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一种甲壳素硫酸酯制备条件的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
由于甲壳素的水不溶性特点，使其应用受到一定的限制，因此改性甲壳素的开发更受到重视。甲壳素硫酸酯属改性甲壳素，具有类肝素的功能，如：抗炎，抗凝血，降血脂，降低毛细血管的通透性等。本文主要研究了水溶性甲壳素硫酸酯的制备条件［１］为甲壳素的进一步应用提供理论依据。１材料与方法１．１材料自制甲壳素（脱乙酰度分别为８０．４％，５８％，４５．２％，２０．８％）；浓硫酸（化学纯）；氢氧化钠（化学纯）；无水乙醇。１．２仪器与设备标准口四口圆底烧瓶；搅拌机；旋转蒸发器；阴阳离子交换脂。１．３有机硫测定方法称取干燥… 相似文献
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符合药用质量要求的甲壳素精制工艺 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文探讨了符合以下药用质量要求的甲壳素的精制工艺，甲壳素脱乙酰度在７０－９０％之间，钙的含量〈０．５％，总蛋含量在７－８％之间，灰分〈１％，酸不溶性灰分〈０．０５％，无毒，为甲壳素在医药上的应用，提供了生产数据。 相似文献
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从虾壳中分离到一株乳杆菌BR-3,研究发现其最佳发酵起始pH为6.50,最佳培养温度为35℃,在此培养温度下达到对数生长期的时间为42h。采用乳杆菌发酵方法,进行了虾壳制备甲壳素的研究,比较了接种量、葡萄糖加入量、发酵时间等因素对产品质量的影响。结果表明,当接种量为10%、葡萄糖浓度为4.5%、固液比为1︰3、发酵温度为(35±2)℃、发酵时间为3—4d时,平均灰分去除率达95.67%,甲壳素产品灰分含量均小于6%,最低可达1%,产品质量等于或优于传统的酸碱生产方法。发酵液可部分或全部回收,洗涤废水可作下一轮发酵用水,生产废水接近零排放。虾壳乳酸发酵法生产甲壳素是一种清洁生产方法。BR-3培养时间短,培养条件粗放,温度和pH适应范围宽,产酸效率高,残糖少,适合于工业化生产。 相似文献
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甲壳素对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
齐春惠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(5):777-781
采用正交实验法 ,使用甲壳素 (粗制壳聚糖 ) ,研究温度、时间、吸附剂用量、酸度、盐效应对甲壳素吸附水中溶解的 Cr( )离子的吸附过程的影响 ,将实验结果进行极差分析 ,得到较优的吸附条件。实验结果表明 :在 p H =2、30℃、离子强度 5 mmol/ L的条件下 ,甲壳素对 Cr( )的最大吸附量为 13.1mg/ g。根据化学平衡及红外光谱分析结果表明 :甲壳素对 Cr( )的吸附主要是游离氨基静电吸附 Cr2 O2 -7,吸附符合 L angmuir吸附等温式 相似文献
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从虾、蟹、蛤等海产品加工业的堆弃物中可以提取10％～30％的有用有机质——甲壳素(Chitin),又名甲壳质,壳多糖。由于其大量存在于低等动物,特别是节肢动物(如虾、蟹、昆虫等)的甲壳中,故俗称甲壳素,国内又称不溶性甲壳质。它是地球上最丰富的有机质之一。据统计,自然界每年由生物合成的甲壳素有数十亿吨之多,是一种十分丰富的再生资源。 相似文献
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利用甲壳素为唯一碳源从土壤中筛选得到1株产甲壳素酶活力较高的菌株HD002,初步鉴定其为Massilia属。确定菌株产甲壳素酶的最适培养基组成为(g/L):(NH4)2SO45,K2HPO40.7,KH2PO40.3,MgSO4.7H2O 1,胶体甲壳素10;最适产酶培养条件为:培养基起始pH值6.0,培养时间192 h,发酵液酶活力达1.314 U/mL。采用70%饱和度硫酸铵盐析、DEAE-Sepharose F.F阴离子交换层析、Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析对该甲壳素酶进行纯化,SDS-PAGE证明达到电泳纯。该甲壳素酶的分子量为60.2 kDa,最适反应温度为55℃,最适反应pH值为5.0,Cu2+和Fe3+对酶活力有明显的抑制作用,Ca2+和Na+对酶活力有明显的促进作用。 相似文献
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温度及pH敏感性羟乙基甲壳素水凝胶的合成及其性能研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为得到应用性能好的医用材料 ,用氯乙醇对甲壳素进行醚化改性 ,得到水溶性甲壳素衍生物———羟乙基甲壳素(Hydroxyethylchitin ,HECH) ,用丙三醇三缩水甘油醚 (PTGE)对羟乙基甲壳素进行交联 ,得到了新型的水凝胶。考察了不同交联度的水凝胶的 pH和温度敏感性 ,发现该水凝胶是pH敏感性水凝胶 ,在 pH <6.98的缓冲溶液中 ,凝胶的溶胀度随着 pH的下降而迅速增大 ,在 pH =1.0 0的缓冲溶液中 ,凝胶的溶胀度达到了最大值 ;在去离子水中凝胶的溶胀度随着温度的升高而增大 ,是“热胀型凝胶”。 相似文献
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SONG Yupu FENG Sheng KANG Haigui
Professor Ph. D. PhD Supervisor State Key Laboratory of Coastal Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology 《中国海洋工程》1999,(3)
This paper proposes an optimum design medel for the offshore jacket platform considering multi-design criteria,multi-design constraints and the structure-pile-soil interaction,and gives an optimum designprocedure in which the proposed optimum design model is used together with structural analysis softwareSAP91 and optimum algorithm software OPBI.The Chengbei ~#11 offshore platform,which lies in theShengli oil field,is designed by use of the above optimum design model.The results show that the optimumdesign model is stable,and it depends on neither the optimization algorithm nor initial values of design vari-ables.All values of the objective function converge to the same minimum value,and the speed of conver-gence is high,showing that the proposed optimum design model is reasonable. 相似文献
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D.J. Carey 《Ocean Engineering》1976,3(2):63-70
The conditions necessary for efficient management of the energy resources within a submersible are reviewed, and the optimum cruising performance established for propeller-driven vehicles powered by batteries having a logarithmic discharge characteristic.It is shown that there is an optimum level for total power consumption, at which the cruise range is a maximum, and which depends primarily on the auxiliary, i.e. non-propulsive, load and the battery performance. This conditions occurs when the propulsion system consumes approximately one-third of the total power consumption.Results of the analysis are applied to performance measurements on PC 15 operated by Vickers Oceanics Ltd., to predict the optimum cruise performance in typical operating conditions. 相似文献
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甲壳质(chitin)，又名甲壳素，几丁质，主要存在于虾、蟹、蛹及昆虫等动物外壳中。其衍生物壳聚糖(chitosan)又名甲壳胺或脱乙酰甲壳素，是甲壳质经脱乙酰化反应制得的产物，是最基本、最重要的甲壳质衍生物。
壳聚糖具有良好的吸湿性、成膜性、气透性、降解性、生物相溶性、无毒副作用以及不污染环境的优良性质，广泛应用于环保、食品、化工、医药、纺织、造纸、卷烟、农业、化妆品、印染、生物医学、酶制剂、保健品、金属回收等许多行业中。因此甲壳质作为一种纯天然的自然资源，对其开发和应用具有极其深远的意义。但甲壳质及其壳聚糖的高度不溶性极大地限制了它们的应用，必须对它们进行化学深加工，或结构修饰，引入或改变其分子链上的某个基团，或者完全降解或部分降解其分子链，从而得到一些具有特殊性质、水溶性有所改善的衍生物产品来满足人们的使用需要，因此甲壳单糖随之问世。
D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐(GAH)是甲壳质或壳聚糖的降解产物，其结构为D-葡萄糖分子中C2-羟基被氨基所取代，因氨基显碱性，与盐酸结合成盐。D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐是重要的生化试剂和医药中间体，其用途十分广泛：对人体具有重要的生理功能，它参与肝肾解毒，发挥抗炎护肝的作用；它能促进抗生素药剂的注射功能，也可作为糖尿病患者的营养补助剂，大剂量使用对宿主组织无害，但对体内恶性细胞却是一种细胞毒；它促进人体黏多糖的合成，改善关节软骨的代谢及修复；此外，它还可作为化妆品和饲料的添加剂。目前，国内、外对D-氨基葡萄糖的需求日益增加。
本文论述了甲壳质和壳聚糖的制备技术，并着重研究了单糖的最优化制备方法，通过正交实验，进行了3因素6水平72(36×2)个实验；同时研究了抽滤工艺和脱色工艺对产品质量的影响，为今后高质量的生产D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐及工业化提供了技术指导。 相似文献
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Based on the consideration of operation environment and structural property, an optimnm design model of offshore jacket platform is developed in this paper, namely, the reliability-based full-life cycle optimum design model. In this model, the time-dependent reliability assessment method for structural members is established by combination of the decrease, of sectional size and performance deterioration of material. The initial investment, maintenance cost and failure loss cost are assembled into the model. The total cost of the platform structure system in its full service period is chosen as the objective function, and the initial reliabilities of the layer elements partitioned in advance are taken as the design variables. Different models are obtained, depending on whether the system reliability eonstraint is considered or not. This optimum design model can result in the lowest full-life cost and the optimal initial layer reliability of an offshore jacket platform in the design of marine structures. The feasibility of this model is illustrated with an actual jacket platform in the Liaodong Gulf as an example. 相似文献
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董胜 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(2)
针对海上矿石运输，介绍了一种完成定量任务并能使投资费用最少为目标的最优船队组建方法，同时对易变参数进行了灵敏度分析，使决策更加科学化 相似文献
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Optimum Design of Structure Shape for Offshore Jacket Platforms 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
FENG Sheng 《中国海洋工程》2000,14(4):435-445
With the introduction of the design variables of nodal coordinates,which reflect the em-bedded depth of the pile and the jacket bed height,a shape optimum design model for offshore jacket plat-forms is established.A sequential two-level optimum algorithm is developed based on the design variablegradation.On the basis of the finite element method,the sensitivity of the objective function and nodal dis-placement is analyzed.As an example,the BZ281 oil storage offshore platform,which lies in the Bohai oilfield,is designed with the shape optimum model.The results are compared with the cross-section optimumdesign.The tendency of design variables and its reasons in the two methods are analyzed.In the shapeoptimum design,the value of objective function is obviously smaller than that of the initial design and thecross-section optimum design.Therefore,the advantage of structure shape optimum design for jacket plat-forms is remarkable. 相似文献
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Conventional weather routing is defined as determining the optimum route for a merchant ship such that distance or duration of the voyage and fuel consumption are minimized. If the purpose of a voyage is offshore transfer, the term “optimum” includes aspects of operational safety such as towing tension and six-degree motion response of tow. This paper presents the development of a weather routing method for determining the optimal route, which is defined here as the route with minimum average towing tension with a restricted time of arrival and significant motion response. A genetic algorithm is applied to solve optimization problems. Optimized routes of this research have an advantage in towing tension and satisfy motion constraints. The result of this study can contribute to safe and effective planning for offshore transport. 相似文献
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This study attempts to obtain optimum parametric levels for robust design of the microbubble drag reduction in a turbulent channel flow. This work was carried out experimentally by measuring the frictional resistance on the upper wall of the channel to analyze the efficiency of drag reduction. Considering the mean flow speed as an indicative factor, several controllable factors that influence the effect of microbubble drag reduction were investigated in this work by using the Taguchi method. The controllable factors in this study were the amount of air injected, area of air injection, and microbubble size. For the condition of optimum parametric levels, the effect of drag reduced could reach up to 21.6%. 相似文献
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Traditionally autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been built with a torpedo-like shape. This common shaping is hydrodynamically suboptimal for those AUVs required to operate at snorkeling condition near the free surface. In this case, the wave resistance associated to the wavy deformation of the sea surface induced by the motion of the platform is an important component of the drag. This work has investigated the optimum hull shape of an underwater vehicle moving near the free surface. Specifically a first-order Rankine panel method has been implemented to compute the wave resistance on a body of revolution moving close to the free surface. A simulated annealing algorithm was then employed to search those set of parameters defining the hull shape that minimize the wave resistance. The optimization was constrained to keep constant the total volume of the vehicle. The total drag of scaled models of the torpedo-like and resulting optimum shapes was measured in the naval tank of the University of Trieste. Measurements showed a smaller resistance of the optimized shape in the range of the considered Froude numbers. 相似文献