变、滴谱重叠等情况进行验证以及对计算结果进行误差分析, 雨滴谱资料中的单个滴谱图像位置变化和形状变化对图像识别后的结果没有影响, 自动图像处理程序运行结果稳定可靠。程序在处理不粘连的滴谱资料时敏感性较好, 对于大滴溅散而形成的很多溅散滴时, 会处理成很多单独的小雨滴, 同时也说明无法解决溅散问题。在雨滴重叠问题上该程序智能程度不高, 不能真正鉴别是否存在重叠现象, 无法将重叠的雨滴分离开来, 往往会将重叠在一起的雨滴视为一个滴, 从而带来观测雨滴数量减少的现象。从雨滴谱资料处理误差分析上看, 斑迹直径在3~18 mm时相对误差小于6%, 对于直径小于4 mm雨滴误差完全控制在6%以内, 且在处理小滴时误差更小。该方法在地面雨滴谱观测及资料处理中准确度高、性能稳定、实用性强, 为雨滴谱资料的处理分析提供了一个新的思路, 可以应用到实际工作中。 相似文献
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基于降水微物理特征测量仪的雨滴形状观测与分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用自主研制的降水微物理特征测量仪开展降水观测试验,得到了大量的雨滴图像。研究了异常雨滴图像的形成原因和处理方法,以此为基础重点研究了在极坐标下基于Akima插值的数字雨滴图像矢量化方法,得到了雨滴平均形状特征和轴比分布特征。结果表明,直径小于1 mm的雨滴以圆形为主,在1.0~3.0 mm的雨滴以椭圆形为主,大于3.0 mm的雨滴逐渐呈现顶部凸起,底部偏平的形状;雨滴的平均轴比分布与经验分布一致,相互之间差异在±0.04 mm范围以内;雨滴的平均轴比与经验模型的差值在粒径3.4~3.8 mm出现峰值,该范围内的雨滴较经验关系具有更圆的形状特性。 相似文献
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基于2015年降水微物理特征测量仪(PMCS)在南京地区获得的3次降水过程的雨滴图像资料,利用图像处理算法得到雨滴形状、尺度、轴比、倾斜角、垂直速度等特征参量,研究了雨滴的微物理特征空间分布规律。结果表明:直径较小的雨滴轮廓呈圆环状,随着粒子直径增加,雨滴轮廓呈现出椭圆形和底部扁平顶部凸起状。PMCS测得的雨滴轴比—直径拟合关系同经验模型相比误差较小,雨滴轴比概率分布呈现高斯分布特征。雨滴倾斜角分布于0°两侧,方差为15.9°,小雨滴倾斜角受湍流影响较大,摆动范围较大。雨滴垂直速度随直径增大而增大,垂直速度拟合曲线同Atlas速度经验模型分布较为一致。 相似文献
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2009、2010年夏季利用Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪在淮南和南京同时观测到两次梅雨锋暴雨过程,获得了3 617个雨滴谱样本资料.采用阶矩法对Gamma函数进行拟合,分析了梅雨锋暴雨降水微结构特征.结果表明:主雨带和雨带边缘的雨滴谱存在明显差别,处于主雨带中的降水粒子尺度明显大于雨带边缘的粒子尺度;梅雨锋暴雨过程中0.25 mm＜D≤1.0mm的粒子所占比例最大,但对于雨强贡献最大的则是1.0 mm＜D≤2.0mm的粒子;雨滴谱谱型以双峰型为主,几乎不存在无峰型;与其他微结构特征量不同的是,雨滴谱峰值直径Dp随着雨强的增大先增加后减小,而雨滴谱分布参数N0、μ、λ则随着雨强的增大而一直减小,其中μ-λ间存在较好的二项式函数关系;梅雨锋暴雨的Z-R关系为Z=212R1.38. 相似文献
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反演大气垂直速度和雨滴谱分布是研究云降水机制和云微物理信息的重要内容,对人工预报天气、干预天气都有重要意义。针对2021年8月29日安徽省内毫米波雷达探测到的一次对流云降水过程,处理毫米波雷达的功率谱数据并进行大气垂直速度和雨滴谱反演。在小粒子示踪法的基础上引入改进小粒子示踪法：选取有效云信号段中最小功率对应的谱点作为反演大气垂直速度的示踪物。首先,根据改进前后的小粒子示踪法分别从功率谱数据中反演大气垂直速度,并跟基数据反演大气速度的结果展开对比分析。进一步得到粒子在静止空气中的下落速度,根据现有粒子下落速度-粒子直径之间的经验公式计算反演粒子直径。研究表明：(1) 采用改进后的小粒子示踪法反演大气垂直速度得到的结果比小粒子示踪法得到的结果更精确,在云层内部两者误差较大;(2) 进一步得到粒子下落速度,结合探测时段的天气状况,得到的粒子速度与大气速度可很好地契合,跟对流云天气情况信息大致吻合;(3) 粒子浓度是反演雨滴谱分布时需要注意的主要参数,云在快速发展过程中,内部粒子持续朝外部扩张,云内部的粒子浓度较小,云边界的粒子浓度反而较大。 相似文献
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基于2016—2017年河北省中南部暴雨过程的OTT Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪观测资料,对3种类型暴雨过程的降水微结构特征参量、不同尺度降水粒子对雨强的贡献、分雨强下的雨滴谱分布、速度谱等进行分析。结果表明:河北省中南部暴雨不同雨强下雨滴谱基本呈现单峰型分布,低槽冷锋类暴雨雨滴谱谱宽最窄,低涡类暴雨次之,暖切变线类暴雨最宽。不同类型暴雨过程粒子平均直径和峰值直径平均值以低涡类最小,低槽冷锋类次之,暖切变线类最大。雨滴体积中值直径和质量加权平均直径均值以低槽冷锋最小,低涡类次之,暖切变线类最大。河北省中南部暴雨过程主要以直径D 1. 0 mm的小雨滴为主,其中1. 0≤D 3. 0 mm的雨滴雨强对总雨强贡献接近70%,D 4. 0 mm的大雨滴数浓度占总数浓度百分比最小,其雨强对总雨强的贡献也最小。3种类型暴雨分雨强对应雨滴谱多呈单峰型分布,呈双峰分布时对应雨强不同。速度谱上不同类型暴雨雨滴数极大值中心位置一致,且位于经验曲线下方。与目前雷达系统采用的标准Z=300~(I1. 40)关系相比,河北省中南部暴雨过程Z-I关系低估低槽冷锋类暴雨降水,高估低涡类和暖切变线类暴雨降水,其中低涡类暴雨偏差最大。 相似文献
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利用激光雨滴谱仪对2015年5月6日四川盆地东南部与云贵高原交界处的重庆万盛地区一次由地形强迫抬升形成的短时强降水过程进行观测,分析了雨滴谱相关特征值变化情况。结果表明：雨滴谱能够较好的反映本次过程雨量的细节,谱型能够较好地反映对流的生消过程;雨滴的数浓度并不是影响雨强的决定性因素,粒子大小对雨强的贡献同样很重要;大粒子虽然很少,但对雨强的贡献远大于小粒子（如大于3mm的粒子在雷达反射率因子中起主要贡献,达到97%）;强烈的对流使大粒子在下落过程中破碎形成小粒子;三参数Gamma分布能够较好的拟合本次降水过程雨滴谱分布;小粒子的速度谱大于实验典型值,与大粒子在下落过程中破碎形成小粒子有关。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
17.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献
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《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,(6)
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献