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魏栋华 《物探化探计算技术》2023,(1):46-52
铁路岩溶隧道隧底隐伏岩溶危及列车行车安全,为了彻底消除安全隐患,保证运营安全,在新建铁路工程静态验收前须完成隧底隐伏岩溶探测、整治设计、整治施工等工作。岩溶探测手段以物探为主钻探为辅,地震映像法作为成熟的物探方法得到了大量应用。地震映像剖面包括时域和频域信息,由于目前用于地震映像时频分析方法计算过程较繁琐、精度不高,实际生产中并未得到广泛应用,资料分析仍以时域的波形特征识别为主,而波形特征具有复杂性、多解性,资料解释准确度不高。这里引入Wigner-Ville改进方法对地震映像剖面进行时频分析,得到高精度的瞬时频率属性剖面,综合利用地震映像剖面的时域和频域信息进行解释,减少了多解性,提高了判释的准确度。本新方法在铁路隧底隐伏岩溶探测中得到了成功验证,对类似岩溶勘探具有重要的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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应用浅层地震探测岩溶塌陷的技术研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文根据应用浅层地震在唐山探测岩溶塌陷的工作结果,研究了在隐伏岩溶发育区探测岩溶塌陷的技术路线,提出了提高地震勘探效果及地震分辨率的技术措施,分析了对地震时间剖面进行地质解释的技术。 相似文献
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为了提高浅层埋藏目标识别的瞬时物理属性的精度,根据极平坦频率特性有限脉冲相应滤波器的思想,首次提出用它作为微分器和延时器组成解析信号瞬时属性估计器（FIFM）,对探地雷达信号的瞬时属性进行提取。结果表明,瞬时属性剖面的分辨率得到了明显的提高;采用瞬时属性估计器进行探地雷达信号瞬时参数的研究是一种非常有效的方法,可用于公路、桥梁、隧道等结构物的无损检测数据分析。 相似文献
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活断层探测是断层活动性评判的基础,也是天然地震灾害预防的依据,而浅层地震勘探是活断层探测的有效方法之一;而目前利用浅层地震方法评判断层活动性的能力亟待提高.通过构建了不同宽度破碎带的活断层理论模型,采用二维粘弹性波动方程有限差分法进行了波场响应特征模拟,运用希尔伯特变换方法提取了瞬时频率和相位属性.结果表明:地震水平叠加剖面和瞬时属性相结合可有效获取穿过第四系活断层的响应特征和实现断层活动性评判;当相干噪声达到30%时,水平叠加和瞬时频率属性剖面已难以追踪第四系中弱反射信号,而瞬时相位属性剖面仍可有效追踪;在实际活断层判定中,水平叠加、瞬时频率与瞬时相位地震属性剖面均可判断断层的存在,而穿过第四系的断层 (或破碎带) 特征瞬时相位属性最为明显和突出,水平叠加剖面次之,瞬时相位地震属性是判定断层活动性的重要和有效的属性. 相似文献
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复地震道技术采用Hilbert变换通过求解实地震信号的解析信号,可将反映地震信号局部变化情况的地震波的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率等信息分离开,瞬时相位是一种独立于地震振幅,并且不受其影响的地震属性参数,因此瞬时相位能更好地反映构造几何形态的细节.通过理论模型分析发现,瞬时振幅与极性反转前后地震记录的瞬时相位一阶差分之和进行加权,得到的复合属性可以较为准确、可靠地识别地震反射界面的位置,具有较好的应用效果. 相似文献
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岩溶塌陷型水库地震的形成条件分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
常廷改 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(5):42-45
目前，在我国发生岩溶塌陷型水库地震的震例已有10余座，震级不大，但对库区居民影响较深，个别地方还造成房屋的轻微破坏。本文通过对塌陷型水库地震的特点、岩溶发育的规律、影响岩溶发育的因素进行分析，归纳出不同的岩溶发育阶段与水库地震的关系。并结合多年实际工作经验，总结出根据岩体性状和空间展布、岩溶水文地质及岩溶管道系统与库水的关系等评价岩溶塌陷型水库地震的可能性、可能地点及震级上限的方法。 相似文献
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在天然气水合物的地震资料解释过程中，常规（叠加和偏移）地震剖面上难以识别BSR、水合物成矿带以及游离气带的位置。通过多年的实践，笔者认为AVO（Amplitude Versus Offset）反演、波阻抗反演、地震瞬时属性和能量半衰时剖面，能够较好地揭示水合物的地球物理异常特征，从而给识别水合物和划分水合物的存在区域提供了有力的证据。 相似文献
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地震信号的瞬时属性分析对地震岩性解释和烃类检测很有帮助,通过采用希尔伯特变换的复数道分析方法。利用这种方法,可以比较方便地从地震记录中分离出波的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位等参数。信号的不同频带具有不同的属性特性,而小波变换具有对信号进行多尺度分解的特性,如采用解析小波则分解后的小波系数仍为一解析信号,且其虚部是其实部的希尔伯特变换。因此根据这一特点可以研究地震信号在不同分辨率下的属性特征。 相似文献
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地震资料的复数道分析技术越来越受到人们的重视，它已广泛地应用于地震勘探的各个领域。在高分辨率地震勘探中，瞬时频率、瞬时相位剖面可以用来检测小幅度断层构造，在储层和岩性预测中，三瞬剖面可用来定性地识别岩相变化，在日益发展的浅层地震勘探中，复数道分析也已得到了广泛应用。如瞬时频率剖面可以帮助人们对金属矿的反射界面进行分析和解释。然而，目前复数道分析技术主要还是在地震资料专用处理机或工作站上实现的，硬件环境比较苛刻，这就限制了该技术的广泛应用。本文对复数道理论和算法进行了分析，并在微机上予以实现，理论和实际资料处理结果是令人满意的 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献