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大黄鱼野生与养殖群体遗传结构的比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用垂直板型不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对福建野生与养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)4个群体(湄洲野生群体、宁德野生群体、宁德养殖群体、连江养殖群体)的遗传结构进行了比较研究。结果表明,4个大黄鱼群体的平均每位点有效等位基因数为1.1250～1.1293,多态位点百分数为12.50%～18.75%,观察杂合度为0.1250,期望杂合度为0.0636～0.0677。湄洲湾野生群体的遗传多样性高于养殖群体。4个大黄鱼群体间的遗传分化很低,4个大黄鱼群体间遗传距离在0.0000～0.0001,平均遗传距离为0.0005,遗传分化系数(Fst=0.0004)低,基因流(Nm=609.6667)大。 相似文献
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采用石蜡组织切片的方法,对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)5个品系以及斜带髭鲷(Hapalogenys nitens)、牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)、青石斑鱼(Epinephelus awoara),尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia nilotica)和条纹斑竹鲨(Chiloscyllium plagiosum)等鱼类肌肉纤维组织学特性的研究表明:野生大黄鱼与野生养殖品系肌肌肉纤维在组织学上没有明显差异,而雌核发育品系及其杂交后代则相对野生品系表现出显著差异,它们的肌肉纤维更细密;不同种鱼之间肌肌肉纤维在组织学表现出巨大的差异,是与各个种类的遗传特征和生存模式相适应的. 相似文献
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宫井洋大黄鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对取自宁德官井洋闽—粤东族大黄鱼的野生种群和养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明,野生种群的平均多态性为18.9%,平均遗传差异度为0.0960;养殖群体的分别为16.7%和0.0747;野生种群与养殖群体之间的相似系数为0.9959,遗传距离为0.0041.分析结果表明官井洋大黄鱼野生种群和养殖群体遗传多样性水平较低的主要原因在于过度捕捞、有效繁育群体数量偏少及值得探讨的人工放流等.提出官井洋大黄鱼仍具有一定的变异潜力,尽快采取有效的管理保护措施,可以保持乃至提高大黄鱼现有的遗传多样性水平. 相似文献
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脂肪肝病变大黄鱼肝脏脂肪酸组成、代谢酶活性及抗氧化能力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
脂肪肝病变在人工养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)中非常普遍,本试验研究了大黄鱼脂肪肝的发生机制,为寻找解决大黄鱼脂肪肝的有效途径提供基础资料.试验鱼取自中国东海,养殖方式和饲料来源相同,根据肉眼和组织学观察分为正常肝脏、轻微脂肪肝和严重脂肪肝3类.分别测定了正常大黄鱼和具有脂肪肝症状的大黄鱼肝脏总脂脂肪酸组成的变化、相应脂肪酸合成酶、抗氧化酶以及丙二醛含量的变化.试验结果显示,随着大黄鱼脂肪肝症状严重程度增加,肝脏总脂饱和脂肪酸和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例显著降低(P<0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸比例显著上升(P<0.05).其中严重脂肪肝花生四烯酸(ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)比例较正常鱼分别降低了89%,79%和78%.严重脂肪肝大黄鱼的异柠檬酸脱氢酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶活性显著高于正常鱼(P<0.05);轻微脂肪肝鱼的转氨酶活性显著低于正常鱼(P<0.05);具有脂肪肝症状的大黄鱼超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均高于正常鱼.丙二醛含量则随大黄鱼脂肪肝病变程度加剧而显著增加(P<0.05).通过分析认为,过量单不饱和脂肪酸沉积在肝脏中,导致脂肪酸合成代谢发生紊乱,可能是造成大黄鱼脂肪肝的主要原因;肝脏ARA含量大量减少使脂肪肝大黄鱼抗应激能力降低,而肝脏脂肪酸过氧化程度升高,进一步破坏肝脏的正常功能. 相似文献
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应用扩增片段长度多态性技术(AFLP),比较研究了岱衢洋大黄鱼养殖群体和官井洋大黄鱼养殖群体的遗传多样性。9对选择性引物组合,在2个群体的40个个体中共扩增出381个位点,其中多态位点为288个。2个养殖群体的多态位点比例、Nei′s基因多样性指数、Shannon多样性指数分别为65.01%和57.50%,0.162 3和0.1175,0.254 7和0.185 6,显示岱衢洋大黄鱼F2代养殖群体的遗传多样性高于官井洋大黄鱼繁育多代养殖群体的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析图显示2个群体各自聚成一支。遗传分化系数Gst及AMOVA分析表明,2个群体的遗传变异主要来源于群体内个体间,但群体间已有一定程度的遗传分化。 相似文献
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石首鱼类是我国海洋鱼类中具有代表性的类群之一，通常栖息于泥沙底质的浅海，一般不作远距离回游，有些种类(如大黄鱼和小黄鱼)数量多、鱼群大，是重要的经济鱼类。浙江外海是我国最重要的海洋渔业生产区，探讨石首鱼类在这一海区的分布相季节变化，对渔业生产和鱼类区系研究都有现实意义。本文根据在浙江近海调查所取得的11种石首鱼类［大黄鱼Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson), 小黄鱼Pseudosciaena polyactis (Bleeker,)鮸鱼Miichthys miiuy (Basilewsky), 棘头梅童鱼Collichthys lucidus (Richardson), 黑姑鱼Atrobucca nibe (Jordan et Thompson), 叫姑鱼Johnius belengerii (Cuvier et Valenciennes),丁氏?Wak tingi (Tang), 白姑鱼Argyosomus argentatus (Houttuyn), 大头白姑鱼Argyrosomus macrocephalus (Tang), 黄姑鱼Nibea albiflora (Richardson), 双棘黄姑鱼Nibea diacanthus (Lacépède)] 的周年性资料，对此进行了分析和研究。 相似文献
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大黄鱼高质量基因组DNA的简便提取方法 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
目前常用的分子标记技术如ＲＡＰＤ、ＡＦＬＰ、微卫星等都是以ＤＮＡ为研究对象 ,而高质量ＤＮＡ的简便快速提取是至关重要的 ［１］。大黄鱼 (Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｃｉａｅｎａｃｒｏ ｃｅａ（Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ）)曾是我国著名的四大海洋渔业对象之一 ,也是目前闽浙两省重要的经济养殖品种。近年来养殖大黄鱼普遍出现生长缓慢、抗病能力弱、性成熟提早、个体小等生物学性状退化的现象［２］。为了从ＤＮＡ水平上研究大黄鱼遗传多样性 ,为养殖大黄鱼种质的改良和养殖业的健康持续发展提供依据 ,我们首先要从大黄鱼组织中提取基因组ＤＮＡ。… 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献