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1.
北羌塘盆地南缘的晚三叠世那底岗日组火山岩主要由英安岩、流纹岩、凝灰岩等组成。其主量元素具有高SiO2（66．58%-80．90％）、低TiO2（0．12％-0．42％）的特征,属钙碱性系列（σ平均为1．245）;微量元素表现为大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba及不相容元素Th的高度富集和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti的亏损;稀土元素（La／Yb）N〉10,Eu亏损较明显（δEu=0．53-43．88）,配分曲线右倾、较陡;Pb、Nd、Sr同位素组成为（^206Nd／^204Nb）T=18．531-18．838、（^207Pb／^204Pb）T=15．749-15．859、（^308Pb／。^204）T=37．138-37．917、（^87Sr／^86Sr）i=0．70852-0．71086、（^143Nd／^144Nd）。=0．511779-43．511896、εNa（t=208Ma）=-9．3--11．6。上述岩石地球化学特征表明,那底岗日和石水河的那底岗日组火山岩的岩浆源区为上地壳;同时利用同位素地球化学数据证明了北羌塘地块归属扬子陆块群的论断,即北羌塘盆地存在元古宙结晶基底的信息。 相似文献
2.
大兴安岭北段牙克石地区玄武质火山岩的元素、
同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
牙克石地区出露一套早白垩世玄武质火山岩,其SiO2含量为52．81%-53．39％,K2O含量为1．86％-2．87％,岩性为玄武质粗面安山岩。富集大离子亲石元素Rb和Ba,高场强元素Nb和Ta亏损明显,Zr和H阮明显异常,8Eu为0．77-0．82。从同住素的特点看,（^87Sr／^86Sr）,变化于0．704762-0．704941之间,εNd（t）为2．00～2．54;在εNd（t）-（^87Sr／^86Sr）闺解上,样品投影点落入洋岛玄武岩（OIB）和美国盆岭省范围内。^206Pb／^204pb为18．3288-18．4225,^207b／^204Pb为15、4566-15．4893,^208Pb／^204Pb为37．9401-38．0523：在。^207Pb/^24Pb-^206Pb.^204pb和,^208b／^304pb-^306Pb／^204pb图解上．样品投影点都落在亏损洋中脊玄武岩地幔附近。综合考虑本区火山岩的地质、地球化学特点,认为其来源于被俯冲洋壳交代的岩石圈地幔。 相似文献
3.
牙克石地区出露一套早白垩世玄武质火山岩,其SiO2含量为52．81%-53．39％,K2O含量为1．86％-2．87％,岩性为玄武质粗面安山岩。富集大离子亲石元素Rb和Ba,高场强元素Nb和Ta亏损明显,Zr和H阮明显异常,8Eu为0．77-0．82。从同住素的特点看,（^87Sr／^86Sr）,变化于0．704762-0．704941之间,εNd（t）为2．00～2．54;在εNd（t）-（^87Sr／^86Sr）闺解上,样品投影点落入洋岛玄武岩（OIB）和美国盆岭省范围内。^206Pb／^204pb为18．3288-18．4225,^207b／^204Pb为15、4566-15．4893,^208Pb／^204Pb为37．9401-38．0523：在。^207Pb/^24Pb-^206Pb.^204pb和,^208b／^304pb-^306Pb／^204pb图解上．样品投影点都落在亏损洋中脊玄武岩地幔附近。综合考虑本区火山岩的地质、地球化学特点,认为其来源于被俯冲洋壳交代的岩石圈地幔。 相似文献
4.
新疆三塘湖盆地古生代晚期火山岩地球化学特征及其构造-岩浆演化意义 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9
三塘湖盆地早石炭世安山岩（ECA）、早二叠世粗面岩类（EPT）以及中二叠世玄武岩（MPB）样品都具有大离子亲石元素（LILE）相对于高场强元素（HFSE）富集，Nb和Ta强烈亏损，轻稀土元素（LREE）相对于重稀土元素（HREE）富集，类似于和俯冲带相关的岩浆特征。ECA具有高的Zr／Nb（4．67～12．39），低的Nb／La（0．27～0．30），Ce／Ce＊=0．63～0．89，Sr／Sr＊=1．32．2．49，并具有Ti的负异常，另外（^87Sr／^86Sr）i=0．70408～0．70451，εNd（t）=＋7．42-＋7．88。与ECA相比，EPT大离子亲石元素更为富集，Ti和P的负异常明显，特别是Ce／Ce＊=0．72—1．64，Sr／Sr＊=0．38～1．87，相对较低的Al2O3和CaO含量以及（^87Sr／^86Sr）；=0．70414～0.70481和εNd（t）=＋4．93～＋6．13而区别于ECA。MPB与ECA相比具有较低的大离子亲石元素含量和较高的Nb、Ta含量，Ce／Ce＊=0．69～0．84，Sr／Sr＊=1、44～2．13，未有明显的Ti负异常，（^87St／^86Sr）i=0．70388～0．70396，εNd（t）=＋7．10-＋7．99。所有的地球化学特征表明：早石炭世或更早，三塘湖盆地为与俯冲带相关的构造背景，ECA是典型的弧火山岩，其岩浆主要源于被流体或沉积物交待改造的亏损地幔楔。早石炭世以后，三塘湖地区逐渐进入碰撞后伸展拉张阶段，EPT和MPB都为后造山火山岩。EPT岩浆主要源于亏损软流圈底侵前二叠纪形成的造山组分的部分熔融；MPB的岩浆主要源于亏损地幔的部分熔融，并被前二叠纪形成的造山组分或是年轻地壳混染。三塘湖地区二叠纪伸展拉张的动力学机制主要是由于造山带增厚的岩石圈大范围拆沉而导致的大范围亏损地幔部分熔融岩浆和上部造山组分或是年轻地壳的相互作用，这种造山组分或是年轻地壳具有低的（^87Sr／^86Sr），比值和正的εNd（t）值。火山岩地球化学特征指示没有明显地幔柱的作用特征。 相似文献
5.
藏北羌塘盆地菊花山地区火山岩SHRIMP锆石U Pb年龄及地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在详细的地质调查和岩石学研究的基础上,对北羌塘盆地菊花山地区不整合于上三叠统肖茶卡组之上的那底岗日组火山岩进行了精确的SHRIMP锆石UPb定年研究。英安质凝灰岩的锆石UPb年龄为2251±14 Ma,这一年龄数据代表了菊花山地区晚三叠世火山沉积事件的时代。北羌塘盆地菊花山地区那底岗日组火山岩主要为英安质、安山质凝灰岩夹安山岩的组合。烧失量低的5件样品SiO2含量较高,介于6030%~6714%, A/CNK介于088~131,属偏铝质—过铝质岩石,安山岩Mg#为2085,凝灰岩具有更高的Mg#,介于3894~5698,所有样品均具有低的TiO2,介于038%~090%;样品的稀土元素总量较高,∑REE=9724×10-6~18189×10-6,轻重稀土分馏明显,（La/Yb）N=764~1624,具弱的Eu负异常,其δEu=066~098;安山岩与凝灰岩具有非常相似的微量元素蛛网图,表现为Rb、Ba、Th、K等大离子亲石元素（LILE）明显富集,而其他元素如Sr、P、Ti等明显亏损,虽然不相容微量元素总体上呈现出不同程度的富集,但Nb—Ta相对La和Th明显亏损;菊花山地区那底岗日组火山岩具有与中上地壳相似的高场强元素型式,暗示这些火山岩的来源可能与中—上地壳有关。〖KH2〗〖HTH〗 相似文献
6.
胶北晚中生代煌斑岩的岩石地球化学特征及其成因研究 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：16
胶北煌斑岩分别采自龙口、烟台和威海地区，包括拉辉煌斑岩、斜闪正煌岩和角闪煌斑岩，煌斑岩K—Ar全岩年龄变化于89．3～169．5Ma，为晚中生代岩浆活动的产物。在岩石化学组成上，SiO2=42．02％～54．95％，以钙碱性系列为主．岩石以富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）（Ba，U，K，Th）和LREE，亏损高场强元素（HFSE）（Nb，Ta和Ti）为特征，Mg^#=33．9～53．9，Eu／Eu^＊=0．71～0．89，^87Sr／^86Sr初始比值0．707642～0．709791，εNd（t）为-17．6～-10．4，^206Pb／^204Pb=37．588～38．431，^207Pb／^204Pb=15．423～15．531，^206Pb／^204Pb=17．204～18．179。表明煌斑岩源自俯冲陆壳（扬子下地壳）在地幔源区发生交代作用时形成的富集型地幔的部分熔融体．考虑到煌斑岩具有大陆边缘弧玄武岩的特征，我们认为煌斑岩在成因上同样与古大洋板块的俯冲作用有关，为碰撞后弧岩浆作用形成的脉岩。 相似文献
7.
本文报道了天山石炭纪裂谷酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学数据，目的在于探讨酸性岩浆的岩石成因。天山石炭纪裂谷火山岩的不相容元素对不相容元素图解显示稳定的正相关趋势；酸性熔岩同位素比值。^37Sr／^86Sr（t）=0．69988～0．70532；εNd（t）=4．76～8．00；^206Pb／^204Pb（t）=17．435～18．017；^207Pb／^204Pb（t）=15．438～15．509；^208Pb／^238Pb（t）=37．075～37．723的区间含盖了基性熔岩同位素比值的范围。这些数据表明流纹岩和玄武岩之间有一种成因联系，但还不能确定酸性岩和玄武岩间究竟是分离结晶还是部分熔融关系。 相似文献
8.
位于青藏高原东北缘的多福屯第三纪火山岩，为钠质基性火山岩系。该火山岩（La／Yb）N值在6—11，∑REE平均为117，样品普遍具有不相容元素富集、Pb亏损以及弱的Nb、Ta正异常，Nb／U和Ce／Pb平均值分别为30和17；样品的87^Sr／^86Sr值为0．7041～O．7069，Nd初始值为0．5129（εNd（t）=6），△^207Pb／^240Pb和△^208Pb／^204Pb分别在11～19和73-84之间，结合高的Sr初始值，表现了特征的Dupal（高放射成因铅）异常。地球化学特征表明，该火山岩属于似OIB性质的陆内火山岩，源区具有DM与EMⅡ混合特点。个别岩石表现出明显陆壳混染的迹象。火山岩源区特征反映了OIB类岩石的复杂性，可能由区域原、古特提斯地幔继承而来，因而是原地的和固有的，并非与青藏高原物质向东挤出有关。通过与邻区同时代火山岩的对比推断，整个高原东北缘新生代火山岩幔源区具有小尺度的不均一性。高原东北缘新生代火山岩的发育可能与较大规模的贺兰-川滇南北复合构造有关。 相似文献
9.
青藏羌塘盆地中、新生代火山岩同位素地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对羌塘盆地火山岩（含少数侵入岩）的 锶（Sr）、钕（Nd）和铅（Pb）同位素地球化学的研究,获得中、新生代不同类型火山 岩和花岗岩类Sr同位素比值大多数为０706～0710 , 〖HT5”SS〗ε〖HT5”SS〗 N d 值 为-054～-81,均为负值, 206Pb/204Pb值为 171493～ 190313, 207Pb/204Pb值为154350～15666,208Pb/2 04Pb值为 37566~39072。根据同位素地球化学特征,中生代火山岩 物质主要 来源于富集地幔区和下地壳,原始岩浆为壳幔混合型,可能与造山带的岛弧—活动陆缘环 境 有关。早第三纪火山岩岩浆来自富集幔源区,与大陆拉张环境有关。第四纪火山岩形成于高 钾熔岩区内,与俯冲环境有关。总之,本区的火山岩中生代为造山带火山岩,新生代（主要 为早第三纪）为大陆裂谷带火山岩。 相似文献
10.
大陆亚碱性火山岩的成因多样性：以敦化—密山和东宁火山岩带为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对东北牡丹江海浪、鸡西鸡林、东宁老黑山三处亚碱性玄武岩类进行了柏A卜”Ar定年和元素与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,结果显示,始新世海浪（玄武）安山岩属钙碱性系列,相对富硅碱,贫铁钙,高度富集Rb、Ba、Sr,亏损Th、U、Nb、Ta,富集LREE及极低的HREE含量,与五大连池钾质火山岩相近的同位素组成（^206Pb／^204Pb=16．56～16．66,^207Pb／^204Pb=15．44—15．47,^208Pb／^204Pb=36．80—36．95;ISr=0．704882～0．705564;εNd=-4．05～2．29）,表明来源于较厚的、受交代作用影响的含石榴石富集（LoMu）岩石圈地幔;中中新世鸡林拉斑玄武岩分布极为局限,辉石斑晶发育骸晶结构,富铁、钙、钛,不亏损Nb、Ta,富集Ba、Sr,REE相对平坦,HREE高于OIB,Sr、Nd同位素组成相似于Samoa岛玄武岩,显示源区除软流圈成分外,还有EMII富集组分的加入;晚中新世老黑山拉斑玄武岩,低碱低钾,LREE轻度富集,Nb、Ta不明显亏损,同位素比值与镜泊湖一带中新世碱性玄武岩范围一致,主要来源于软流圈并与富集岩石圈（EMI）发生过相互作用。地幔源区经历了古近纪富集地幔源到中新世软流圈组分增多的演化。东北新生代拉斑玄武岩不同的地球化学特征为认识大陆拉斑玄武岩成因的多样性提供了有益启示。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献