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1.
风廓线雷达资料在台风苏拉登陆过程中的应用初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究风廓线雷达在台风天气过程预报中的作用,对2012年8月2—4日在福建秦屿镇登陆的台风苏拉天气过程统计分析,结果表明：风廓线雷达在台风苏拉登陆期间4 km以上高空有效数据获取率明显提高,确定风廓线雷达的有效探测高度为4.8 km;通过信噪比和垂直速度数据统计分析出台风登陆前后带来间歇性的降雨,而台风眼登陆主要表现为无降水天气,仅有少量的降雨,这一结论进一步在小时降雨量统计中得到验证;通过水平风速数据统计分析出台风登陆前后在有效探测高度内水平风速在25 m·s-1左右,而台风眼登陆水平风速在0~3 m·s-1; 统计结果与台风登陆物理过程相吻合。 相似文献
2.
2012年西北太平洋热带气旋预报精度评定 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
本文对2012年西北太平洋热带气旋定位、路径和强度预报精度进行了评定,结果表明：2012年定位总平均误差23.4 km,与往年相当。国内各综合方法的路径预报平均误差分别为94.3 km（24 h）、168.2 km（48 h）和284.2 km（72 h）,中央气象台24 h路径预报准确率相对于2011年有了较大幅度的提高。全球模式的平均距离误差分别为96.8 km（24 h）、177.2 km（48 h）、283.6 km（72 h）、382.3 km（96 h）和583.6 km（120 h）,其中部分数值模式预报水平接近主观方法的平均预报水平,但是最优的主观预报具有相对所有数值预报的正技巧,表现出较强的数值预报应用能力。通过对比国际先进数值预报模式的误差表明,国内区域模式的路径预报能力与国外先进模式相比仍有较大差距。4个台风业务中心强度预报的平均绝对误差分别为4.11~4.63 m·s-1（24 h）、6.10~6.90 m·s-1（48 h）和6.84~8.71 m·s-1（72 h）。部分客观强度预报方法表现出一定的系统性偏差。各方法对“海葵”在象山县鹤浦镇的24 h登陆点预报较为成功,而对“苏拉”在台湾花莲的24 h登陆点预报较为失败。 相似文献
3.
利用历史台风最佳路径资料、2016年台风最佳路径实况和中央气象台台风路径强度实时预报资料,以及ECMWF数值预报和集合预报产品,对2016年西北太平洋台风活动的主要特征和预报难点进行了分析,结果表明：1—6月的淡季空台风和盛夏秋季多台风现象均与2016年〖JP2〗赤道海温由厄尔尼诺向拉尼娜转换有关;长时效路径预报误差有时异常偏大,可能与集合预报产品的发散度很大有关,但是如果能够掌握数值天气预报对大尺度天气系统预报的系统性偏差,也可以做出精度更高的预报;24 h强度预报误差超过了5 m·s-1,这种现象在过去十多年的业务预报中并不多见,个别最大误差竟达20~26 m·s-1。〖JP〗强度预报的大误差与强度预报中没有定量产品可供参考有关,定性地分析台风强度变化规律对于提高强度预报作用很小,所以急需建立和发展定量和精细化的强度预报方法。 相似文献
4.
2012年春末昆明大暴雨的中尺度对流系统特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR逐6 h 1°×1°再分析资料、FY 2E红外云图TBB资料、昆明C波段多普勒雷达探测资料,结合中尺度数值模式的模拟结果,分析了2012年5月24日晚昆明大暴雨期间中尺度对流系统演变特征及形成机理。结果表明,此次大暴雨是在高低空系统最佳配置下产生的。降水峰值出现时,低层增暖湿,从地面到500 hPa呈显著的对流性不稳定层结,700～500 hPa垂直风切变达14 m·s-1。纬向结构上,暴雨中心低层东风增强,300 hPa以下纬向风辐合,中心强度为-28×10-5 s-1,150 hPa以下上升气流中心强度为21 m·s-1,近地面水汽通量辐合为-20×10-5 g·hPa-1·s-1·cm-2;经向上,暴雨中心500 hPa以下南风风速辐合,上升气流增强,强度与纬向一致,低层水汽通量辐合中心强度为-30×10-5 g·hPa-1·s-1·cm-2,强于纬向水汽通量辐合。此外大暴雨中地形对南风的强迫也是显著的,抬升速度在0.4~1.0 m·s-1。这次强降水分为初始、加强、回落和衰减四个阶段,昆明近地层浅薄冷空气加强时,引发其东侧对流单体移向昆明,强降水发生;然后南风出现脉动,局地湿层增厚和垂直风切变加大,促使对流单体两度增强并出现降水峰值;第三次峰值则是弱南风脉动及对流单体合并所造成,由于移入的单体较之原地发展的单体弱得多,原地单体作用的降水峰值也明显小于前面两次。对流降水回波属于暖云性质的热带低质心降水回波。 相似文献
5.
利用历史台风最佳路径、中央气象台台风路径强度实时预报,以及ECMWF数值预报和NCEP海温实况等资料,对2017年西北太平洋台风活动的主要特征和预报难点进行了分析,结果表明：2017年台风生成具有源地偏西、南海台风偏多和台风群发特征明显等特征;台风活动具有年度活跃程度低、台风极值强度偏弱和超强台风异常偏少等特征;台风登陆具有登陆台风个数多、登陆地点偏南、登陆强度偏弱等特征。对2017年度的预报误差进行分析,结果显示：24、48、72、96和120 h台风路径预报误差分别为74、137、233、318、428 km,各时效误差均较2016年有所增加;但与日本、美国相比,除120 h外,中国路径预报水平依然处于领先地位。 24、48、72、96和120 h台风强度误差分别为3.6、5.4、6.6、7.4和6.8 m·s-1,较2016年有所减小,24 h误差为历史最低值。强度预报水平居于日本、美国之间。另外,2017年最主要的预报难点是双台风或多台风之间复杂的相互作用和近海快速加强台风的强度预报。 相似文献
6.
利用2013年2月至2016年1月北京朝阳环境气象站PM2.5质量浓度和同步地面风数据,重点分析了PM2.5质量浓度的变化特征及受地面风的影响情况。观测期间测点PM2.5年平均质量浓度为80.6±4.0 μg·m-3,为环境空气质量标准(GB3095—2012)二级年均浓度限值(35 μg·m-3)的约2.3倍,季节变化特征明显,冬季最高（115.1 μg·m-3）、夏季最低（58.5 μg·m-3）。测点主导风向为ENE—E—ESE,风速主要集中在0.2~2.0 m·s-1。当地面风来自ENE—E—ESE方向时PM2.5质量浓度最高（109.1 μg·m-3）,来自WNW—NW—NNW方向时最低（39.5 μg·m-3）。PM2.5质量浓度随风速增大先上升后下降,在0.4 m·s-1时达最高,为139.2 μg·m-3。风速在0.2~2.0 m·s-1时主要受ENE—E—ESE方向影响,而2~6 m·s-1时主要受ESE方向影响较大。通过与其他站点的比较发现,不同站点各方向污染源和地面风的差异导致了PM2.5质量浓度在各方向分布的差异。 相似文献
7.
利用中央气象台台风实时业务资料、自动气象站观测资料以及卫星云图等对2021年西北太平洋及南海台风活动的主要特征和影响我国台风的路径、强度及风雨影响进行分析和回顾。结果表明:2021年西北太平洋及南海台风生成个数偏少,生成源地整体偏西;台风强度偏弱,但有多个台风出现了快速增强,其中台风“烟花”“灿都”的24 h强度增幅达40 m·s-1,为近30 a少见;2021年先后有5个台风登陆我国,另有2个台风影响我国。在登陆台风中,4个登陆华南的台风强度均弱于历史平均值。所有登陆台风在登陆后的维持时间都明显高于历史均值,特别是台风“烟花”为历史上登陆华东后维持时间最长的台风,给我国带来了严重的灾害影响。 相似文献
8.
2017年总计27个台风在西北太平洋和南海生成,其中8个在我国沿海登陆。台风生成时间集中于7—8月,生成源地较多年平均偏西5°,南海台风数（8个）较多年平均（4～7个）明显偏多,台风登陆点集中在广东沿海,气旋峰值强度（30.9 m·s-1）较多年平均（40.3 m·s-1）明显偏弱,登陆台风的平均登陆强度（29.0 m·s-1）较多年平均（32.8 m·s-1）偏弱。台风雨水情呈现降雨范围广、暴雨强度大,主要江河平稳、部分中小河流超警戒水位的特征。使用实时业务定位、定强及降水、大风、水文观测数据,针对2017年影响我国的10个台风个例的气象水文特征及社会经济影响做出详细分析。“天鸽”为2017年登陆中国最强的台风,导致灾损最为严重,其与“帕卡”在4 d内先后登陆经济发达、人口密集的珠三角地区,造成损失叠加。 相似文献
9.
山东夏季两次切变线暴雨过程对比分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规观测资料、卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对2012年7月30日和2013年7月9日山东出现的两次区域性暴雨进行了对比分析,结果表明：两次850 hPa切变线造成的暴雨,线状MCS(Mesoscale Convective System)组织化程度高,地面辐合线触发了暴雨的发生。不同的是:①“7〖DK〗·30”暴雨500 hPa影响系统为阶梯槽,副高位于朝鲜半岛以东;“7〖DK〗·9”暴雨为典型的东高西低形势,副高控制华东沿海;②“7〖DK〗·30”暴雨受一股较强的东南气流作用,将东海及西太平洋水汽输送到暴雨区,925 hPa水汽通量散度和最强上升速度较“7〖DK〗·9”暴雨分别大-10 g〖DK〗·hPa-1〖DK〗·cm-2〖DK〗·s-1和-0.2 Pa〖DK〗·s-1,“7〖DK〗·9”暴雨由低空西南急流将南海的水汽输送到暴雨区,925 hPa水汽通量和比湿较“7〖DK〗·30”暴雨分别大2~4 g〖DK〗·cm-1〖DK〗·hPa-1〖DK〗·s-1和2 g〖DK〗·kg-1;③两次暴雨过程MCS发生发展过程、形成方式和成熟期组织结构存在显著差异,“7〖DK〗·30”暴雨是对流单体独立发展逐渐合并成β中尺度,最终形成α中尺度对流系统,“7〖DK〗·9”暴雨为多个对流单体合并为β中尺度系统。通过分析得出,切变线暴雨触发机制应着眼于地面辐合线的形成和加强以及冷空气侵入引起的锋生。 相似文献
10.
利用2000—2014年上海台风所最佳台风路径资料和中央气象台路径和强度综合预报资料,分析登陆台湾岛的台风在登陆前48 h和登陆后18 h期间的强度和路径变化特征。结果表明：共有35个台风登陆台湾岛,其中29个资料完整的自东向西登陆台湾岛的台风过程中有26个发生在7、8、9月,登陆频数为89.7%。台风在登陆前48～18 h内强度逐渐增强,以后基本保持不变,一直持续到登陆前6 h,之后开始减弱;从登陆前6 h到离开台湾岛后6 h的时间内,强度由41.0 m·s-1减小到29.6 m·s-1,共减小了27.8%。台风经过台湾岛前48～36 h预报移向比实况偏北,30～0 h预报路径偏南。另外,登陆前24 h和登陆后6 h台风强度变化线性回归关系式在2015年登陆台湾岛的台风个例中得以验证,可以在业务预报中参考使用。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献