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1.
利用新疆巴楚气象站1983—2012年逐日气象资料及冬小麦生育期资料,采用线性回归、Pearson相关系数方法,分析了巴楚县气候要素和冬小麦生育期的变化特征,以及气候变化对生育期的影响。结果表明:(1)近30 a巴楚县冬小麦生育期内气候变暖趋势明显,月平均气温、月最高气温和月最低气温整体呈上升趋势,日照时数减少,降水量增多。(2)冬小麦播种、抽穗和成熟期提前,越冬开始和返青期延后,全生育期呈缩短趋势。冬前冬小麦生育天数增加,越冬开始—返青期、返青—抽穗期长度缩短,抽穗—成熟期延长。(3)1—2月气温降低是巴楚冬小麦返青期延后的主要原因,而抽穗和成熟期提前则主要受3—4月、4—6月的气温升高影响。 相似文献
2.
石家庄冬小麦需水量变化特征及气象影响因子 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用石家庄地区9个气象站1964—2012年的气象数据,以彭曼-蒙蒂斯(Penman-Monteith)公式以及作物系数修订公式为基础,计算了冬小麦各生育阶段的需水量;运用趋势分析、5年滑动平均、变异系数、Morlet小波分析、Pearson相关系数等方法分析了各生育阶段需水量的变化规律及影响因子。结果表明:石家庄地区冬小麦各生育阶段需水量总体呈下降趋势,1965—1987年,播种至越冬期、抽穗至成熟期以及全生育期下降趋势尤为明显,1988—2012年,返青至拔节期的需水量表现为显著上升趋势,其余生育阶段以及全生育期的需水量趋势变化不明显;近48年来,各生育阶段的需水量均存在4年以上的振荡周期;各生育阶段需水量的空间分布均由东北向西南递增,变化趋势由北向南递减;日照时数与冬小麦各生育阶段需水量呈最大正相关,相对湿度呈最大负相关。 相似文献
3.
江苏省冬小麦播种期对气候要素变化的响应 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用江苏省35个气象台站1961- 2009年冬小麦播种期内的气象观测资料,采用数理统计方法,分析了近49 a来冬小麦播种期内各气候要素的变化.结果表明:江苏省冬小麦主要播种期内的日平均气温随着时间的推移逐渐升高,且相关显著,其中淮河以南地区升高速度更快;秋季稳定通过15℃的终日总体呈逐年推迟趋势,尽管部分年际间波动较大;按传统播期播种到越冬的≥0℃有效积温与年序也呈极显著正相关关系.分析沭阳、淮安、盱眙、滨海、赣榆和徐州6个农业气象观测站的冬小麦发育期资料,及当地冬小麦播种至越冬前积温资料.结果表明:各地冬小麦播种至越冬≥0℃有效积温总体上逐年增加.此外,冬小麦播种期内降水量的波动较大,尤其自1990s中期以来,各地降水量呈逐年递减趋势.得出结论:江苏省冬小麦应适时晚播,并应趁墒及时播种. 相似文献
4.
增温对华北冬小麦生产影响的试验研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为了探索和验证未来地表气温升高对中国冬小麦生产的影响,了解冬小麦生长发育和产量对增温响应的基本特征,在田间条件下采用红外辐射器增温的方法(FATI)对冬小麦全生育期进行昼夜增温处理,分析了增温对冬小麦生长发育和产量构成及其耗水量的影响。结果表明,全生育期增温使冬小麦返青期显著提前,冬后生育阶段整体前移10d以上,全生育期天数减少,但营养生长时间大幅增加,开花至乳熟时间延长,乳熟至成熟时间缩短;在偏冷年份,增温处理保障了小麦的正常分蘖和生长,株高显著提高,有效穗数比对照增加27.4%,籽粒产量比对照大幅增加;在偏暖年份,增温导致小麦穗分化时间延长,穗粒数增加,灌浆中后期遭受高温危害,千粒重显著降低,产量下降;增温致使冬小麦生产耗水量增加。就华北冬小麦而言,冬季及早春一定幅度的升温有利于小麦生产,但增幅过大可能会导致不利结果;而春末夏初升温对小麦生产是不利的。 相似文献
5.
鲁中地区冬小麦水分盈亏及灌溉需水量的时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱气象》2016,(5)
利用1980—2014年鲁中地区气象资料和冬小麦生育期资料,采用Penman-Monteith模型和单作物系数计算冬小麦各生育阶段需水量,利用美国农业土壤保持局推荐方法计算有效降水量、水分盈亏指数(CWSDI)和灌溉需水量,对冬小麦不同生育阶段的需水量、有效降水量、水分盈亏指数及灌溉需水量时空变化进行分析。结果表明:近35 a来,鲁中平原地区冬小麦全生育期需水量呈弱的减少趋势,山区呈增加趋势;拔节—乳熟期是需水量最大的阶段,呈减少趋势,强度中心在中部地区。有效降水量全生育期呈减少趋势,拔节—乳熟期呈增加趋势,强度中心在中部地区;除平原地区的越冬期外,其它生育阶段有效降水量呈减少趋势。CWSDI全生育期呈减少趋势,乳熟—成熟期减少幅度最大,自中部向南北两边递减。为满足冬小麦需水要求,全生育期平均灌溉需水量515 mm,呈上升趋势,强度中心在西部地区,拔节—乳熟期是灌溉需水量最大的阶段,呈减少趋势,返青—拔节期是增加趋势最明显的阶段。 相似文献
6.
小麦发育期对冬季积温变化的响应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用沁阳站1980-2007年冬季积温和小麦发育期资料,分析了冬季积温和小麦发育期的变化规律,用相关分析和典型年份对比方法探讨了冬季积温对小麦发育期的影响.结果表明:1980-2007年冬季积温增加率为6.8(℃·d)/a,1995年以后小麦发育期基本持续提前;冬季积温与冬小麦各发育期呈负相关,最显著的是起身期,其次是抽穗、开花、返青期;冬季积温典型偏高年份作物平均发育期比典型偏低年份的早,最明显的是起身期,提前了26 d,其次是返青期为21 d,再次是全生育期为16 d. 相似文献
7.
利用河南省24个地面气象站1961-2009年逐日降水和气温资料计算SPEI(标准化降水蒸散指数),并按照SPEI的标准界值将干旱强度划分为轻度干旱、中度干旱和极端干旱.根据河南省冬小麦的生长特点将小麦生育期划分为生育前期、分蘖期和返青-抽穗-成熟期.采用Meteoinfo软件、Morlet小波分析方法、线性回归研究不同生育期干旱变化趋势、覆盖范围、发生频率、周期及空间分布,结果表明,冬小麦各个生育阶段均出现过不同程度的干旱,只是不同地区、不同年份发生的频率和强度不同,但各阶段均存在着轻度干旱发生的概率最大,而极端干旱发生的概率最小的特点.驻马店地区在各阶段发生干旱的概率都较大.对河南省冬小麦全生育期的SPEI分析表明,全生育期干旱出现概率的极值中心有显著的10 a左右的周期变化特征,近年来干旱指数呈逐渐增大的趋势. 相似文献
8.
气温变化对鲁西北冬小麦最佳适播期的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
近十几年来,地处鲁西北地区的桓台县年平均气温呈上升趋势,冬半年气温上升较明显,冬小麦的生长受其影响,冬前旺长和绿体越冬时常出现,冬小麦抗低温能力受到影响,容易成灾。降低冬小麦冬前旺长几率,可以通过选取适应气温变化的播种时间来增强冬小麦抗低温能力。将冬小麦播种出苗所需要的日平均气温、播种至停止生长期积温、播种到收获所需总积温等3个农业气象指标,与近10年气温变化统计比较,发现在气温升高趋势下,冬小麦适宜播种的最佳时段比传统的播种时间明显后推。 相似文献
9.
水分利用效率(WUE)反映了作物耗水量与干物质生产及籽粒产量的关系,提高作物WUE是保障水资源紧缺条件下农业持续稳定发展的关键。根据近30 a郑州地区冬小麦全生育期平均气温、土壤湿度和产量资料,利用数理统计方法,分析了近30 a冬小麦全生育期平均气温与冬小麦WUE的关系,在此基础上模拟了在不同增温、降水减少的气候变化情景下对冬小麦WUE的影响。结果表明:郑州地区近30 a冬小麦全生育期平均气温递增率约为0.82℃/10a;0—100 cm土壤平均湿度呈下降趋势,土壤有效含水量约以44.9 mm/10a的速率递减;实际耗水量年际间平均以18.2 mm/10a的速率递增;气温升高与小麦WUE变化表现为不显著的负相关。未来各情景下冬小麦WUE均比当前的WUE有所增加,其中增温2.4℃、降水减少10%时WUE比基础情景增加了15.5%,但WUE的数值并不随气温增加和降水减少而无限递增,当气温增加2.4℃、降水减少量超过20%时,WUE开始下降。 相似文献
10.
基于冬小麦分期播种试验,结合自然大田冬小麦越冬冻害调查实况资料,分析研究2017/2018年偏冷冬年份华北北部冬小麦越冬冻害的成因及对产量的影响。结果表明:适应气候变暖,冬小麦播期推迟,但华北北部播种期不应晚于10月21日,播种期推迟或秸秆还田,应加大播种量,确保出苗率和基本苗。品种推广和生产选种时宜冬性和半冬性品种搭配种植,防御出现"冷冬"导致冬小麦越冬冻害的潜在风险。越冬冻害死苗率每增加1%,其产量减少约1 kg·hm~(-2)。冬小麦播种期受降雨且降水多的影响,晚播,播种质量差以及品种冬性、春性特性差异,除草农药使用不当等是越冬冻害死苗率增加的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献