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1.
利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1 °×1 °FNL资料、自动站降水资料,对华南两次双雨带过程中的回流暖区暴雨个例进行了对比分析,结果表明:(1)与暖湿的南到西南气流相比,变性高压脊后部回流的东到东南气流具有一定干冷属性,边界层两支不同性质的气流汇合形成辐合渐近线和边界层锋区。回流暖区暴雨实际是先有回流、预先在东侧形成浅薄的冷池,后有高空槽加深东移、带来边界层西南风,与东南风辐合,形成低层辐合抬升条件,西南风暖平流使边界层锋区加强并缓慢东移,产生的暴雨。回流和高空槽均起到关键的作用;(2)回流暖区暴雨区域在边界层内具有弱对流性不稳定或湿中性层结、而在中低层具有明显对流性不稳定,其发生发展机制有别于锋前暖区暴雨和典型锋面暴雨;(3)边界层较大水平螺旋度与回流暖区暴雨有良好对应关系,对回流暖区暴雨预报有指示意义,是回流暖区暴雨区别于锋面暴雨的重要动力学特征;(4)回流暖区的水汽输送主要集中在850 hPa以下,以925 hPa最显著,北侧锋区的水汽输送主要集中在850~700 hPa;南北两支雨带低层的水汽输送通道可能存在部分重合,当南侧暖区雨带的对流发展起来后,部分水汽可能被南侧辐合系统截留,从而影响北侧的水汽输送强度。这可能是导致北雨带降雨强度不如南雨带的一个原因。 相似文献
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2020年6月1—2日,贵州西部发生了1次局地性的对流性暴雨过程,预报员和各数值模式对此次过程的预报量级显著偏小,对暴雨范围的低估,造成了特大暴雨、大暴雨的漏报。该文利用常规地面、高空资料,加密自动站观测资料,多普勒天气雷达资料,卫星资料及业务中常用的数值预报产品等对此次暴雨漏报案例进行剖析,结果表明：在弱天气尺度强迫背景下,高温高湿的环境中,未能准确判断对流的触发条件,未分析出露点锋、偏西风和偏南风的辐合、冷池和地面辐合线等的存在及其对强降水的影响,加之难以在短时间内对风场的发展演变进行精细分析,导致此次暴雨过程漏报;对于发生在暖湿气团中的对流性降水的预报,需考虑高温高湿环境下露点锋、辐合区、冷池、地面辐合线的相互作用触发对流并使其组织化发展,从而导致局地性、对流性强降水的产生;基于地面加密自动站资料和雷达资料等的短时临近预报可以帮助捕捉中小尺度系统,从而提高对此类暴雨的预报准确率。 相似文献
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一次区域性大暴雨过程的成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用常规天气图、区域自动气象站、卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达等资料对2009年8月17—18日发生在泰安境内的区域性大暴雨过程进行了综合分析。分析发现：大暴雨发生在副热带高压南退过程中西北边缘的5880gpm线附近;700．hPa和850hPa“人字形”切变线造成的水汽辐合是强降水形成的关键;通过分析θse与K指数,发现此次区域性大暴雨发生在θse850〉330°K的热带海洋气团中,稳定度指标并不关键;地面倒槽长时间维持是强降水产生的条件;特殊的山地对这次强降水起到了重要作用;数值预报出现偏差导致了由于过分依赖数值预报出现暴雨漏报。 相似文献
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利用常规探空和地面观测站资料、ERA5 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料和ECMWF预报资料,对2022年6月12—13日江西中南部的暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明：1） 此次暴雨过程是在副热带高压和南亚高压稳定少动、西风槽携带冷空气南下的环流背景下,500 hPa高空槽、低层切变线、低空西南急流和地面静止锋共同作用造成的。2） 低层辐合、高层辐散产生深厚的垂直上升运动,为强降水的持续提供动力条件,低空暖湿西南急流输送的充足水汽,有利于江西中南部不稳定能量的积累。3） EC暴雨落区预报偏北的主要原因是天气系统位置较实况偏北,700 hPa垂直速度大值区偏北、对流性降水预报偏弱和地形影响也是暴雨漏报的重要因素。4） 584 dagpm特征线的位置变化对此次暴雨落区向南订正有较好的指示意义。在暴雨预报中,不仅要考虑锋面大尺度降水,还要考虑暖区对流性降水,关注低层强动力辐合区域,结合中尺度数值模式产品,可以有效对主雨带位置和强度进行订正。 相似文献
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利用自动站观测资料、探空资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2006年6月12日夜间和2008年5月27日夜间贵州南部局地大暴雨天气过程进行对比分析。结果表明,两次过程均发生在西高东低、东北低涡稳定维持的有利环流形势下,700 hPa巴塘低涡东移是造成贵州西南部强降水的主要影响系统,巴塘低涡和低空西南急流在贵州东南部维持对贵州西南部暴雨起重要作用,同时不稳定能量在贵州南部积聚为暴雨发生提供了有利条件,但相对于后一过程,前一过程在贵州水汽辐合区更大,其大雨量级以上降水范围更广;地面中尺度辐合线生成发展是两次局地大暴雨发生发展的可能触发原因,暴雨中心位于辐合线南侧暖区中;前一过程西太平洋副热带高压较强且位置偏西(西脊点到达110°E),南支槽东移有利于引导700 hPa低涡移动,弱冷空气与暖湿空气交汇形成能量锋锋生,引起低涡强烈发展、涡旋环流增强,而后一过程副高偏弱且位置偏南、偏东,500 hPa上无高原槽影响,以及地面贵州南部为低压控制且无冷空气影响,是前一过程比后一过程降水强度更大的原因。 相似文献
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用关键区和指标站作新会区前汛期暴雨预报 总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4
分析新会区1998-2003年20场前汛期暴雨,归纳出前汛期暴雨的天气系统以500 hPa西风槽及南支槽的配置、850 hPa切变线及西南风急流的存在和地面锋前暖区系统为主要特征,划定了24h暴雨预报的“关键区:”500 hPa中20-35°N、102-118°E的槽线;850 hPa中22-30°N、104-116°E的切变线、低压系统及西南风急流轴;20-33°N、110-125°E的地面锋线。选定指标站桂林、广州、梧州、海口、南宁的变高、水汽、和不稳定能量作单站24 h暴雨预报的指标。利用VB编程制作的预报系统操作简单。对2004和2005年的试报准确率均可达现行预报平分标准。 相似文献
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北方一次暖区大暴雨降水预报失败案例剖析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
目前全球模式对暖区暴雨的捕捉能力有限,北方地区的暖区暴雨预报更是业务预报中的一个难点。2013年7月1—2日河北、天津等地出现了一次区域性大暴雨过程,降水由锋前暖区降水和锋面降水组成,特别是冀中的特大暴雨[409mm·(24h)~(-1)]暖区降水占60%以上。预报员对此次过程的预报量级显著偏小,特大暴雨、暴雨均出现漏报。各家数值模式预报均不能给预报员提供足够的有用信息,给预报带来很多困难,导致预报的失败。本文利用业务预报中常用的数值预报产品、加密自动站观测资料、常规地面、高空观测资料、新一代天气雷达资料等对此次北方暖区暴雨预报失败案例进行剖析,结果显示:高温高湿的环境中,未能捕捉到可触发对流的次天气及以下尺度的小扰动,如地面辐合线、阵风锋、冷池及中尺度涡旋等及其对强降水的影响,加之对中尺度对流系统的环境场条件,如低空急流、急流核的发展演变等的精细分析不足是导致强降水预报量级偏弱的重要因素;对于发生在深厚暖湿气团中的暖区降水的预报,需考虑高温高湿环境下地面辐合线、冷池及中尺度涡旋的相互作用对对流的触发及组织化发展导致的局地性、对流性强降水的产生;基于地面自动站资料和雷达资料等的短时临近预报可以弥补全球数值预报对中小尺度系统的捕捉能力的不足,提高暖区暴雨的预报准确率。 相似文献
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利用常规探空资料、地面观测资料、T213数值预报资料和卫星云图等,对发生在邵阳的大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,结果表明:大暴雨是在欧亚中高纬度两槽一脊型的环流形势中产生的,槽线和切变线是主要影响系统;700hPa的水汽来自孟加拉湾和南海,850hPa和500hPa的水汽来自南海;大暴雨发生前,低层有较强的水平能量输送和较强的能量积聚,同时整个暴雨区的大气运动由下沉运动转变为上升运动;中低层Q矢量的辐合和大暴雨的落区、发生时段有很好的对应关系;低层正涡度、高层负涡度与低层强辐合、高层强辐散是完全一致的,"抽吸作用"对大暴雨的形成非常有利。 相似文献
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《青海气象》2017,(2)
2016年8月16-18日巴彦淖尔市出现一次致灾大暴雨天气过程,降水强度大,持续时间短,局地性强。本文利用常规资料和自动站、卫星、雷达资料及ECMWF和T639数值预报产品对大暴雨天气过程的成因及漏报原因进行了分析,结果表明:(1)东移的短波槽叠加在暖区上空造成大气层结不稳定是此次暴雨过程的触发机制。副热带高压移动缓慢,西南暖湿水汽输送加强,地面低压稳定少动,是本次暴雨产生和维持的条件;(2)高低空急流、切变线和地面辐合线为此次暴雨过程的发展提供了水汽条件和动力条件;(3)利用卫星云图、雷达资料的演变来确定中小尺度系统的位置、强度和发展趋势,以提前开展强降水等强天气的预报和预警工作;(4)ECMWF预报场未报出短波槽东移,T639预报的短波槽位置偏南,预报员过度依赖数值预报产品是导致本次过程暴雨漏报的主要原因。ECMWF预报场偏弱,T639预报场偏离实况较大,间接导致了暴雨的漏报。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献