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1.
Alves SR Severino PC Ibbotson DP da Silva AZ Lopes FR Sáenz LA Bainy AC 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):241-245
Furadan is a carbamate pesticide used widely to combat agricultural pests. However little information is available about the toxicity of furadan in aquatic macroinvertebrates. The in vivo effects of furadan were evaluated in mussels, Perna perna, and oysters, Crassostrea rhizophorae. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities were measured in the gills of both species exposed to furadan (100 microg/l) for 96 h. No changes were observed in GST activity in the exposed groups. CAT activity was higher (9%) in the oysters exposed to furadan. ChE activity was inhibited by 64 and 35%, respectively, in C. rhizophorae and P. perna exposed to furadan, suggesting that the former is more susceptible to the toxic effects of furadan. 相似文献
2.
壬基酚对栉孔扇贝组织抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
研究不同浓度的壬基酚(0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40,0.80,1.60mg/L)对扇贝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。试验进行6h,24h和48h后,分别测定扇贝鳃和消化盲囊组织中2种酶的活性。结果显示:①鳃组织中,0.05,0.10和0.20mg/L处理组中的SOD和CAT活性在试验6h后被轻度激活,24h和48h后出现抑制;0.40,0.80和1.60mg/L处理组的酶活性在整个试验过程中均被抑制。②消化盲囊中,0.05和0.10mg/L处理组中的SOD和CAT活性在试验6h后被轻度激活,24h和48h后被抑制;0.40,0.80和1.60mg/L处理组在整个试验过程中均被抑制。③扇贝消化盲囊组织中的SOD和CAT活性均高于鳃组织,对壬基酚的敏感性也高于后者。④扇贝消化盲囊和鳃组织中的SOD和CAT活性对壬基酚的反应变化趋势相似,二者结合,可以作为壬基酚污染的生物标志物。 相似文献
3.
de Toledo-Silva G Siebert MN Medeiros ID Sincero TC Moraes MO Goldstone JV Bainy AC 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):15-18
We have cloned the full-length cDNA of the first member of a new cytochrome P450 (CYP) family from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. This new CYP gene was obtained based on an initial 331bp fragment previously identified among the list of the differentially expressed genes in oysters exposed to untreated domestic sewage. The full-length CYP has an open reading frame of 1500bp and based on its deduced amino acid sequence was classified as a member of a new subfamily, CYP356A1. A phylogenetic analysis showed that CYP356A1 is closely related to members of the CYP17 and CYP1 subfamilies. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyze the CYP356A1 expression in different tissues of the oyster (digestive gland, gill, mantle and adductor muscle). Results showed slightly higher CYP356A1 expression in digestive gland and mantle, than the other tissues, indicating a possible role of the CYP356A1 in xenobiotic biotransformation and/or steroid metabolism. 相似文献
4.
Kinetic and toxicological characteristics of acetylcholinesterase from the gills of oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and other aquatic species 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this work was to characterize the cholinesterases from gills of Crassostrea rhizophorae in order to use them as biomarkers. Gills were homogenized and then centrifuged (9,000 x g, 4 degrees C, 30 min). S9 and Triton X-100 S9 treated (TX S9) fractions were employed as enzyme source. Km(ap) and Vmax were estimated, using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate. Inhibition assays were performed with iso-OMPA and eserine. The Km(ap) for S9 and TX S9 fractions were 0.05 and 0.06 mM, whereas the Vmax were 1.92 and 5.84 nmol/min/mg protein. respectively. No inhibition was detected when the samples were incubated with iso-OMPA, suggesting the presence of acetylcholinesterases (AChE) in oyster gill homogenates. Sensitivity to eserine inhibition of AChE in the gills of oysters is intermediate when compared with other aquatic species. 相似文献
5.
长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)Wnt4基因cDNA克隆与表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wnt4作为Wnt基因家族的重要成员,在动物的生长发育过程中起重要调控作用。本文利用RACE技术克隆了长牡蛎Wnt4基因c DNA全长序列,该序列全长1999bp,开放阅读框为1068bp,编码355个氨基酸,该蛋白序列与人(Homo sapiens)、沙蚕(Platynereis dumerilii)和栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)Wnt4蛋白的相似性分别为44%、48%和46%。通过荧光定量RT-PCR分析长牡蛎Wnt4基因在成体不同组织和不同发育阶段的表达情况,发现长牡蛎的Wnt4基因具有广泛的组织表达特点,在所检测的多种组织中(外套膜、鳃、唇瓣、消化腺、雄性性腺、雌性性腺)均有表达,推测长牡蛎的Wnt4以信号分子的形式参与多种组织细胞的生命过程;长牡蛎个体发育过程中Wnt4基因的高表达主要集中在胚胎发育的早期(桑葚期最高,原肠胚期次之),幼贝期该基因的表达量很低,说明Wnt4基因可能在早期发育阶段参与了某些器官的形成。 相似文献
6.
Rebouças do Amaral MC de Freitas Rebelo M Torres JP Pfeiffer WC 《Marine environmental research》2005,59(4):277-285
In order to study Zn and Cd accumulation and depuration, a set of oysters, Crassostrea rhizophorae, were transplanted to a metal contaminated coastal lagoon and another one was harvested there and transplanted to a non-polluted site. C. rhizophorae oysters and Perna perna mussels native from both sites were collected in order to monitor variability of metal concentration in resident populations. After three months exposure, oysters transplanted to the polluted site accumulated fourfold Zn (307-1319 microgg(-1)) without reaching the concentration level of resident oysters (9770 microgg(-1)). Cadmium concentrations had a slight but significant decrease during the same period (1.25-0.54 microgg(-1)). Oysters transplanted to the non-polluted site, showed threefold Zn depuration (6727-2404 microgg(-1)), while Cd had no significant variation (0.90-1.45 microgg(-1)). Results showed that transplanted oysters do not reach heavy metal concentrations in indigenous populations suggesting transplanted organisms would be better used to evaluate bioavailability instead of environmental concentrations. 相似文献
7.
Biochemical responses in farmed mussel Perna perna transplanted to contaminated sites on Santa Catarina Island, SC, Brazil. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A C Bainy E A Almeida I C Müller E C Ventura I D Medeiros 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5):411-416
The effects of contaminants on the biochemical parameters of the intensively farmed mussel Perna perna, are unknown. The aim of this study was to compare biochemical responses in mussels held in clean and contaminated sites in Santa Catarina Island, Brazil. Mussels were transplanted from a farming area, Ratones Grande Island (RGI), to two contaminated sites, Itacorubi (ITAC) and Hercílio Luz Bridge (HLB). A reference group was kept at RGI. After 150 and 180 days of exposure, the digestive glands of the mussels were analyzed for catalase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. No changes were observed in the catalase activity, in both periods. Low G6PDH activity was observed in mussels transplanted for 150 days at the ITAC site. Increased GST activity was observed in mussels from ITAC and HLG sites after 180 days. These responses are probably related to the augmented discharges of domestic effluents associated with elevated rainfall index. 相似文献
8.
几种化学物质对两种牡蛎幼虫附着和变态的诱导 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文研究5种神经递质和1种神经肽对两种牡蛎幼虫附着和变态的诱导效应。结果表明：L－多巴对牡蛎幼虫附着行为的诱导快速而有效，浓度10μmol/dm^3，2h内有附着行为的幼虫约占50％，并使之正常变态，肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和L－多巴均能有效地诱导两种牡蛎幼虫变态，它们的最适诱导浓度分别为50、50和5μmol/dm^3，诱导变态率分别达97．1％、90．6％和70．5％（长牡蛎），74．9％、74．3％和37．2％（僧帽牡蛎）；多巴胺的诱导变态效果不显著，而γ－氨基丁酸和5－羟色胺不能有效诱导变态。两种牡蛎幼虫对上述有效诱导药物的反应，长牡蛎优于僧帽牡蛎。肾上腺素诱导长牡蛎，最适处理时机在眼点幼虫后期，持续处理时间为2h之内。 相似文献
9.
Wnt基因家族编码一类保守的分泌型糖蛋白,广泛参与细胞分化与增殖、细胞运动、凋亡、免疫调控以及色素生成等生物学过程。本研究鉴定了一个长牡蛎Wnt家族基因——CgWnt5b,比较了黑、白壳色长牡蛎中CgWnt5b转录水平的表达情况,并对其在调控黑色素生成方面的功能进行初步研究。研究结果显示,CgWnt5b编码序列全长1116 bp,编码371个氨基酸。生物信息学分析预测CgWnt5b蛋白相对分子量为42 KDa,等电点为9.28。对CgWnt5b与哺乳动物Wnt基因家族19个成员进行系统发育分析,确定了CgWnt5b为哺乳动物Wnt5a和Wnt5b的同源基因。荧光实时定量PCR检测长牡蛎外套膜、鳃、消化腺、闭壳肌、性腺、唇瓣以及血淋巴组织中CgWnt5b的mRNA分布,结果显示,CgWnt5b在外套膜、闭壳肌和唇瓣组织中的相对表达水平较高,在消化腺、鳃、血淋巴和性腺组织中相对表达量较低。黑壳长牡蛎中CgWnt5b mRNA表达量显著低于白壳长牡蛎,且siRNA敲降CgWnt5b的表达后,多个黑色素生成相关酪氨酸酶基因的表达显著上调。综上,本研究在长牡蛎中鉴定了一个Wnt家族成员CgWnt5b,可能通过抑制黑色素生成关键基因TYR的表达抑制长牡蛎中黑色素的生成。 相似文献
10.
海水酸化暴露可对海洋生物产生多层面的影响。本研究以潮间带野生与潮下带养殖长牡蛎(不同生境背景)的不同组织(鳃、外套膜及消化腺)为研究对象,分析在室内调控p CO2模拟海水酸化暴露条件下,其基础代谢活动、能量代谢以及氧化应激相关指标的变化情况。结果显示:海水酸化暴露后,两种长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的基础代谢过程均受到了一定抑制作用且受影响程度差异明显。潮间带野生与潮下带养殖长牡蛎的关键生理过程(能量代谢及氧化应激)对海水酸化暴露存在不同的响应变化,表明两种长牡蛎应对海水酸化的调节机制可能存在差异。依据PLS-DA分析结果显示,在所有生理指标中,对样本的差异贡献较高(VIP值1)的指标为:SDH、AST、ATPase、ATP含量、糖原含量、CAT、GST及SOD,表明海水酸化暴露后,在两种长牡蛎的3种组织中上述指标的响应变化程度更大。综合评价分析多个生理指标的整体变化揭示:在海水酸化暴露条件下,潮间带野生长牡蛎比潮下带养殖长牡蛎对海水酸化的生理响应更为剧烈;相比于鳃及消化腺组织,长牡蛎外套膜组织可能受影响更大。 相似文献
11.
de Abreu Corrêa A Albarnaz JD Moresco V Poli CR Teixeira AL Oliveira Simões CM Monte Barardi CR 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(5):479-489
The State of Santa Catarina produces the greatest quantity of edible mollusks in Brazil. To guarantee sanitary qualify, mollusk cultures should be monitored for contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. A self-purification or "depuration" system that eliminates Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contamination from oysters has been developed and evaluated. The depuration process occurred within a closed system, in which 1000 L of water was recirculated for 24 h. The water was sterilized with ultraviolet (UV) light, chlorine, or both together. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated with S. typhimurium were harvested every 6 h. Samples of oyster tissue were excised and both the presence and numbers of bacteria were determined. Combined UV light and chlorine treatments resulted in total elimination of bacteria within 12 h. Polymerase chain reaction detected bacteria in water exposed to the three treatments. This pioneering study is the first of its kind in Brazil and represents a major contribution to commercial mollusk culture in this country. 相似文献
12.
13.
原油污染对栉孔扇贝抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以原油水溶性成分(water soluble fraction of crude oil,WSF)为污染物,采用暴露实验法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)鳃和消化腺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性的变化.结果表明,WSF污染下,鳃和消化腺组织SOD和CAT酶活性随暴露时间增加一般表现为降低-升高-降低的趋势,酶活性达到最高的时间随浓度不同而变化.第1天时消化腺SOD在0.08 mg/L浓度下被诱导,而后随时间增加表现为抑制效应;浓度为0.21和0.88 mg/L时消化腺SOD酶活性被抑制,随暴露时间延长而活性增加.暴露时间为4d时,石油烃浓度在0.08和0.88 mg/L时鳃组织SOD酶活性均被抑制,而浓度为0.21 mg/L时被诱导.消化腺和鳃组织SOD可以作为扇贝被污染胁迫的指标. 相似文献
14.
The effects of 7 days’ exposure to differing Triclosan (TCS) concentrations (300, 600, and 900 ng/L) were investigated in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Vitellogenin (Vg)-like protein levels in haemolymph and digestive gland from males and females, gill acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in gills and digestive gland, and gill lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. The highest TCS concentrations decreased significantly Vg levels in male haemolymph and digestive gland, whereas no significant variations were found in females. The highest TCS concentrations increased significantly SOD activity in gills, but decreased it in digestive gland. No changes in CAT activity were observed. In gills, TCS reduced significantly AChE activity, but it did not induce significant variations in LPO. Our study demonstrates that TCS alters biochemical parameters in R. philippinarum, even at environmentally realistic concentrations, and suggests differing modes of action of the contaminant, in clams at least. 相似文献
15.
实验运用淀粉凝胶电泳的方法检测了１龄养殖太平洋牡蛎Ｃｒａｓｏｓｔｒｅａｇｉｇａｓ５个基因座位上的基因型和杂合度。根据孟德尔自由分离规律,从子代的基因型推断出亲代可能的基因。杂合度的分析表明,人工培育的１龄太平洋牡蛎在Ａａｔ２、Ａｈ１、Ａｈ２、Ｉｄｈ１和Ｌａｐ５个多态位点上的杂合度符合Ｈ－Ｗ平衡规律,未发现明显的杂合子缺失现象。 相似文献
16.
典型的开管式软体动物长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）具有开闭壳的行为习惯,易使大量海水成分进入体内。因此,海水中的微生物极易附着于长牡蛎的软体部表面。本研究利用16S rRNA对长牡蛎外套膜着色区和无色区以及其生活区域海水进行了微生物多样性比较分析。结果显示：长牡蛎外套膜表面的微生物多样性与丰富度均高于海水。在门水平上,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为长牡蛎外套膜着色区与无色区的共同优势菌类,而海水中优势菌类为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）。在属水平上,主要发现了弧菌（Vibrio）、假交替单孢菌（Pseudoalteromonas）和海洋单胞菌（Marinomonas）在内的28个菌属。此外,线性判别分析（Linear discriminant analysis effect size,LeFSe）显示,外套膜着色区与无色区的微生物标志物存在差异。着色区的主要标志物为螺旋体科未分类属（norank＿f＿Spirochaetaceae）,而无色区的主要标志物为弧菌（Vibrio）。综上,长牡蛎外套膜组织表面与海水之间的微生物组成存在较大差异。尽管外套膜着色... 相似文献
17.
Medeiros ID Siebert MN de Toledo e Silva G Moraes MO Marques MR Bainy AC 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):156-157
In order to investigate the influence of domestic sewage on the gene expression of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was employed. Oysters were sampled at a farming area and, after 10 days of acclimation in the laboratory, were exposed to untreated domestic sewage diluted 33% for 48 h. Gills of male oysters were excised for total RNA extraction. mRNA was purified and the differential gene expression was analyzed by SSH. We obtained 61 cDNA sequences but only 15 were identified, which includes fatty acid binding protein, multidrug resistance protein, omega glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450 isoform CYP356A1, among others. The identified genes are associated with different metabolic functions like biotransformation, membrane transport, aerobic metabolism and translational machinery, evidencing the potential toxic effects elicited by these effluents. 相似文献
18.
Investigations on seasonal variation in oxidative stress biomarkers were carried out on the natural population of green-lipped mussel Perna viridis collected from Bambolim beach area of Goa. Oxidative stress indices such as lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA) were measured in gills and digestive gland of P. viridis during February, May, August and November. The present study reveals two important aspects regarding the antioxidant defence status of tissues of P. viridis. Firstly, antioxidant capacity of tissues of P. viridis exhibits seasonal variation. Secondly, various components of antioxidant capacity such as oxidative stress markers, levels of antioxidant enzymes and small antioxidant molecules vary differently in tissues with respect to different seasons. Although the oxidative stress status of gills and digestive gland of P. viridis expressed in terms of LPX and H2O2 was the lowest in February, its level was maximal in gills and digestive gland during May and November, respectively. While activities of SOD and GPX of tissues of P. viridis were found to be low in August, activities of CAT and GR were recorded to be low in February. GST activity in gills although remained high in February, in digestive gland elevated values were recorded in August and November. A seasonal variation in the levels of small antioxidant molecules was also noticed. Among non enzymatic antioxidants ASA content of tissues was maximal in May and August in comparison to February and November, but GSH remained high in November. It therefore appears that environmental factors may play a crucial role in regulating the oxidative stress capacity of tissues of P. viridis. 相似文献
19.
为探究健康二龄熊本牡蛎、葡萄牙牡蛎和长牡蛎5种组织间细菌群落组成、多样性和功能的差异,本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术和PICRUSt2对3种牡蛎5种组织中的细菌群落构成及其潜在功能进行了比较分析。结果显示,在3种牡蛎的5种组织中共鉴定到6 020个细菌OTUs,其中3种牡蛎整体间共有的OTUs数占42.4%。3种牡蛎5种组织中的优势菌主要隶属于γ-变形菌纲（γ-proteobacteria）、α-变形菌纲（α-proteobacteria）、柔壁菌门（Tenericutes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。弧菌属（Vibrio）在熊本牡蛎的鳃、外套膜、性腺和血淋巴中的相对丰度均显著高于长牡蛎和葡萄牙牡蛎,且分别在熊本牡蛎外套膜、长牡蛎性腺和葡萄牙牡蛎血淋巴中相对丰度最高,但均在3种牡蛎肝胰腺中相对丰度最低。3种牡蛎5种组织间的菌群多样性均有所差异,其中在熊本牡蛎鳃、葡萄牙牡蛎外套膜和长牡蛎血淋巴中菌群多样性最高,而在熊本牡蛎血淋巴、葡萄牙牡蛎性腺和长牡蛎肝胰腺中菌群多样性最低。在不区分组织的情况下,3种牡蛎整体间的菌群结构存在显著差异（r=0.661,p<0.001）。此外,在熊本牡蛎肝胰腺、葡萄牙牡蛎鳃和长牡蛎血淋巴中细菌参与的能量代谢相关功能通路的相关丰度显著高于对应牡蛎的其他组织。本文结果表明,熊本牡蛎、葡萄牙牡蛎和长牡蛎组织内的菌群构成存在差异,且由细菌介导的功能也随牡蛎种类和组织类型发生改变。 相似文献
20.
长牡蛎的壳色有很多种,其中壳色较深个体(黑壳)比较浅个体(白壳)的外套膜中含有更多的黑色素。本研究采用高效液相色谱-质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定天然海水中白壳与黑壳长牡蛎外套膜双酚A (BPA)含量,发现黑壳长牡蛎外套膜中的BPA含量较白壳长牡蛎低(P0.05)。由于黑色素合成过程中的关键——酶酪氨酸酶是一种酚氧化酶,可以通过对氧化酚类或芳胺类等多种底物的氧化起催化作用,推测其在BPA等酚类毒物的降解中也发挥重要作用。为了进一步研究不同黑色素含量牡蛎对BPA降解能力和对BPA损伤抵抗能力的差异,本实验进行了浓度为1 mg/L,1.5 mg/L和2 mg/L的BPA亚慢性暴露实验:通过对暴露后长牡蛎外套膜组织中BPA含量分析发现,白壳与黑壳长牡蛎外套膜中BPA含量均随着暴露浓度的升高而升高,且3种浓度BPA亚慢性暴露后,黑壳长牡蛎外套膜BPA含量均低于白壳长牡蛎,但是差异不显著(P0.05)。采用3种浓度BPA亚慢性暴露后,黑壳长牡蛎外套膜组织中活性氧(ROS)荧光值均显著低于白壳长牡蛎(P0.01)。通过对外套膜组织学观察发现,2 mg/L的高浓度BPA暴露使白壳长牡蛎外套膜组织发生了明显的病理变化,黑壳长牡蛎外套膜未发生明显的病理变化。可见,黑壳长牡蛎对BPA暴露可能具有更强的抵抗能力。 相似文献