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1.
济阳自动与人工土壤水分观测数据对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用对比差值和相关系数分析等方法,利用济阳2010年2月23日至2010年12月8日期间,DZNl型自动土壤水分观测站与同地段人工观测的土壤相对湿度资料进行统计分析,结果表明：人工观测的数据反映的土壤水分变化波动较大,自动站观测的土壤水分相对平缓。在0～20cm土层一致性表现好,40～50cm土层表现较差。0～10cm,10～20cm,20～30cm土层和70～80cm,90～100cm土层人工观测值高于自动站测值,30～40cm,40～50cm,50～60cm土层人工观测值低于自动站测值。分析结果为评估DZNl型自动土壤水分观测仪的监测提供客观依据。 相似文献
2.
对2011年3-7月28次DZN3型土壤水分自动站与人工土壤相对湿度观测资料进行质量对比分析,结果显示:自动站观测数据与人工观测数据相比普遍偏小,30 cm土层数据偏差最小,20、40、50 cm土层次之,10、60、80、100 cm土层偏差较大;10、20、80、100 cm 4个土层自动站相对湿度演变趋势与人工测值较为接近,相关性较好;自动站土壤水分传感器对土壤水分变化敏感程度较低,其相同土层土壤相对湿度波动振幅小.分析结果可为评估DZN3型土壤水分自动站的监测能力及监测数据订正与应用服务提供客观依据. 相似文献
3.
利用吉林省西部10个自动土壤水分观测站数据与人工取土烘干法实测土壤湿度数据,制作吉林省西部土壤墒情监测及干旱预报模型.结果表明:不同气候背景下在作物不同生育期、土壤不同深度、不同初始湿度下的土壤湿度的变化趋势大致相同,但在相同的无降水日数或降水量时,不同台站不同深度的土壤湿度变化率却有一定的差异.各站农田土壤初始湿度越大,无降水时初期墒情下降速率越明显;而土壤湿度初始值越低,则失墒速率越慢.土壤不同深度均是开始时间失墒较快,后期变化逐渐趋于减弱状态.土壤深度越深则水分变化速率越缓,降水量越大,0～50 cm土壤湿度变化曲线整体越接近一致,直到从上而下几层土壤湿度全部达到饱和.通过对2017—2019年吉林省西部玉米农田土壤湿度预报结果和实测值进行对比检验,基于自动土壤水分观测数据的吉林省西部干旱模型预报的准确率超过80％. 相似文献
4.
半干旱区不同类型土地利用的蒸散量及水分收支差异分析——以通榆为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用吉林通榆半干旱区农田站和退化草地站2008年的外场试验观测资料,对比分析了不同土地利用方式对蒸散和地表水分收支的影响。结果表明：从全年来看,尽管两个站点相距仅5 km,但农田站的全年总蒸散量比代表自然土地覆盖状况的退化草地站高28.2 mm;且生长季两种下垫面的蒸散量较为接近,差异主要发生在非生长季。同时,农田站的年水分收支总量为51.1 mm,比退化草地站低35.6％。具体来说,生长季,两个站点的水分收支均有盈余;但在非生长季,退化草地站的水分收支仍有盈余,而农田站则处于水分亏损状态。这说明在半干旱区,代表人为土地利用状况的农田站面临着更大的水分供给压力,人类活动导致的土地利用会加剧该地区的干旱化趋势。
进一步的分析表明,水分盈余并不代表地表的水分状况良好。从 Priestley-Taylor 系数来看,两个站点的Priestley-Taylor系数均远小于1.0,说明在半干旱区,由于表层土壤水分条件的限制,实际蒸散量远未达到平衡蒸散量,土壤面临着水分供给的压力。其可能的原因是,对半干旱区而言,尽管水分收支有盈余,但是由于土壤沙化严重,土壤孔隙度大,大气降水很容易下渗,并以地下水的形式存储起来,使得表层土壤水分供应反而不足。 相似文献
进一步的分析表明,水分盈余并不代表地表的水分状况良好。从 Priestley-Taylor 系数来看,两个站点的Priestley-Taylor系数均远小于1.0,说明在半干旱区,由于表层土壤水分条件的限制,实际蒸散量远未达到平衡蒸散量,土壤面临着水分供给的压力。其可能的原因是,对半干旱区而言,尽管水分收支有盈余,但是由于土壤沙化严重,土壤孔隙度大,大气降水很容易下渗,并以地下水的形式存储起来,使得表层土壤水分供应反而不足。 相似文献
5.
内蒙古雨养农业区土壤水分动态监测模式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章根据多年实际观测资料,在土壤水分平衡参数模拟方法的基础上,利用初始土壤有效水分贮存量、降水量和实际蒸散量3要素,建立了0～50 cm土层的土壤水分动态监测模式,确定了各项参数的计算方法。通过11个站点两年的检验和试用,对主要农作物春小麦和春玉米农田的水分状况监测准确率达80%以上。同时,对两个站点的土壤水分进行了预报,准确率平均为92%。 相似文献
6.
为了建立鲁中地区土壤水分精细化预报模型,利用2010—2013年农田土壤水分自动站逐日资料进行土壤水分年、月变化特征研究,并结合附近自动气象站资料,以土壤水分平衡方程、农田蒸散模型为基础,采用逐步回归和曲线估计等方法建立4—6月无降水条件下平原水浇田与山旱田土壤水分1 d、7 d降幅的经验预报模型。结果表明:鲁中地区0~100 cm土壤水分贮存量年变化趋势和0~50 cm基本一致,年最高出现在8月,最低出现在6月,年降幅最大出现在3—6月,易出现干旱。对预报模型进行回代和预报检验结果显示,回代平均相对误差为0.07%,7 d模型和1 d模型滚动预报第7天0~50 cm土壤水分贮存量,绝对误差分别为-0.15和-2.17 mm,平均相对误差分别为-0.07%和-1.56%,模型具有较强的理论基础和实用性,预报精度较高,为鲁中地区土壤墒情监测和精细化预报提供支持。 相似文献
7.
自动土壤水分观测资料应用误差分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据从国家气象信息中心实时资料数据库读取的自动土壤水分监测资料,对比同日人工测定的土壤相对湿度数据,发现白天各时次自动监测数据与人工监测数据之间均存在15%左右的差异。具体针对监测仪器自身的结构特点以及中国气象局的业务要求,从两种监测方法自身的监测地段代表性、数据测量和换算、监测土层深度、监测时间、土壤水分常数测算、土壤结构变化等多种角度分析数据间存在差异的原因;认为多种可以估算的差异"叠加"在一起时,对比差异最大可能达到20%左右,加上其他误差因素的影响,实际应用中出现15%左右的差异是可以解释的;选择较长序列的站点实测资料进行了数据差异的实况分析。结合业务中常用的墒情等级判断指标,分析数据差异对客观判断构成的数据干扰和数据损失。建议直接利用体积含水量进行业务应用分析,探究全新的自动土壤水分监测数据应用方法,在具体应用中建立相应的指标体系或指标模型,充分发挥自动土壤水分监测的优势。 相似文献
8.
内蒙古草地土壤水分动态监测预测模式的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用土壤水分平衡参数模拟的方法,建立了内蒙古草地0－50cm土层土壤水分动态监测预测模式。通过8个站点两年的检验和试用,效果较好。 相似文献
9.
通过对陕西2003-2005年自动气象站与人工气象站0～20cm地温平行观测数据对比分析,找出两者之间的差异及产生差异的原因,为历史资料的连续使用提供依据。分析结果表明：自动气象站与人工气象站观测的0～20cm地温夜间差异较小,白天差异较大,且白天自动气象站数据高于人工测值;二者的差异也有季节变化,冬季差异较小,其它月差异较大;差异随土壤深度的加深而减小;自动站观测与人工站观测地温偏差与自动站仪器没有关系,也与站点的区域分布没有明显关系;10～20cm地温自动站数据在3—5月与历史累年值容易产生显著性差异;地面平均温度和地面最低温度在地面有积雪的月份与历史累年值容易产生显著性差异,且自动站数据比累年值偏高。自动站与人工站0～20cm地温虽有差异,但与历史累年值相比差异较小（≤0．7℃）,可以与历史资料连续使用。 相似文献
10.
用遥感监测土壤水分数据和实测数据或相近年代相同物候期实测数据相对比，0～10cm深土壤水分遥感监测的精度一般都超过80％，有的超过90％，遥感监测土壤水分等级图与土壤水分垂直分布规律相吻合，土壤水分遥感监测模型与服务系统具有较好的实用性。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
16.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
17.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献
20.
《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,(6)
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献