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1.
利用常规观测资料和NCEP(1°x1°)再分析资料,对2020年2月发生在内蒙古的一次地面回流与倒槽共同作用下的暴雪天气过程进行详细分析。结果表明:本次暴雪过程的主要影响系统是高空槽、700hPa切变线、高低空急流、地面冷高压、倒槽和冷锋。在高空下沉气流及1000~800hPa上东北急流的共同作用下,干冷气流形成“冷垫”,迫使暖湿空气沿冷垫抬升,同时不断的有干冷空气向中低层暖湿气流下方入侵,与中高层的西南急流形成深厚的锋生区和锋面次级环流,二者的正反馈作用为暴雪提供增幅作用。700hPa西南急流不断输送水汽,暴雪区位于比湿、水汽通量和水汽通量散度辐合的大值区。低层辐合高层辐散,配合显著的上升气流,有利于水汽积聚与输送和上升运动。强锋生落区与暴雪区域相对应,其中水平变形作用项对锋生的贡献最大,垂直运动项对锋生的贡献最小。湿位涡在强降雪落区内MPV1>0, MPV2<0,有利于本次暴雪过程的发生,高空下传的正MPV1会引起低层冷空气加强,冷暖空气对比度加大,有利于锋生,同时湿斜压性增强,诱发气旋式环流,进一步增强降雪。  相似文献   

2.
“低温雨雪冰冻”天气过程锋区特征分析   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17  
杨贵名  毛冬艳  孔期 《气象学报》2009,67(4):652-665
2008年年初低温雨雪冰冻期间(包括4次过程),冷暖气团长期对峙是"低温雨雪冰冻"天气持续的主要原因;准静止锋稳定、少动,锋面较平缓;等θse经向和垂直向梯度不断加强;冷暖气团形成的逆温很明显;主锋区前部上空存在多层锋区现象;锋区渐强,最强时在10个纬度内南北温差超过20℃;相对湿度≥90%的高湿度区的移动趋势、范围、垂直伸展高度均与4次过程吻合较好;锋生函数的分布与等θse密集区的分布一致,呈向北倾斜上升状,滇黔地区准静止锋区域内,多数时间段有锋生发生,华南地区上空静止少动的锋生中心,正是低温雨雪冰冻期间准静止锋长期稳定的原因之一;南北风交界线的移动趋势与低温雨雪冰冻过程趋势一致,4次过程都伴有偏南风低空急流;当副热带高空急流逐渐加强、水平风垂直切变加强并向下伸展时,低空急流加强;高位涡舌向下伸展,高纬度的高位涡舌与主锋区的中高层相对应,中纬度高位涡舌与副热带锋区对应;湿位涡斜压项PMV2量级较小,但其与,4次过程的对应关系非常好;锋区上界和下界等熵面上的气流能较好地反映准静止锋区上、下界特征;约290 K等熵面上(锋区下界以下)在贵州均为偏东气流,这是贵州及江南大部分地区长时间维持低层冷气团的主要原因.  相似文献   

3.
水汽凝结过程与高低空急流对冷锋环流的作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
吕克利  赵德明 《大气科学》1997,21(3):317-323
文中利用包括水汽凝结过程的湿大气原始方程模式,研究了高空西风急流和低空南风急流中冷锋环流和垂直运动场的演变,计算结果显示:水汽凝结过程的加入,使锋区垂直运动和锋面环流大大增强,上升运动随时间发生剧烈的变化;湿过程对锋面环流的作用发生在水汽饱和并发生凝结之后,未饱和水汽的存在对锋面环流没有什么作用;与干大气模式中高空西风急流是造成冷锋环流演变的主要因子情况不同,低空南风急流在湿大气中对锋面环流有极为重要的作用,其作用至少与高空西风急流相等;在激发锋区重力波上,低空南风急流的作用可能更加明显;水汽凝结湿过程的加入,不论是在高空西风急流下还是在低空南风急流中,都能在锋区激发出波长约为300 km的重力波,并以大于锋面移速的相速传入暖区。  相似文献   

4.
西北地区一次斜压槽引发的强沙尘暴研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用T10 6数值预报及常规气象资料 ,对 1998年 4月 15日西北地区强沙尘暴进行分析 ,分析结果表明 ,这是一次由斜压槽及冷锋锋生触发的沙尘暴 ,高空急流及其下部的Ferrel环流对沙尘暴发生起到重要作用 ;强沙尘暴发生在高空急流出口区右侧、5 0 0hPa正涡度中心下风方和次级反环流的上升运动区内。  相似文献   

5.
对STORM-FESTIOP17一次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程的斜压边界层结构演变及特征进行了分析。发现:暖湿空气沿锋面抬升凝结成云,产生降水过程中释放的大量潜热显著增加锋两侧的水平温度差异,产生锋生。与锋生相伴,在锋前产生低空急流和高空急流。当锋生至最强时,锋两侧温差可达20K,锋前低空急流开始减弱,锋后低空急流增强,锋后冷平流开始主导锋两侧的环流系统。该冷平流削弱锋两侧的温度水平梯度,产生锋消作用。对这次锋面斜压对流边界层的湍流特征分析表明:在边界层之上切应力wv明显增大;湍能收支分析表明在边界层之上的风切变产生项很强,即大尺度天气系统有利于斜压对流边界层的发展,边界层内各量充分混合。这次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程,冷锋前的低空南风急流从墨西哥湾携带来的充足水汽及锋区边界层大气的强斜压性是其产生的关键因子:冷锋过后,大尺度高空急流的作用更有利于对流边界层的充分发展。  相似文献   

6.
利用我国数值预报产品T6390场预报资料和新疆天山北坡中部地区的地面降雪量资料,分析新疆天山北坡中部地区2010年2月23日发生的罕见特大暴雪天气的特征及这次过程形成的原因。结果表明:这场罕见特大暴雪天气具有降雪强度强、范围广、积雪深度异常偏厚、灾情严重等特点,属60a不遇。乌拉尔山长脊、西伯利亚冷涡东移为罕见特大暴雪天气的发生提供了大尺度环流背景,冷涡外围强锋区中分裂出的中尺度短波、西南急流、700hPa中尺度辐合带、850hPa"人"型切变场、中高压、中低压以及地面冷锋是特大暴雪的直接影响系统;高低空形势场、急流和锋区以及中尺度的动力、水汽因素的有利配合为特大暴雪的发生提供了必要条件。特大暴雪发生在高空锋区短波槽前的冷暖平流交汇区、700hPa中尺度辐合带、850hPa"人"型切变场、西南急流、地面冷锋、中低压后部和中高压前部、强的能量锋区、高湿区以及水汽通量辐合区的重合区域内。特大暴雪发生过程中,天山北坡中部上空维持一个由低层到高层强盛的动力性纬向垂直环流圈,为冷暖气流共同作用提供了动力条件;正、负涡度中心的配置,有助于天山北坡中部上空的低值系统和锋区的加强。高空急流加强了特大暴雪天气的上升运动;强盛的低空西南暖湿急流将里咸海地区的高温高湿不稳定气流输送到天山北坡中部上空,为特大暴雪天气提供了热力、水汽和不稳定能量的条件。  相似文献   

7.
利用常规观测、地面自动气象站逐小时观测及NCEP/NCAR逐日4次1°×1°再分析等资料,对比分析2016年11月中旬新疆北部暖区暴雪过程中两个强降雪中心裕民与青河物理量特征,重点讨论暴雪的动力耦合机制,结果表明:此次强降雪为典型暖区暴雪的天气系统配置,500 hPa新疆北部在西伯利亚低涡底部强锋区内,700hPa和850hPa有偏西低空急流和切变线,新疆北部受地面暖低压控制。上升运动和垂直螺旋度主要集中在700hPa以下,低层辐合、中层辐散是上升运动的动力维持机制。两种情况下可使上升运动增强,降雪强度增大:一是当垂直螺旋度呈“上负下正”结构、垂直螺旋度的绝对值增大时;二是当暴雪区上空湿位涡MPV1呈“上正下负”、MPV2<0,且θse密集陡立带向暖区倾斜、垂直涡度增长时。涡度对上升运动的发展亦有正贡献。  相似文献   

8.
强锋区结构的梅雨锋短时暴雨形成和维持机制   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用常规气象观测资料、FY-2E卫星TBB资料以及NCEP再分析资料对2011年6月14日江西北部短时大暴雨的形成和维持机制进行了分析,结果表明:(1)南亚高压、副热带高压、中纬度西风槽、季风、锋面气旋切变及其上的中尺度波动构成梅雨锋水平环流的多尺度结构,短时暴雨在对流层高层槽前的辐散抽吸较普通暴雨更明显。(2)此次暴雨过程具有梅雨锋结构的普遍特征,如在对流层中下层表现为强θse水平梯度形成的锋面,中低层正涡度柱、风和水汽的辐合带与梅雨锋对应,但同时又具有其特殊性,如短时暴雨锋面坡度小,锋区强度强,两侧存在明显的温度对比,锋区内水平风切变和垂直风切变显著。(3)边界层辐合、锋面和高空急流等抬升机制共同作用,促使湿对称不稳定能量释放,产生倾斜对流,区别于普通梅雨的垂直对流。(4)雨区上空强垂直上升运动、高空强辐散、低空强辐合与中尺度系统的发展互相耦合,深厚的正涡度柱沿锋区倾斜向上发展,是此次暴雨与其他短时暴雨在动力机制上的共性。但在低空此次暴雨比普通暴雨存在更明显的锋生,且动力条件较其他暴雨更强。(5)强盛低空急流的脉动和稳定维持使雨区存在有利的水汽输送机制,高低空水平距离的缩短有利于高低空急流的耦合,这与梅雨的普遍特征是一致的。  相似文献   

9.
对1998年华南暴雨试验加密观测期间(IOP)5月23日强降水个例的数值模拟结果分析指出,锋面对于中尺度对流系统而言除了提供对流运动的触发机制外,两者之间还可能存在复杂的相互作用。华南前汛期中伴随对流活动的冷锋具有独特的垂直环流结构。它主要表现为暖湿气流不是沿锋面上滑,而是在冷锋前沿的对流雨团中直接上升到高空,锋面上方上滑的暖空气完全被对流雨团北侧的补偿性下沉气流所代替;而在锋后以及锋前暖区内均有对流活动发生的情况下,低空流入锋区前沿和锋区上方雨团的空气不是来自锋前暖区,而是来自锋后。对对流系统内部雨团进行的三维轨迹追踪也揭示出锋面上空对流雨团内存在一部分来自锋后并穿越锋区的上升气流。这是因为锋面并不是真正意义上的物质面,它只是大气温、湿属性有显著差别的界面,因此存在穿越锋区的运动并不是完全不可能发生的。在华南前汛期中,锋区两侧温度对比比通常意义上的锋面要小,这也是可能发生穿越锋面运动的原因之一,表明中尺度对流系统由于具有与梅雨锋在跨锋方向相类似的尺度而有可能对梅雨锋的流场结构发生影响。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究浙中西(浙江省中部和西部)梅雨锋强降水的锋生及环流特征,以2016年6月15日一次典型梅雨为代表,采用ERA-INTERIM(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料、FY-2E卫星云顶亮温和雷达资料,运用风场分解、合成分析等方法对锋生与强降水的对应关系及环流结构进行分析。结果表明:此次典型梅雨处于有利的天气尺度背景下,强降水区与中低层锋生区有较好对应。锋区维持时,强降水区伴随中层倾斜锋生和形变锋生;锋区南压时,强降水区伴随中层倾斜锋生和低层水平锋生。低层梅雨锋北侧为超地转偏西气流,南侧为非地转东南气流,它们分别影响了北侧非平衡偏北气流和南侧平衡西南气流的发展,从而影响锋生系统。在锋区存在低层地转偏差辐合、高层辐散的上升运动,形成次级环流上升支,锋后反之。此外,锋前低空纬向风为次地转,而锋后低空纬向风为超地转,高空纬向风为次地转,这进一步促进了次级环流的发展。合成场中,在200 hPa西风槽槽后及槽前分别存在西北气流和西南气流显著增强区;在700 hPa浙北(浙江北部)地区存在东北气流显著增强区。合成锋生各分解项的水平及垂直分布与典型个例较类似。低层锋生主要由散度项贡献,形变项次之,倾斜项则起负作用;中层锋生主要由倾斜项贡献,形变项次之;高层锋消主要由倾斜项贡献。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

15.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

16.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project)数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。  相似文献   

17.
正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any  相似文献   

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19.
Index to Vol.31     
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;  相似文献   

20.
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.  相似文献   

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