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1.
《气象科学进展》2016,(1)
模拟一次典型天气过程,对比过程中Apo E~(-/-)小鼠体重、肛温及HSP60、SOD、TNF、sICAM-1、HIF-1α、ET-1、NO的变化,探讨冷热刺激对小鼠的影响,为进一步探讨对心脑血管疾病的影响奠定基础。通过分析南京市实际气象要素资料,选取一次典型天气过程,并利用气象环境模拟箱模拟,将Apo E~(-/-)小鼠分为实验组和对照组,每组6只,测量实验过程中各组小鼠体重、肛温,采用ELISA法测定热浪后小鼠HSP60、SOD、TNF、s ICAM-1、HIF-1-、ET-1、NO变化情况。结果显示,小鼠体重不存在统计学差异(P0.05),但在模拟实验过程结束后有所下降(P0.05)。肛温热浪组与对照组相比有所升高(P0.05),强降温组则又下降。HSP60、SOD、TNF、s ICAM-1、HIF-1-表达水平上热浪组均高于对照组,与热浪组相比强降温组有所下降且具有统计学差异(P0.05)。强降温将导致血管收缩。结果表明,热浪过程会加重动脉粥样硬化疾病的发生发展,强降温过程可能会极大地增加冠心病等心血管疾病的发病和死亡风险。 相似文献
2.
基于中国气象局对热浪天气的定义并参考地理分区和热浪日湿度分级标准,定义连续3 d以上地面最高气温≥35 ℃的天气过程为热浪,选取 1960—2018 年 476 个地面气象站观测数据研究中国夏季干热型和湿热型热浪日数的时空分布特征及其变化趋势。结果表明,中国夏季热浪日数除新疆外呈现东南高、西北低的空间分布格局,江南地区夏季热浪发生日数最多（年均 15 d）。温湿指数和人体舒适度指数评价结果表明江淮地区热浪天气期间环境舒适度最差,热浪天气对人体的不利影响更显著。相对于内陆地区,沿海地区因海风影响午后气温显著降低,有利于缓解热浪天气的影响,因而沿海站点夏季热浪日数比邻近的内陆站点偏少。除黄淮地区外中国大多数站点热浪日数均呈现增加趋势,江苏、浙江沿海、广东、重庆、海南、新疆及广西东部热浪日数增加趋势显著（1 ～5 d·(10 a) -1,α=0.05）;中国东部和东南沿海湿热型热浪增加趋势显著,增幅达 1～5 d·(10 a) -1;浙江、江西北部、甘肃、新疆等地区干热型热浪日数显著增加（α=0.01）。1990 年以来全国夏季热浪天气发生更为频繁;其中 2000—2009 年间干热型热浪日数偏多,而 2010 年之后强湿热型热浪日所占比例增加。 相似文献
3.
评价高温、热浪、闷热不同热感天气暴露对心脑血管疾病死亡人数的影响。采用广义相加模型（GAM）、平滑曲线阈值效应方法,在控制了时间序列长期趋势、季节效应、节假日效应的混杂影响后,分析了2010—2016年的6—8月石家庄高温、热浪、闷热不同热感天气暴露对心脑血管疾病死亡人数的影响,并分析了男女性别的分人群效应。研究期间收集到心脑血管疾病死亡总计6552人,日均死亡10.2人,日死亡最多为40.0人。对应期间出现高温日98 d,热浪日58 d,闷热日79 d。相对于非高温、热浪、闷热日,高温、热浪、闷热天气对心脑血管疾病死亡人数影响的相对危险度分别为1.086（95%置信区间（95%CI）:1.013—1.164）、1.252（95%CI:1.101—1.442）、1.100（95%CI:1.020—1.185）,其最大滞后效应分别为3 d、1 d、0 d,对应死亡人数增加的风险分别为12.2%、31.8%、10.0%,且对女性的影响风险均大于男性。高温、热浪、闷热天气均可导致心脑血管疾病死亡风险的增加,归因滞后1 d热浪死亡的风险最大,归因闷热天气死亡的风险未发现滞后效应,建议依据不同热感天气有针对性地建立健康风险管理和应对机制。 相似文献
4.
基于1966—2015年鲁中地区8个气象站日最高气温、日最低气温和相对湿度气象观测资料,利用年最高气温、高温日数、极端高温日数、暖夜日数、炎热日数和高温热浪日数等指数,研究其极端高温天气变化特征。结果表明:鲁中地区近50 a年最高气温随时间变化呈增加趋势,1990年后增加趋势明显,有6 a左右的主要变化周期,主要空间变化规律一致;极端高温天气呈增强趋势,尤其在1990年以后,年炎热日数和轻度高温热浪日数最多出现在1994年,年高温日数最多出现在1997年,年极端高温、暖夜日数和重度高温热浪日数均出现在2005年;中部地区发生极端高温天气频率高,南部山区发生频率低。 相似文献
5.
高温热浪频发对经济系统影响的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着全球气候变化,极端天气气候事件对全球经济、社会和健康产生了较大影响[1-2]。医学期刊《柳叶刀》发布报告称2017年极端天气气候事件造成的经济损失达到3260亿美元,几乎是2016年的3倍[3]。高温热浪是一种典型的极端天气气候事件,不同区域的高温热浪受湿度等因素的影响而有所差异。世界气象组织(WMO)将高温热浪定义为日最高气温在32℃以上且维持3 d以上的天气过程[4]。中国气象局将日最高气温在35℃及以上且维持3 d以上的天气过程称为高温热浪[5]。 相似文献
6.
SRES A2 情景下中国区域性高温热浪事件变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随全球变暖,应对高温热浪事件是未来现代化城市面临的难题之一。本文利用全球模式-HadAM3p提供的3组不同边界场和初始场驱动区域气候模式系统PRECIS的输出结果,模拟未来情景下中国区域性高温热浪事件发生频率、强度及持续时间的变化趋势。结果表明：全球PRECIS对基准时段（1961-1990年）的高温热浪事件的发生的频率、强度和持续时间及对应的大气环流特征具有较强的模拟能力。相对于基准时段,未来情景下未来时段（2071-2100年）中国各地区的高温热浪的强度增加,发生频率增幅超过了100 %,且持续时间增加30 %以上。此外,观测资料和模拟结果均表明武汉和哈尔滨地区的高温热浪与500 hPa高度场的正距平密切相关。而未来情景下,武汉和哈尔滨地区500 hPa高度场的正距平呈增加趋势,表明这些地区未来可能面临危害更严重的高温热浪事件。 相似文献
7.
利用四川1960~2009年逐日最高气温、欧洲中心ERA Interim1.5°*1.5°再分析资料和ECWMF2.5°*2.5°模式预报场资料,分析四川盆地高温热浪的时空分布特征,归纳出四川盆地高温热浪天气预报模型。结果表明:四川盆地高温热浪天气有三个异常区;区域性高温热浪过程期间100hPa南压高压明显东进,我国至俄罗斯南部地区显著增高;500hPa有青藏高压型、副高型和带状高压型三种环流型。四川盆地高温热浪天气的预报模型为:1)500hPa四川盆地上空为青藏高压或副高或带状高压控制,位势高度达584位势什米以上,其中青藏高压和西太副高需达588位势什米;2)四川盆地上空850hPa上未来三天都为大于24℃的闭合等温线控制。 相似文献
8.
基于惠阳国家气象观测站1953—2018年逐日的日平均气温和日最高气温观测资料,采用线性回归、Mann-Kendall突变检验、相关性分析等统计方法,分析了惠阳高温天气特征及其年代际变化特征。结果表明:1953—2018年惠阳年平均气温呈显著上升趋势(0.017℃/年),年平均气温在1995年发生升温的突变;高温天气出现在5—10月,以7—8月最多;1953—2018年惠阳年平均高温日数为13.8 d,高温日数气候倾向率为0.28 d/年,上升趋势明显,暖期年平均高温日数比冷期年显著增多131%,高温热浪频次则增加160.7%,同时高温热浪强度也呈现显著增长趋势,特别是中度以上高温热浪过程明显增多。 相似文献
9.
上海城市集群化发展显著增强局地高温热浪事件 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
上海作为中国城市集群化发展的典型代表,经过30余年圈层式、集群化扩张,城市建设用地面积比例高达47.9%,接近50%的生态阈值。城市群快速扩张诱发了一个以徐家汇为中心覆盖周边40 km的区域性热岛,影响高温热浪的时空分布。基于DMSP/OLS遥感夜间灯光数据构建的城市发展指数,客观地反映出1992—2013年上海西郊嘉定、青浦和东郊的浦东集群化发展特征最凸出。利用Chow检验最优分段建模法,研究发现高温热浪期间城市群热岛突变转折与区县城市发展指数超过60%的年份相对应。城市发展指数超过60%后,近郊城市继续扩张将缩小城、郊气象站的温差,诱发更大范围热岛,增强高温热浪。1977—2000年近郊区县城市发展指数低于60%,高温热浪各要素项城郊差值显著上升,而2000年西郊城市发展指数超过60%后,和市中心差值减小,快速城市化明显增强西郊高温热浪强度和持续时间。1978年以来上海西郊与远郊高温日数差值增加了1.6倍,平均气温差值增加了34.4%,平均最高气温差值增加了41.7%。高温热浪期间遥感数据显示,向西郊伸展的城市群地表温度高值区规模扩大了32.8%,是西郊高温热浪增强的驱动因子。 相似文献
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海南省不同人群对高温热浪及其影响与适应的感知分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了分析海南省不同人群对高温热浪及其影响与适应的感知程度,抽取海南省18周岁以上居民1 448名作为调查对象进行问卷调查。结果显示,调查对象对高温天气相关知识熟悉程度较低,仅有4.2%的居民非常熟悉,但对高温产生原因和未来变化趋势都有较为正确的认识。高温天气对海南省居民健康有较大的不利影响,九成以上的调查对象都曾在高温天气中出现不适,部分人群因此前往医院就诊。高温预警后,约77%的调查对象都能采取有效措施进行防御,但60岁以上的人群采取有效防护措施的比重相对较低,因此在高温天气中该类人群应加强高温防护。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献