共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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采用PCR、核酸探针斑点杂交、组织切片等方法研究了PCR检测白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)中的假阴性问题。设计了一对引物用于PCR检测WSSV,PCR扩增的产物长度为235bp,检出极限为0.1pg WSSV DNA。结果表明,PCR检测15例攻毒螯虾鳃样品时出现一例阴性,而经10—106倍稀释后的样品却呈现阳性,推断PCR出现了假阴性。核酸探针斑点杂交及组织切片结果表明注射WSSV的螯虾鳃组织确已被严重感染,进一步证实了PCR假阴性。根据PCR的检出极限及模板稀释梯度,推算出该PCR能成功扩增的引物与模板浓度的比例范围约为2.4×105—2.4×1010。 相似文献
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海洋沉积物中的植物信息具有重要的生态学和古环境意义,但传统方法只能通过研究沉积物中的孢粉获取植物信息。随着分子生物学的进步,探索利用海洋沉积物中的植物分子多样性解释全球变化成为了一种新的尝试。文章首次尝试了对海洋沉积物中的植物DNA进行提取与PCR扩增,通过使用不同的DNA提取方法(DNA提取试剂盒)和PCR扩增条件[2倍浓缩的PCR扩增预混合溶液(Mix)退火温度、循环数、DNA模板量以及引物],探索海洋沉积物中植物DNA提取和PCR扩增的方法,并在采自黄海潮间带以及浅海表层的沉积物中进行了检验。共尝试了32种方法,结果表明:强力土壤微生物DNA提取试剂盒(DNeasy PowerSoil)以及2×TransTaq HiFi PCR SuperMixⅠ是较好的DNA提取与扩增条件;对于潮间带表层沉积物样品,最佳退火温度为55°C,最佳循环数为55个循环;而对于浅海表层沉积物样品,最佳退火温度为59°C,最佳循环数为45个循环;此外,相对于rbcL引物, gh引物的扩增结果更好。这项研究首次成功提取并扩增了海洋沉积物中的植物DNA,以期应用于海洋沉积物中植物分子多样性的分析,为研究全球... 相似文献
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首次将SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)方法引入中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)多态性研究中,利用高分辨率的毛细管凝胶电泳分析了模板DNA、Mg2+、dNTP、引物、Taq DNA聚合酶等因素对SRAP-PCR扩增结果的影响.确定了me1-em5为扩增中华白海豚基因组DNA的最佳引物对.并进一步确立了适合中华白海豚的SRAP最佳反应体系:25 mm3体系中,模板DNA浓度为0.8 ng/mm3,Mg2+浓度为1.0 mmol/dm3,dNTP浓度为0.1 mmol/dm3,引物浓度为0.2μmol/dm3,Taq DNA聚合酶浓度为0.04 U/mm3.利用该反应体系对10个白海豚样品进行SRAP分析的结果表明,不同样品间DNA谱带清晰、多态性丰富.证实该体系稳定可靠,可以用于中华白海豚的分子标记研究. 相似文献
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水产动物致病性副溶血弧菌双重PCR 检测方法的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是多种水产养殖动物的主要病原菌,尤其是可引起凡纳滨对虾幼虾呈毁灭性死亡。本研究基于gyrB和toxR两种基因序列设计2对特异性引物,建立一种副溶血弧菌快速、准确的双重PCR检测方法,扩增目的片段大小分别为285 bp和368 bp。结果表明在同一PCR反应体系中副溶血弧菌可同时扩增大小分别为285 bp和368 bp的2种基因片段,两种引物对4种其他水产动物病原菌无交叉反应;敏感性检测结果显示,该双重PCR最低能检测8.867 2×103 CFU/mL菌体浓度的副溶血弧菌,对副溶血弧菌模板DNA的检出极限为0.029 3 mg/L;对发病中国对虾糠虾幼体、水产品及虾池养殖用水进行双重PCR检测,呈阳性反应的样品可分离出优势生长的副溶血弧菌。该实验所建立的基于gyrB和toxR两种基因的双重PCR检测方法可用于副溶血弧菌引起的水产动物疾病的快速诊断及分子流行病学的调查研究。 相似文献
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为了利用ISSR分子标记技术对坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)种质资源进行遗传分析及种质鉴定,获得清晰稳定、重复性好、多态性高的扩增结果,对影响ISSR-PCR扩增的多个因素,包括DNA模板含量、Mg2+浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶含量、引物浓度、dNTP浓度以及复性温度进行了全面比较和优化,建立了坛紫菜种质资源ISSR-PCR扩增的最佳反应体系:25μL的反应体系中含2.5μL 10×PCR缓冲液,5 ng模板DNA,2.5 mmol/L Mg2+,1.5 UTaqDNA聚合酶,200 nmol/L引物,200μmol/L dNTP。最佳PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性7 min;每个循环94℃变性1 min,48℃复性45 s,72℃延伸2 min,共进行35个循环;循环结束后72℃再延伸7 min。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献