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1.
此项研究旨在通过对北半球大气遥相关型的统计诊断及数值试验,探讨旬平均尺度遥相关型的存在和时空规律及其成因,以及各遥相关型之间的相互关系。结果表明:5种遥相关型在旬时间尺度上表现得十分清楚,且具有冬强夏弱的特点;各种遥相关型特征指数时间序列具有随时间演变的一般规律;某些海区的海温异常能激发出一定的遥相关型,5种遥相关型之间存在非线性相互作用;各种遥相关型特征指数能反映一定的大气环流和天气异常的特征,因而可以作为研究长期天气过程和预报方法的依据。 相似文献
2.
北半球冬半年遥相关型强度指数的年际变化特征及其与厄尔尼诺的遥响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
计算了1951—1990年冬半年逐月以及冬季的PNA、WA、WP、EA、EU型的遥相关强度指数。在此基础上,研究了它们的气候变化特征以及这5个遥相关型强度指数与厄尔尼诺的关系。指出,厄尔尼诺发展的盛期(冬季),以北半球西太平洋型(WP)明显偏弱为主要特征,其次才是太平洋北美型(PNA)偏强。1991年发生的一次厄尔尼诺,在盛期是弱PNA型,弱WP型。此外,还研究了遥相关强度指数用于天气预报的问题。 相似文献
3.
利用已定义的遥相关强度指数公式,分别计算了１９５１－１９９５年北半球５００ｈＰａ夏季和冬季（１２、１、２月）的遥相关强度指数,同时计算了湖北省１０个代表站温度距平、降水距平百分率与各遥相关型的相关系数。结果表明,对湖北省温度有影响的遥相关型主要有１２月的ＥＵＰ指数、７月的ＮＡＥＷ指数;对湖北省降水有影响的遥相关型主要有冬季的ＰＮＡ、ＥＵＰ指数等。 相似文献
4.
在1955~1993年各种类型青藏高原冬季积雪资料进行综合再分析基础上, 通过典型年份合成对比与相关分析, 发现青藏高原冬季雪盖异常, 同期北半球中高纬500 hPa高度场存在3正2负遥相关结构及相似二维Rossby遥相关波列, 该遥相关型强度指数Iasp与夏季大气环流又存在一个明显的东亚—太平洋遥相关的关系, 与长江中下游汛期旱涝呈正相关, 最高相关区位于江南北部。遥相关强度指数Iasp的强弱在较大程度上间接反映高原积雪异常与否, 并为积雪因子在我国汛期旱涝预测的应用提供一定的物理基础。 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,运用31点带通数字滤波、线性相关和合成分析方法,研究了1961/1962—2010/2011年冬季北太平洋风暴轴西部、东部区域强度指数的年际演变特征,划分了风暴轴的典型型态,并进一步探讨了与同期北半球500 hPa位势高度场和SLP的关系。结果表明:风暴轴气候态的极大值区域位于中纬度北太平洋中西部,最大值点的频数集中区域和均方差分布的异常中心都有两个。风暴轴西部和东部区域强度指数(WI和EI)的年际演变具有独立性,典型型态可分为单、双中心型两类。WI(EI)指数与北半球500 hPa位势高度场的相关分布类似于WP(PNA)遥相关型;单中心型风暴轴偏强时,极涡南扩,平均槽加深;呈双中心型时,极涡明显偏西。WI(EI)指数与SLP的相关分布类似于NPO(NAO)遥相关型;单中心型风暴轴偏强(弱)时,SLP距平场呈AO遥相关型的正(负)异常位相。 相似文献
6.
北半球大气遥相关型冬夏差异及其与温度场关系的探讨 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用55年的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 采用合成分析等方法探讨了冬、 夏季北半球大气遥相关型的差异及其与温度场的关系。主要结果有: 北半球冬、 夏季典型的大气遥相关型具有很大的差异, 且大气遥相关路径的偏折与温度场的变化有密切的关系。北半球冬季, 呈经向型分布特征的大气遥相关路径在温度纬向梯度正负号发生改变处发生偏折; 而在北半球夏季, 由于温度场分布呈现纬向特征, 遥相关路径不易产生南北向的偏折, 从而使得异常中心基本上沿纬圈分布, 呈明显的纬向特征。此外, 由于冬季等温线南北起伏明显的区域往往位于东西方向海陆交界处, 因此冬季大气遥相关路径往往在东西向海陆交界处发生偏折。 相似文献
7.
冬季北大西洋涛动与中国西南地区降水的不对称关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用1951-2010年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国160个站逐月降水资料,探讨了冬季北大西洋涛动(NAO)与同期中国西南地区降水的关系.结果表明,冬季北大西洋涛动与西南地区降水存在显著的正相关关系,并且,正相关具有不对称性,即当冬季北大西洋涛动处于负位相时,东亚地区环流形势不利于中国西南地区降水的形成,对应着中国西南地区冬季降水的显著减少.而当冬季北大西洋涛动处于正位相时,北大西洋涛动与中国西南地区降水的正相关关系并不显著.进一步的分析表明,与中国西南冬季降水变化密切相关的主要环流结构是里海和中东—阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关型(CAT遥相关型).北大西洋涛动与里海和中东阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关结构存在不对称关系,两者的关系仅在北大西洋涛动负位相时显著.冬季北大西洋涛动高、低指数年分别合成的波射线和波作用通量的结果表明,当冬季北大西洋涛动为负位相时,冬季地中海地区的扰动源会形成与里海和中东—阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关路径一致的波射线,同时波作用通量的结果表明,定常波由里海和中东、阿拉伯海一直传播到青藏高原及下游地区,而冬季北大西洋涛动高指数年,地中海地区的扰动源所形成的波射线偏北,波动传播到达印度半岛地区之后不再向下游传播.冬季北大西洋涛动对里海和中东—阿拉伯海—青藏高原及其下游的遥相关波列的不对称影响决定了北大西洋涛动与西南冬季降水的不对称关系. 相似文献
8.
一个诊断厄尔尼诺的三组判别模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据1951—1990年的北半球五个遥相关型的逐月强度指数以及南方涛动指数,建立了一个用于厄尔尼诺统计诊断的判别模型。用概率三角形图形象地表示了三组判别效果。根据这个模型预测1991年发生了厄尔尼诺事件。 相似文献
9.
本文用10年(1980—1989)夏季北半球500hPa候平均高度场资料进行遥相关分析,得到东亚太平洋型(EAP)和西欧型(WE)两种遥相关型及西亚-太平洋-大西洋振荡,并对高度场进行主成分分析(PCA),讨论了环流的时空分布特征. 相似文献
10.
河套华北地区旱涝前期的环流异常和遥相关机制 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
根据文献[5]确定的河套华北地区27个测站夏季(6—8月)降水指数,计算了典型旱涝年平均环流的合成差异场,发现在旱涝年的前期,尤其是在冬半年,大气环流的差异是显著的;旱涝指数与环流的相关,与旱涝合成差异场特征一致;计算的遥相关结果表明,运相关的传播路径与理论上计算得到的波能量传播路径几乎一致,其正负区域、中心位置与旱涝差异场的特征也基本一致。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献