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一次超级单体风暴的雷达回波特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用兰州CINRAD／CC雷达对2008年7月18日甘肃省定西市境内的降雹过程连续观测,对探测到的资料进行分析,总结出此次降雹过程的反射率因子、径向速度、RCS垂直剖面、垂直累积液态含水量等产品的主要特征,初步探讨了使用多普勒雷达监测冰雹的方法,找出了超级单体风暴呈现出的钩状弓状回波、有界弱回波区、回波墙、悬挂回波、明显的人流缺口、存在中气旋等典型的回波特征,归纳出VIL剧烈变化、ET与冰雹过程的一致对应关系、明显的三体散射特征等一些对冰雹的临近预报有指导意义的信息,为使用天气雷达探测此类灾害性天气提供了参考。 相似文献
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利用多普勒雷达资料,结合探空和常规资料,对2011 年4 月17 日一次超级单体雹暴的流场和回波结构演变特征进行了详细研究,主要结果:该雹暴是在条件性不稳定和垂直风切变较大的环境条件下产生的右移风暴。雹云初生发展阶段,垂直剖面显示逐渐形成有组织化的斜上升气流促进雹云发展。成熟降雹阶段,雹云内形成一支强的斜上升气流和深厚的中气旋,主上升气流对应雹云的弱回波区。雹云维持典型的弱回波区—悬挂回波—回波墙特征结构。根据雷达径向速度和雹云移速订正得出的“零线”演变发现,随着雹云的发展,“零线”逐渐向悬挂回波靠近,并穿过悬挂回波,“零线”的走向为上翘式,附近“穴道”的汇集力较强,有利于降雹。通过对“零线”位置的判断可分析有利成雹的区域。根据高低空两层强回波的水平错位,利用两高度强中心连线所作剖面能快速准确得出特征剖面,并将0℃ 层以上6 km 高度处降雹潜势达到100%的45 dBZ 的区域识别为成雹区,与降雹实况对比发现识别效果良好。 相似文献
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通过对1986—1992年期间(6—8月)69次带状雷达回波降雹过程进行综合分析,总结出带状降雹回波演变特征。重点研究了降雹云雷达回波的移动和传播,指出其降雹特点,并分析中尺度流场对带状回波发生、发展及传播的影响。这些结果对提高山东省带状回波降雹的短时预报有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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利用石家庄SA多普勒天气雷达和饶阳X波段双偏振雷达探测资料，结合常规综合观测资料，对2018年6月13日下午发生于太行山东麓的雹云的天气背景、降雹特征、雷达回波演变特征及回波三维立体结构进行了综合分析，重点利用双多普勒雷达径向速度资料反演出格点的三维风速（流场），并结合回波特征分析了雹云云体结构。结果显示，高空强劲的偏北风急流促使涡后横槽转竖，槽后冷空气沿偏北气流南下，形成上干冷、下暖湿的不稳定层结，在低空低涡附近及地面辐合线上发展造成这次风雹天气；双多普勒雷达反演风场表明，雹云的中层强回波中心呈明显的“S”形水平流场和悬挂回波配置特征，构成了具有成雹的“0线”结构；不仅佐证了雹云降雹“0线”结构的存在，而且证明其呈现形式具有多样性。 相似文献
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滇中地区冰雹的多普勒天气雷达及闪电活动特征分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用雷达数据和云南省闪电定位系统数据,对滇中地区2006~2011年6次典型降雹过程中的雷达回波和闪电特征进行综合分析,结果表明:滇中冰雹回波的基本反射率因子具有典型的冰雹回波特征,如弓形回波、三体散射、旁瓣回波、有界(无界)弱回波区、"V"型槽口以及钩状回波等。地面降雹区基本出现在雹暴反射率因子强度梯度较大的区域,也就是负地闪密集活跃区或者临近区域。闪电密集区的移动可作为预测冰雹回波移动路径的一个指标。降雹时段是负地闪的活跃期,正地闪出现频率极少,这与我国北方地区冰雹出现时高正地闪频数特征存在明显不同。负地闪每5 min频数峰值的出现时间略超前地面降雹时间5~12 min,可作为滇中出现冰雹的一个参考指标。闪电频数的时空分布和变化特征,对于滇中地区冰雹天气的监测、I临近预警以及防雹作业指挥有一定的参考作用。 相似文献
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利用湖北省闪电定位仪、新一代天气雷达资料并结合常规气象观测等资料,对2011年7月24日下午出现在湖北襄阳的一次强雷暴天气过程进行了分析。该过程的两个强风暴分别产生了冰雹和雷雨大风（后期强降水）,重点分析了两个强风暴系统生命期雷达回波和闪电（地闪）特征。结果表明：产生冰雹的强风暴是一个孤立的超级单体,降雹发生在超级单体成熟阶段;产生雷雨大风和强降水的强风暴是一个弓状回波,雷雨大风发生在弓状回波顶部,强降水回波成片状且移速较慢;两个风暴的地闪演变特征及闪电在风暴生命史各阶段分布的位置不同。 相似文献
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利用雷达强回波45dBz高度和降雹日08时月平均0oC层高度,对1991—2003年宝鸡雷达站观测的165d 231块对流云数值拟合,得出识别冰雹云的指标:处于发展中的对流云,雷达强回波45dBz高度大于或等于多年降雹日08时0oC层月平均值2.9km,将有冰雹酝酿形成。对降雹造成灾害的雷达回波分析表明:雷达强回波45dBz平均底部越高提前识别时间越长,顶部越高距离降雹时间越短,冰雹云可能是45dBz初始回波位于云体中部并向上、向下扩展发展而成。该方法对单体降雹平均提前识别12min,对超级单体平均提前识别18min;对多单体冰雹云平均提前预警18min,对飑线中的超级单体平均提前预警25min。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献