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1.
太行山对北京“7.21”特大暴雨的影响及水汽敏感性分析的数值研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
运用GRAPES_Meso模式对2012年7月21—22日发生在北京地区附近的特大暴雨过程进行数值模拟和地形、水汽的敏感性试验。地形敏感性试验发现,在这次特大暴雨过程中,由于太行山北端的阻挡作用,使得气流和水汽辐合、抬升,加强了对流过程;对流层低层山前东南风和西南风、北风的辐合带增大了气旋性涡度,使东移到北京的低涡稳定维持5 h左右,对降水有明显的增幅作用;而且地形起伏和地形海拔高度对降水都有明显增幅作用,地形起伏的增幅作用较地形高度的大。水汽敏感性试验发现在这次特大暴雨过程中,水汽条件较小的变化,会导致水汽输送的明显差异,从而导致降水量显著地改变。 相似文献
2.
地形对2011年9月华西致灾暴雨强迫作用的数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用GRAPES_Meso模式对2011年9月16-18日发生在陕西、四川的连续特大致洪暴雨过程进行数值模拟.通过对比3套敏感性试验结果,揭示了气流与地形相互作用对本次致灾暴雨的影响,结果如下:(1)16-18日在台风和蒙古高压共同影响下,850 hPa在黄、渤海形成偏东水汽通道,使大量水汽经华北平原输送至华西地区,气流被秦岭分割为南北两支,北支在秦岭北侧受到迎风坡阻挡,形成强迫抬升和水汽辐合中心;南支暖湿气流从东部灌入汉中平原,受到“喇叭口”地形挤压而辐合上升.(2)平原与高大山脉的交错相间地形导致条带状正负垂直运动带产生,在垂直方向上形成强烈的抽吸作用,加之该地区16-18日丰沛的水汽交汇,从而引发大范围强降水.(3)海拔高度与地表起伏度均对降雨有较大影响,在同样海拔情况下,地表起伏度越大,就越容易产生暴雨. 相似文献
3.
利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料对2014年8月30日发生在秦岭南麓一次暴雨天气过程的成因进行了诊断分析,并利用中尺度模式WRF V3.3对此次暴雨过程进行了模拟和地形敏感性试验。结果表明:(1)500hPa西风槽,700hPa、850hPa低涡切变和副高外围西南暖湿气流是暴雨的主要影响天气系统。(2)秦巴山区起伏地形,使陕南降水增多,关中降水减少;而地形起伏大小,会影响关中地区降水落区,地形起伏越大,关中地区降水落区越偏南;若去掉秦巴山区地形起伏,陕南降水落区和强度均减小,雨带北移。(3)秦巴山区对偏南气流的阻挡,使秦岭上空形成一风速梯度大值区,造成风速和水汽的辐合,激发上升运动,产生强降水;当秦巴山区地形高度按比例降低,或去掉秦巴山区地形起伏时,均造成秦岭上空风速梯度减小,水汽辐合减弱,雨强减小。(4)秦巴山区地形对秦岭地区降水有增幅作用,地形高度和降水强度呈正相关,地形越低,层结不稳定条件越差,能量越弱,上升运动越小,雨强就越小。 相似文献
4.
《湖北气象》2021,40(2)
利用常规气象观测资料、卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达资料、区域自动气象站资料与NECP/NCAR 1°×1°逐6 h全球再分析资料,对2016年7月3—4日梵净山东南侧暖区特大暴雨的中尺度系统演变与环境场特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)该过程暴雨发生在副热带高压西北侧高空槽区、低层暖切变南侧、低空急流左前端及高空200 hPa分流辐散区,主要影响系统为500 hPa高空槽和850 hPa暖切变线,地面无明显冷空气影响,属贵州暖区极端暴雨。(2)此次暖区暴雨是由4个对流云团连续影响直接造成,强降雨出现在对流云团中心附近及其后侧云顶亮温(T_(BB))等值线梯度大值区。(3)暴雨由积状云为主的混合降水回波造成;暖云层和湿层深厚、低层水汽输送充沛、异常偏低的自由对流高度(LFC)和抬升凝结高度(LCL)及中等强度"瘦高"型对流有效位能分布,是形成高效率降水的有利环境条件。(4)梵净山对水汽向北输送具有阻挡作用,使水汽通量大值带和水汽辐合中心集中在其东南侧;边界层偏东风在山前转向南流与南来偏南气流在暴雨区形成东西向稳定中尺度辐合线,对流在辐合线附近触发、合并、加强和东移是造成特大暴雨的重要原因;迎风坡和喇叭口地形的中小尺度动力强迫有利于边界层水汽输送和抬升凝结。 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和WRF模式对2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨过程进行数值模拟,结果表明,WRF模式能够成功模拟出本次暴雨过程,特别是对100 mm以上的大暴雨也有较强的模拟能力。基于控制试验,针对北京地区复杂的地形,设计了4组地形敏感性试验。试验结果表明:北京地区局部地形的改变对暴雨落区的模拟影响不大,但对暴雨中心的分布和强度有影响,特别是西南部的局部地形对于本次暴雨过程中降水中心的落区具有很大影响,而北部和东北部的局部地形则作用不明显。进一步研究表明,北京地区西南部的局部地形主要是通过影响低层偏南风急流的流场结构,改变强辐合区和垂直运动的分布和强度,进而引起降水中心位置和强度的改变。 相似文献
6.
地形对暖区暴雨的发生发展有着重要影响。以粤北一次暖区暴雨为例,从大尺度背景、中尺度特征及预报难点等方面分析了地形的作用,并利用CMA-GD模式进行了地形敏感性试验。结果表明:此次暴雨在副高与西风槽之间的双低空急流下发生,南岭地形对低空急流的动力作用、对θse舌和水汽的阻滞拦截作用,为暴雨出现在粤北创造有利条件;地形热力作用下产生的中尺度辐合线是对流触发的机制。敏感性试验显示南岭地形对暖区暴雨的落区影响显著,降水落区随南岭地形升高(降低)而往南(北)偏移。西南急流在经过南岭时,低层风速、散度、温度以及垂直速度都会随地形改变而发生明显变化。当南岭地形高度降低时,正面阻挡和摩擦作用减弱,急流、辐合及上升运动区向北推进到西风槽附近,导致雨区往北偏移;南岭地形高度升高时,地形阻挡和摩擦作用增强,辐合及上升运动区被阻隔在南岭南侧,暖区对流提前触发,雨区发生在粤北。可见,此次暴雨过程主要来自大尺度环流背景的影响,但其落区与南岭地形密切相关。 相似文献
7.
利用NCEP再分析资料和WRF模式,对2014年8月31日重庆市云阳县特大暴雨进行形势分析和数值模拟,针对重庆地区地形设计了三组地形敏感性试验,分析地形改变对暴雨过程热力条件和水汽条件的影响。结果表明:低纬地区不稳定能量大量积聚并向北传播,在地形和急流的垂直扰动触发下,对流强烈发展;850 h Pa低空急流将来自南海的水汽输送至重庆地区,水汽低层辐合、高层辐散形成的抽吸作用引发水汽的垂直输送。大巴山高度降低后,不稳定厚度减小导致对流强度明显降低;阻挡作用降低不利于水汽在暴雨区的汇聚;水汽辐合、辐散的强度降低导致水汽的垂直输送强度明显减弱。齐岳山高度降低后,低空急流所引起的垂直扰动位置偏南导致高能舌和对流活动位置偏南;水汽输送中心南压,水汽通道变宽导致暴雨区上空水汽输送减弱;低空急流位置偏南导致其所引起的水汽辐合时间偏晚。 相似文献
8.
2019年超强台风“利奇马”引发浙江特大暴雨过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP FNL 0.25°×0.25°的再分析资料和浙江省中尺度气象站降水资料,从产生强降水的条件来对“利奇马”特大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)强降水主要集中在近台风中心的西南部分及其稍远的北部,其中近台风中心为眼壁降水,北部为螺旋云带降水;(2)850~925 hPa水汽通量辐合中心与暴雨落区一致,水汽辐合强度差异是造成台风眼壁强降水落区差异的关键;(3)台风强度大时近中心上升运动强烈,正垂直螺旋度中心值的减小和中心下降对应强降水的发生,低层正螺旋度和高层负螺旋度中心的重叠区对对流性降水落区有一定的指示;(4)本次过程地形增益最明显地区在台州北部,在水汽条件处于劣势情况下出现降水副中心。 相似文献
9.
天山北坡一次特大暴雨过程诊断分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用常规资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料对2007年7月16—17日天山北坡出现的特大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明：暴雨发生在100hPa南亚高压呈双体型、500 hPa中亚低值系统在天山北坡东段稳定维持的环流背景下;沿天山两侧的强东西风切变组织了系统性的强上升运动、低层向山的偏北气流与天山北坡向北开口的喇叭口地形产生的辐合上升运动促使暴雨强度增大;暴雨区与低层辐合、高层辐散的气旋性涡柱区相对应;来自孟加拉湾沿高原东侧偏南气流北上的水汽,通过中高层的西南气流和低空的偏东气流两条路径接力输送到暴雨区;正位涡异常与暴雨的发生关系密切。 相似文献
10.
利用地面加密自动站观测资料、雷达和NCEP1.0°×1.0°再分析资料,对0513号台风"泰利"引发浙南特大暴雨过程进行了分析。结果表明,此次降水具有明显的时空分布特征:特大暴雨出现在温州西南部,强降水主要集中在3~4个小时内;500 hPa西风槽、大陆高压及副高的演变直接影响台风的移向;低层东南部海面的强水汽输送带为暴雨区提供了充足的水汽;雷达强回波带的稳定维持是造成温州西南部特大暴雨的直接原因;暴雨发生前后物理量场——涡度场、垂直速度场、螺旋度场、水汽含量场、水汽通量散度场分布基本一致,能很好地对应特大暴雨的落区及强降水的集中时段。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献