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1.
利用采自川西高原金川情人海沟的云杉树轮样本,分析了树轮宽度与气候要素的关系。结果表明：树轮宽度指数与金川气象站6月平均气温具有显著的正相关关系。利用标准化树轮宽度指数重建了该区域1713—2010年6月平均气温序列,交叉检验及各项检验的参数表明重建方程是稳定可靠的。近298年来川西金川6月平均气温为18.2℃,经历了3个暖期和4个冷期。暖期时段为1825—1839、1854—1892和1951—1961年;冷期时段为1792—1804、1842—1853、1864—1893和1911—1924年。周期分析结果表明,重建序列存在2～3、7～8、20～30、32～64和70～130 a的变化周期。 相似文献
2.
据相关普查,天山北坡玛纳斯河山区的板房沟天山云杉树轮宽度标准化年表与石河子地区5~8月降水相关显著,相关系数为0.656(P<0.0001)。基于该年表重建玛纳斯河流域168a来的5~8月降水量,解释方差达43.0%。经统计参数检验和独立历史气候记载验证,表明168a的降水重建值具有较好的可信性。168a来的石河子地区5~8月降水量大体经历了6个偏湿和6个偏干阶段,最湿润年为1988年,降水比长期平均值偏多71.7%,最干旱年为1945年,比多年平均值偏少42.7%,最长偏湿期出现在1843~1857年,而最长偏干期位于1908~1924年。功率谱分析指出重建降水存在4.0和8.0年的变化准周期。石河子地区5~8月降水变化可能与ENSO具有一定的联系。 相似文献
3.
对黑龙江省小兴安岭五营丰林国家自然保护区建立的红松 (Pinus koraiensis) 树轮宽度年表与五营气象站的气候要素响应分析表明,树轮年表与生长季上一年10月份的平均温度显著相关,由此重建了1796-2004年五营10月份平均温度。此外,4月下旬的温度变化对五营红松树木的径向生长也具有一定的影响。1796-2004年,五营共经历了4个偏冷和4个偏暖期。周期分析表明,重建序列以3.33 a的周期最为显著,对重建序列30 a尺度的突变检验结果表明,1871年和1900年前后,五营地区10月份平均温度出现了显著的均值突变,1851年前后出现了明显的方差突变。 相似文献
4.
根据秦岭中段分水岭地区秦岭落叶松树轮宽度指标,建立了该地区1814-2003年的树轮标准化年表。分析表明,该地标准化年表与当年1-7月平均气温显著相关。在此基础上设计转换方程,利用多元回归技术重建了秦岭中段分水岭地区的1-7月平均气温,重建序列的方差解释量为41.2% (F=15.062, p＜0.0001),重建序列显示在过去190 a中气温较低的时段主要有1814-1850年和1876-1889年;偏暖期主要有1851-1875年和1890-1933年;而1934-1990年这一时期气温变化幅度较小,气温相对比较稳定;1990年之后升温明显。 相似文献
5.
通过对新疆天山北坡三屯河流域2个采点的云杉树轮宽度标准化年表与小渠子和大西沟气象站月降水相关普查分析发现,区域森林中下部林缘年表与小渠子气象站上年7月至当年6月的降水呈显著正相关,其相关系数为0.694（p〈0.000 1）,且具有明确的树木生理学意义。利用区域森林中下部林缘年表序列可较好地重建小渠子气象站146 a来上年7月至当年6月降水量。对天山北坡三屯河流域过去146 a降水变化特征分析表明：天山北坡三屯河流域降水大体经历了6个偏干阶段和6个偏湿阶段,具有2、4、7、14、26 a的变化准周期,1942年和1945年分别是三屯河流域甚至天山山区较大范围内过去146 a的降水最大年份和最小年份,降水的长期变化与天山山区变化趋势有很大的相似性。 相似文献
6.
使用树轮资料重建阿勒泰西部年积雪深度≥0cm日数的长期变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用阿勒泰西部柯姆采点的西伯利亚落叶松树轮宽度年表重建了大致反映该地区1720/1721年至2004/2005年年积雪深度≥0 cm日数变化情况的序列。自1720/1721年至1956/1957年以来,该地区年积雪日数变化存在9个偏少阶段和8个偏多阶段。积雪日数最少阶段出现在1906/1907年至1920/1921年,而积雪日数最多阶段出现在1787/1788年至1797/1798年。功率谱分析检测到该地区年积雪日数重建序列存在10.7～11 a、6.7 a和2.1 a的显著准周期及16.5～17.2 a和2.4～6.6 a的较显著准周期。滑动t检验的结果表明该地区年积雪日数重建序列没有发生明显突变。 相似文献
7.
通过对尼勒克地区3个树轮宽度标准化年表有关参数的对比分析,证明萨克巴依顿年表和唐布拉年表比霍仕布拉克年表包含更多的气候信息。将这3个树轮宽度标准化年表与附近的尼勒克气象站1960--2008年月平均降水组合资料进行相关分析,结果表明：尼勒克3个树轮宽度标准化年表的年轮指数与尼勒克地区上年7—8月的降水呈显著正相关,其中唐布拉年表（TBL）的年轮指数与上年7—8月降水相关最佳,相关系数为0．575,达0．00002的极显著性水平,且二者的正相关具有明确的树木生理学意义。研究还发现,尼勒克3个树轮宽度标准化年表的低频信息含量均多于高频信息的含量,在0．05显著性水平上,普遍存在2～3a的变化准周期,且平均年表存在7个高指数阶段和7个低指数阶段。 相似文献
8.
张瑞波 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(4):1-6
利用2012年10月采自吉尔吉斯斯坦西天山chon-kyzyl-suu附近的森林上线和下线两个采样点的雪岭云杉树轮样本,建立了上下线树轮宽度年表,结合近百年CRU（0.5?.5）气温和降水资料,分析该地区森林上下线树轮对气候响应的异同。研究表明,森林上下线树轮年表一致性较好,尤其是窄轮出现年份基本相同;对气温响应方面,森林上线树轮年表与春季尤其是4-5月份平均温度显著负相关;而森林下线树轮年表与夏季尤其是6-7月平均气温显著相关。降水方面,树轮年表与上年7月到当年6月降水相关最好,森林下线年表与上年7月到当年6月的降水量相关系数超过0.61;上线也达到了0.49。与中国境内雪岭云杉对气候响应基本相同,位于吉尔吉斯斯坦的西天山北坡树轮宽度同样对降水的响应更为敏感,尤其在森林下线;降水可能是该地区树木生长的主要限制性因子,降水对森林下线树轮径向生长起决定性作用。空间相关分析表明,树轮年表能较好的代表西天山大部分区域上年7月到当年6月的降水量,尤其是西天山北坡吉尔吉斯斯坦境内。 相似文献
9.
利用2006年采自西藏东部昌都地区的树轮样本,建立了该区域3个树轮年表,相关计算表明,昌都树轮标准化年表与该区域上一年10月到当年1月的平均最低气温相关最为显著,单相关系数高达0.657。利用该年表较好地重建了昌都气象站过去413年上一年10月到当年1月的平均最低气温序列,经多方面验证,表明其具有较好的可信性。过去400年中,西藏东部昌都地区秋、冬季平均最低气温经历了6个偏暖和6个偏冷的变化阶段,并有明显的6个持续变暖和5个持续变冷阶段,变暖缓慢,而变冷迅速。变冷、变暖阶段中以20世纪60年代的迅速降温和70～80年代的升温最为典型。昌都地区秋、冬季节平均最低气温以5年、11年、102～103年的准周期变化最为显著。比较发现,近百年青藏高原东部地区秋、冬季平均最低气温与北半球平均气温具有较好的一致性:20世纪初到30年代,青藏高原东部地区秋、冬季平均最低气温缓慢上升,40年代急剧下降,50年代气温回升,60年代初期气温再次下降,60年代末以后气温逐步升高。 相似文献
10.
尚华明 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(2):9-17
：昆仑山北坡西部山区是树木年轮气候研究的薄弱区域。本文在位于公格尔山北坡的喀山河流域山区采集了雪岭云杉的树芯标本,分析了树轮宽度标准年表对塔里木盆地西缘气候要素的响应关系,发现了该区域的树木径向生长主要受水分条件限制,标准年表与塔里木盆地西缘6站上年7月至当年6月平均降水量的相关系数达到0.692。利用树轮宽度年表和年降水量之间的线性回归方程重建了塔里木盆地西缘1715—2014年降水量序列,转换方程的方差解释量为48.0%,且稳定可信。重建的降水序列记录了21个极端干旱年和21个极端湿润年。重建降水量的31年快速傅里叶变换（FFT）滑动序列分析发现塔里木盆地过去300年降水序列存在5个偏干阶段1725—1750、1777—1806、1821—1843、1854—1887和1911—1990年）和6个偏湿阶段（1715—1724、1751—1776、1807—1820、1844—1853、1888—1910和1991—2014年）,20世纪80年代中期以来增湿趋势明显,且还在持续。塔里木盆地西缘干湿变化的韵律与相邻区域的树木年轮水分记录是一致的,几个显著的干湿阶段均能较好地对应,只是其变化幅度和持续的时间存在差异。
关键词：塔里木盆地;公格尔山;雪岭云杉;树木年轮;降水量 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
20.