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1.
龙门山断裂活动和川西高原隆升历史的裂变径迹测年 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过12个构造岩、变质砂岩和花岗岩样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测年年龄分析, 结合前人研究成果, 初步确定了青藏高原东缘龙门山地区晚新生代主要断裂活动时期和区域隆升历史。结果表明, 龙门山逆冲推覆构造带2条主断裂:汶川-茂县断裂和映秀-北川断裂, 最晚一次强烈活动发生在早更新世(FT年龄为1.2~ 1.3 Ma), 高原内部北西向米亚罗断裂在中更新世(约0.5 Ma)发生过强烈活动; 后龙门山逆冲推覆构造带在中新世晚期开始快速隆升, 而高原内部强烈隆升发生在上新世末至中更新世。高原隆升导致深切河谷地貌的形成和发育。 相似文献
2.
青海杂多地区新生代构造特征与两种类型矿床的关系 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
青海南部存在着巨大的成矿潜力,研究该区的构造变形与成矿作用的关系,对于认识区内众多矿床(化)的构造背景和控矿要素具有重要意义.新生代的走滑断裂和逆冲推覆构造是大陆碰撞造山带成矿理论中晚碰撞阶段在青藏高原东、北缘的重要构造形式.走滑断裂呈北西向,控制着藏东一系列走滑拉分盆地和斑岩的产出;逆冲推覆构造走向北西,整体自南向北呈现很好的分带特征,可分为根带、中带和前锋带.研究区存在两种类型矿床,分别为走滑断裂控制的斑岩型矿床和逆冲推覆构造控制的热液型矿床.其中,切过地壳尺度的走滑断裂因减压作用导致含水地幔的部分熔融,进而导致富含挥发分的含矿斑岩上涌、侵位,形成纳日贡玛斑岩型钼(铜)矿;逆冲推覆作用是流体长距离迁移的动力来源,逆冲推覆构造前锋带的逆冲断层上(下)盘破碎带或次级断层附近是成矿流体迁移的疏导系统和金属汇聚、淀积的重要场所. 相似文献
3.
青海玉树地区的东莫扎抓和莫海拉亨铅锌矿床位于青藏高原金沙江缝合带和班公湖-怒江缝合带夹持的羌塘地体东北缘,是"三江"北段铜铅锌多金属成矿带铅锌矿床的典型代表,处于玉树逆冲推覆构造带的前锋带位置,但矿床与逆冲推覆构造之间的关系并不明确。野外研究表明,方解石为乳白色,结晶粗,呈不规则状、囊状,被后期矿化所穿切,形成于挤压(逆冲推覆阶段)到拉伸(成矿阶段)的过渡阶段,是联系逆冲推覆构造与铅锌矿床之间的"纽带"。本文对该阶段方解石开展了Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd等时线方法定年,测定东莫扎抓铅锌矿床过渡阶段的年龄为35.2~35.5 Ma,平均为35.4 Ma,与其成矿时代35 Ma非常接近;测定莫海拉亨铅锌矿床过渡阶段的年龄为34.0~34.6 Ma,平均为34.3 Ma,与其成矿时代33 Ma也非常接近。结合区域成矿地质背景,建立了玉树地区铅锌矿床从逆冲推覆阶段到成矿阶段的构造控矿模式:伴随着印度-亚洲大陆持续碰撞,青藏高原北缘中生代构造岩片向盆地中央推覆叠置,形成逆冲推覆构造(37~40 Ma),之后处于由挤压到拉伸的松弛状态,早期造山带流体、盆地流体混合形成巨晶方解石脉(34~35 Ma),最后,流体从造山带沿拆离滑脱带长距离向前陆盆地方向运移,运移过程中淋滤围岩的金属物质,并与先期造山带流体混合,形成富铅、锌的成矿流体,通过主逆冲断裂垂向沟通,进入浅部的反冲断层形成铅锌矿床(33~35 Ma)。 相似文献
4.
龙门山逆冲推覆作用的地层标识 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
文章详细论述了龙门山前陆盆地充填地层中所记录的能反映龙门山冲断带逆冲推覆作用的地层标识。根据地层标识，并结合龙门山冲断带构造分带，主干断裂与地层切割关系，以及岩浆岩和变质岩年龄频谱，将龙门山冲断带自诺利克以来的逆冲推覆作用分为６个逆冲推覆构造幕和１１个逆冲推覆构造事件，龙门山冲断带逆冲推覆作用在时间上具多幕性和周期性，在空间上具产展式进推覆的特点，逆冲推覆作用的强度具有由北东向南西迁移的特点，并具 相似文献
5.
祁连山北缘早白垩世榆木山逆冲推覆构造与油气远景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
榆木山地处祁连山北缘与河西走廊南缘的盆山结合带,是青藏高原北缘高原隆升与扩展的关键构造带。野外地质调查与构造填图发现,祁连山北缘的榆木山地区发育大型逆冲推覆构造,逆冲推覆构造之下是被掩埋的、褶皱了的早白垩世早期沉积地层,并被随后的走滑断裂活动和走滑双重构造所改造。深地震反射和大地电磁剖面测量与解释的初步结果,验证了祁连山北缘断裂以北发育的逆冲推覆构造,榆木山北缘山系构成飞来峰构造,将早白垩世酒泉盆地的一个分支掩盖在前中生代地层之下。构造关系分析给出主期逆冲推覆作用的时限大致为早白垩世早期,反映了在新生代印度—亚洲碰撞之前存在一期强烈的晚中生代构造挤压事件。逆冲推覆构造之下发现白垩纪盆地油气显示,扩展了该地区油气前景。 相似文献
6.
推覆构造是陆内构造变形中地壳缩短的重要方式之一, 是记录盆山结合带-造山带形成演化过程的重要载体。中国北方位于中亚造山带南部及周缘地区, 分布了多个逆冲推覆构造带。本文通过对这些推覆构造相关的几何学、运动学和年代学等资料的综合收集分析, 梳理了中国北方众多中生代逆冲推覆构造的时空展布特征、形成时代及形成机制等。在空间展布上, 这些推覆构造沿中国北方近东西向展布, 推覆距离几十~几百公里不等, 属于浅层次脆性变形。在形成时代上, 这些推覆构造的时代可以和燕山运动主挤压变形期相对应, 分为早(170~160 Ma)和晚(150~135 Ma)两期。在动力学机制上, 本文将推覆体可分为东西两段, 西段主体的逆冲方向为北东—南西向, 可能受控于鄂霍次克洋闭合和班公湖—怒江缝合带闭合的综合影响; 东段主体逆冲方向为北西—南东向, 可能主要受控于鄂霍茨克洋的闭合与古太平洋板块俯冲的远程应力影响。 相似文献
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8.
康定折多山花岗岩岩石学特征及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
折多山花岗岩作为鲜水河断裂带活动的同构造花岗岩为藏东地区高原隆升和构造演化提供了重要信息.区域地质调查填图表明,折多山岩体的岩石组合特征为:花岗闪长岩→粗粒似斑状二长花岗岩→中粒二长花岗岩→细粒二长花岗岩.其地球化学特征表明岩石属钾玄岩-高钾钙碱质岩石,稀土配分曲线显示其轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具有壳源岩浆特征,稀土-微量元素投点判别图表明花岗岩形成于造山后同构造环境.根据岩石学、地球化学研究,结合鲜水河断裂活动特征分析,认为折多山花岗岩不是断裂活动形成的地壳重熔的产物,而是断裂活动引起的下地壳流体上涌形成的.该项研究支持藏东地区下地壳流体存在的假说,并表明下地壳流体的向东迁移可能是造成鲜水河断裂分期活动和藏东地区逐步隆升的最主要的原因. 相似文献
9.
新生代龙门山的隆升机制存在上地壳缩短和下地壳流两种端元模式,两种模式会造成四川盆地不同的构造变形响应,形成不同的盆山系统.为了厘定龙门山南段及前缘地区盆山系统的构造变形特征及其动力学指示意义,利用低温热年代学技术（AFT和AHe）对龙门山南段前缘地区乐地1井7个砂岩样品进行了分析,约束该地区的剥露特征.结果表明,龙门山南段前缘地区中新世（约21 Ma）以来浅部地层经历了约10～11 Ma的快速剥露阶段（约500～700 m/Ma）,与前人龙门山南段揭露的快速剥露时间一致.结合区域地质资料,认为约10～11 Ma龙门山南段向南东的逆冲推覆作用,导致构造应力通过四川盆地西南部多层滑脱层向盆地传递,造成龙门山前缘地区大范围构造变形及快速剥露,该认识支持龙门山上地壳缩短的隆升机制. 相似文献
10.
青藏高原碰撞造山带Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu矿床新类型:成矿基本特征与构造控矿模型 总被引：37，自引：8，他引：29
地处青藏高原东、北缘的兰坪、玉树及沱沱河地区,广泛发育包括金顶超大型矿床在内的大量新生代Pb、Zn、Cu多金属矿床.这些矿床均产于该高原东缘晚碰撞构造转换环境,主体赋存于第三纪前陆盆地内部,以沉积岩容矿,与岩浆活动无关,受逆冲推覆构造系统控制,显著区别于世界已知的各类以沉积岩容矿的贱金属矿床.研究表明,伴随印度.亚洲大陆碰撞造山而产生一系列逆冲断裂系,将前陆盆地侧缘的中生代地层切割成叠置的构造岩片,并推覆叠置于盆地沉积地层之上,形成单冲式或对冲式逆冲推覆构造系统,并控制了Pb-Zn-Ag-C矿床的形成与发育.根据逆冲推覆构造控矿式样和矿化特征,可以识别出4种矿床式:①产于逆冲推覆构造系统前锋带"构造穹隆 岩性圈闭"内的金顶式Zn-Pb矿床;②受控于前锋带冲起构造的河西.三山式Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu矿床;③产于主逆冲断裂带派生的次级断层或平移断层内的富隆厂式Ag-Cu或Cu矿床;④产于主逆冲断裂上盘灰岩层间破碎带内的东莫扎抓式Pb-Zn矿床.这些矿床的矿体多受不同级次的断裂控制,多孔砂岩、白云岩化灰岩及构造破碎带是有利矿化部位.多数矿体显示开放空间充填成矿特点,少数显示层控性,属后生成矿.金属矿物组合主要为低Fe闪锌矿 方铅矿 黄铁矿组合及低温Cu硫化物(黝铜矿系列为主) Ag硫化物(辉银矿、黝银矿、汞银矿) 方铅矿±闪锌矿组合,脉石矿物组合主要为方解石±重晶石±萤石±白云石±天青石,局部见沥青.成矿流体以盐水体系为主,盐度w(NaCleq)变化于1%～28.0%之间,成矿温度较低,通常在80～190 ℃,显示盆地卤水±大气降水的特点.逆冲推覆构造系统对矿床的控制主要体现在:其深部拆离滑脱带可能是流体流长距离侧向迁移的优选通道,主逆冲断裂是成矿流体垂向运移和向上排泄的主要途径,浅部各类样式的逆冲构造是流体汇聚的主要场所.成矿物质以盆地沉积岩贡献为主,部分可能来自幔源岩石.矿床金属组合可能与成矿流体迁移-汇聚过程中流经岩石的性质有关:矿区发育灰岩建造时,出现Zn-Pb(Zn多于Pb)矿化;若发育碎屑岩建造,尤其是红层,则出现Cu-Ag(-Pb)矿化.因此,笔者将这种逆冲推覆构造控制的新类型矿床称之为造山型Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu矿床,其成矿模式可表述为:伴随着印度-亚洲大陆持续碰撞,青藏高原东、北缘中生代构造岩片向盆地中央推覆并置,形成单冲式或对冲式逆冲推覆构造系统,流体从造山带沿拆离滑脱带长距离向前陆盆地方向运移,运移过程中淋滤围岩的金属物质,通过主逆冲断裂垂向沟通,进入浅部各式逆冲构造部位从而形成不同样式的矿床.经综合分析,提出了青藏高原东、北缘受逆冲推覆构造控制的贱金属矿床的勘查要素. 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
18.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献