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1.
A series of water samples (precipitation, surface water and ground water) from the Devils Lake drainage basin in central North Dakota have been analyzed for their 18O and D and 87Sr/86Sr. The 18O and D of snow and most ground water samples fall near the meteoric water line, with the ground water being isotopically heavier than the snow, indicating that a portion of the recharge must come from non-winter precipitation events. One ground water and all the surface water samples fall below the meteoric water line, demonstrating extensive evaporation. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the snow is more radiogenic than those of the ground water samples, indicating that the ground water has increased its 86Sr content by the dissolution of mafic rock in the aquifer. Stump Lake has a much more radiogenic Sr isotopic ratio than the waters of Devils Lake suggesting a source of water different from that of Devils Lake. The East Stump Lake water, on the other hand, appears to be either a mix of Devils Lake and Stump Lake waters, or Devils Lake water diluted with precipitation.  相似文献   

2.
The intracontinental Lower Miocene Cypris paleo-lake originated during progressive subsidence in the Sokolov Basin, part of the Cenozoic Oh?e Rift, after the deposition of coal seams. The Cypris Fm. consists almost entirely of lacustrine clays with variable mineral composition and organic matter, where this succession is 70–120 m thick. The main objective of this study was to interpret the geochemical history of the Lower Miocene Cypris Fm. using high-resolution, down-core geochemical records and study of the organic matter. This work revealed that the lower part of the lacustrine sediment sequence was deposited in a freshwater lake, in an open hydrological system. An increase in the K/Zr and K/Ti ratios towards the upper part of the Cypris Fm. indicates a gradual increase in the pelitic fraction of the local sediments and/or a decline in input of volcanic material. Simultaneously, increasing Ca/K and Sr/K ratios indicate the precipitation of carbonates, predominantly dolomite and siderite. In the upper part of the Cypris Fm., there is a significant increase in Na/K, Na/Zr, and Na/Ti ratios, suggesting increasing salinity (alkalinity) of the paleoenvironment in a closed hydrological system. Reaction between the Na-rich water and clastic components of the sediment in an alkaline medium gave rise to the formation of zeolites, mixed-layer clay minerals and smectite. Abundant remains of aquatic organisms, especially algae, increased with greater salinity in the upper part of the Cypris Fm. This is reflected in the greater hydrogen index (HIRock Eval), and the growing proportion of liptinite group macerals of aquatic origin in the bulk organic matter. During the entire history of sedimentation in the Miocene lake, repetitive changes in the sediment geochemistry occurred at both micro- and macroscales, and fluctuations of K/Ti, K/Zr, and Sr/Ca ratios over meters to tens of meters are observed. These changes probably reflect either long-term climate fluctuations during the Lower Miocene or oscillations caused by changes in the rate of subsidence of the basin floor. Variations in the elemental composition of sediments can be used to correlate individual boreholes across the entire sedimentary basin.  相似文献   

3.
王晓艳 《中国沙漠》2019,39(4):168-176
2017年在秦岭黑河流域7个采样点进行地下水样品采集。通过综合分析、Gibbs图、Piper三角图、主要离子比值法、主成分分析法得出黑河地下水化学成分的特点、水化学类型及其成因。结果表明：阳离子的主要组成成分是Ca2+，HCO3-是阴离子的主要组成成分，黑河流域地下水化学类型为HCO3-- Ca2+和SO42--HCO3--Ca2+型。Gibbs图分析得出该地下水化学离子组成受岩石风化作用控制；Piper三角图、主要离子比值法、主成分分析及相关分析表明，地下水化学组分主要受方解石、白云岩等碳酸盐岩矿物的风化溶解，同时伴有硫酸溶解碳酸盐岩，受硅酸盐岩的溶解控制作用较小。  相似文献   

4.
The diagenetic history of the Ediacaran sedimentary rocks in the East European Craton (EEC) over the area extending from Arkhangelsk (Russia) in the north to Podolia (Ukraine) in the south was revealed by means of the XRD characterization and K–Ar dating of clay fractions, mudstone porosity measurements and organic geochemistry investigations. Mudstone porosity measurements produced direct evidence of shallow maximum burial of the Ediacaran sediments on the craton (Russia, Lithuania, Belarus, Volyn), not exceeding 1.5 km, and much deeper burial at the cratonic margin, in Podolia and Poland. In general, illitization of smectite and biomarker indices indicates more advanced diagenesis at the cratonic margin. K–Ar dating of authigenic illite–smectite and aluminoceladonite revealed the Palaeozoic age of mineral diagenesis (ca. 450–300 Ma) both on the craton and its margin, with older ages generally observed in the north. When the maximum palaeotemperatures were evaluated from illite–smectite and biomarkers, based on the calibrations from the conventional burial diagenetic sections, a major mismatch was detected for the cratonic area: 100°C–130°C from illite––smectite and tens of oC lower from the lipid biomarkers. This diagenetic pattern was interpreted as the result of short‐lasting (in ky scale) pulses of potassium‐bearing hot fluids migrating from the Caledonian and Variscan orogens deep in the craton interior, effectively promoting illitization in porous rocks without altering the organic matter. Analogous short pulses of fluids were responsible for numerous diagenetic phenomena, including Mississippi Valley‐Type ore deposits, in the American Midwest, in front of the Appalachians. K–Ar dating indicates that the entire Proterozoic sedimentary cover of the Great Unconformity on the EEC remained untouched by measureable post‐sedimentary changes until the early Palaeozoic, thus for over 1000 My, which is an unprecedented finding.  相似文献   

5.
托素湖岩芯XRF元素扫描分析及多元统计方法的应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
对托素湖沉积岩芯采用高分辨率XRF扫描分析法进行地球化学元素测试,运用多元统计分析法中的相关性分析、聚类分析及因子分析判别出不同沉积组分,揭示了托素湖沉积物中Si、Al、K、Ti、Ca、Sr、S、Cl、Br等元素的地球化学特征及其所指示的环境意义。同属强烈迁移型元素Ca、Sr在沉积物中主要受托素湖中内生碳酸盐的影响;而外源碎屑元素Si、Al、K、Ti主要受托素湖流域侵蚀的控制,其变化受托素湖流域降水量的控制,一定程度上指示了流域的干湿波动和极端气候事件发生的幅度与频率。  相似文献   

6.
Ma  Jiayi  Xie  Shuyun  Liu  Dan  Carranza  Emmanuel John M.  He  Zhiliang  Zhang  Mohai  Wang  Tianyi 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(2):1291-1303

Dissolution of carbonates in acidic fluids, which has attracted much research attention in recent years, is of great significance for the formation of high-quality reservoirs. The dissolution stage under low temperature and low pressure in shallow burial is one of the most important processes of reservoir dissolution and transformation. However, the dissolution dynamics of carbonate rocks in shallow burial and their formation have been controversial for a long time, and there are still disputes in the dissolution processes about how associated minerals and accessory minerals (e.g., pyrite) in carbonate reservoirs influence the formation of secondary pores. Additional metal ions in acidic fluids can change fluid properties and dissolution processes, and consequently affect reservoir quality. However, there are few laboratory studies done on the effect of associated minerals on the dissolution dynamics of carbonates. To clarify the specific impact of Fe-bearing associated minerals and Fe3+ on the dissolution of carbonates in shallow burial reservoirs, six samples of typical carbonate rocks in the Zigui area of Hubei Province, China were studied. The dissolution kinetics of carbonates in dilute hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solutions containing metal ions (Fe3+/Ca2+/Mn2+) at ambient temperature and pressure (T?=?25 °C, P?=?1 atm) were studied, by laboratory dissolution experiments combined with numerical simulations using PHREEQC. The results show that the Fe3+ is of great significance on the dissolution of carbonate rocks, while the influences of Ca2+ and Mn2+ are relatively weak. The dissolutions degrees of micritic limestone (ZG-L25), dolomitic limestone (ZG-L7) and dolomite (ZG-D9) were better than the other carbonates under the influence of metal ions (Fe3+/Ca2+/Mn2+) in acid solutions. Therefore, the dolomite reservoir of the Cambrian Qinjiamiao Formation, the dolomitic limestone reservoir of the Tianheban Formation and the limestone reservoir of the Triassic Daye Formation in the Zigui area are potential high-quality reservoirs. The carbonate reservoirs associated with Fe-bearing minerals were easier to dissolve and formed secondary pores under shallow burial. This process is beneficial to the formation of high-quality reservoirs. Moreover, the addition of Fe3+ into hydrochloric acid solution may be conducive to improving the reservoirs acidizing effect. Furthermore, the results gave innovative results from multiple perspectives of geo-material science and computational geosciences, which may provide new avenues for in-depth study of carbonate dissolution in shallow burial based on water–rock reaction, chemical dissolution, computational simulation, and geological background.

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7.
ABSTRACT This contribution deals with the External Sierras and a part of the foreland Ebro Basin related to the southern Pyrenean thrust front. The structure of the External Sierras consists of a south‐verging thrust system developed from middle Eocene to early Miocene times. Since the end of the early Oligocene, a regional‐scale detachment anticline (the Santo Domingo anticline) developed, folding the original thrust system and creating new thrust units. The molassic fill in this part of the Ebro Basin (Uncastillo Formation) mainly corresponds to an extensive, composite distributary fluvial system, termed the Luna system, which drained the uplifted Gavarnie Unit to the north. Small, marginal alluvial fans originated along the External Sierras and coalesced in the proximal‐middle portions of the Luna system. Three tecto‐sedimentary units (TSU), late Oligocene to early Miocene in age, comprise the Uncastillo Formation. Lateral relationships and areal distribution of lithofacies through time have been used to establish sedimentary models for the marginal alluvial fans and the Luna fluvial system. Their sedimentary evolution was controlled by tectonics affecting the drainage basins, and based on mapping and stratigraphic relationships of the TSU, the temporal succession of the marginal alluvial fans and their relationships with each thrust system in the south Pyrenean front can be shown. Alluvial fan formation evolved through time from west to east, in accord with the progressive eastward growth of the Santo Domingo anticline as a conical fold. The fluvial network of the Luna system appears to have been mainly radial, but near the basin margin its architecture was influenced by the syndepositional Fuencalderas and Uncastillo anticlines developed within the Ebro Basin. These low‐amplitude folds originated by layer‐parallel shearing caused by rotation of the southern flank of the Santo Domingo anticline. Progressive uplift of these anticlines constrained part of the fluvial discharge to synclinal areas parallel to the basin margin; these areas where characterized by meandering sandy channels. At the peripheral tips of the anticlines the channel system flowed basinward.  相似文献   

8.
Stable isotopes and trace-element content of calcite ostracod valves and aragonite mollusc shells from the Pliocene lacustrine succession of Villarroya allow depicting the geochemical record of environmental changes and to compare our data to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction obtained from other proxies. The lower sequences (A and B) are characterized by relatively high isotopic and Me/Ca values in the biogenic carbonates. The recorded large variations of δ18O in these carbonates mainly reflect variations in the δ18Ow due to precipitation–evaporation processes and, to a lesser extent, variations in temperature of calcification. The δ13C data inform about changes in DIC although they are probably biased by the vital effects of the studied taxa. Minor and trace element contents in ostracod (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) and mollusc shells (Sr/Ca) are mainly linked to the Me/Ca of the lake water (Me/Caw), and to a lesser extent to temperature and to uptake kinetic effects. Several possible mechanisms may make the Me/Caw to vary: long periods of Ca-carbonate (calcite, aragonite) deposition after charophyte development, and different inputs for Ca and Mg to the lake due to changes in drainage area configurations through time, including the changes in saline inputs (Na-Cl type) to the lake. The stable isotopes and the calculated Sr/Caw and Mg/Caw from sequence C display lower values than those from sequences A and B. The isotopic values from biogenic carbonates of unit C indicate isotopically diluted waters in a hydrologically open lacustrine environment. Distinct δ13C and δ18O plots for molluscs from unit C reflect the different biotopes and metabolism type. For several intervals of the Villarroya succession there is no direct relationships among: (i) salinity changes inferred from invertebrate paleoecology, (ii) paleoenvironmental slices based on isotopic signatures and Me/Caw calculations (from biogenic carbonate geochemistry) and (iii) climate in the hinterland deduced from pollen data. Lakes where geochemical behaviour is constrained by sporadic saline inputs and/or relative depletion in Ca due to long periods of Ca-carbonate precipitation or biomineralization, like the Pliocene Villarroya lake was, do not show clear correlation patterns between geochemical signals and climate proxies. In these lakes only major environmental trends display unambiguous geochemical signatures, and only some main shifts in the geochemical signature profiles may be correlated with significant global and/or regional environmental changes that have been reported from other paleoenvironmental records. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

9.
宣达盐盆富钾富矿卤水产于四川盆地东北部黄金口背斜群南段付家山构造近高点,以深层卤水形式赋存于3260m左右的下三叠统嘉陵江组五段和中统雷口坡组一段(T1j5-T2L1)盐系的碳酸盐岩储层中。卤水与海水蒸发系列相比,K+含量异常高,达25 96g L,超过海水钾盐沉积阶段,也超过综合利用和单独开采品位,为国内外罕见的液态钾矿资源。且富含I-,B3+,Li+,Rb+,Sr2+等多种有用组分,品质优异,构成优质化工原料水,为一种综合性富钾富矿液态矿藏,经济价值极高。卤水为沉积变质水和固态钾盐溶滤水的复合成因。开发利用将可为农业提供优质钾肥,缓解我国钾盐资源不足,并可提供多种短缺的化工产品,对固态钾盐找矿具有重要现实意义。  相似文献   

10.
在野外考察采样的基础上,对泥河湾盆地马圈沟剖面更新世河湖相沉积序列进行了XRD矿物组分和磁性矿物分析。研究发现,剖面沉积矿物主要由碎屑矿物和碳酸盐矿物组成,碎屑矿物主要为石英、钠长石、白云母和斜绿泥石,其平均含量分别为38.77%、17.16%、29.63%和4.11%,是剖面沉积矿物组成主体,且各矿物之间基本没有相关性;相对于碎屑矿物,碳酸盐矿物在整个剖面中含量较低,主要为方解石和白云石,其平均含量分别为4.72%、3.59%,文石在剖面中零星出现。对剖面典型样品进行热磁分析,确定了沉积物中磁性矿物的种类以及加热过程中的变化和产物,并对其来源进行了探讨。同时发现,含绿泥石较高的灰绿色粉砂样品加热后磁化率的升幅比灰黄色样品高,而绿泥石的相对含量与该地区化学风化密切相关,进一步说明κ-T曲线的变化特征可以用来反应盆地化学风化作用强度的变化,具有重要的古环境意义。  相似文献   

11.
Two seismic facies were recognized in the sedimentary sequence overlying acoustic basement in Lake Winnipeg. The upper facies, which overlies a regional unconformity, is termed the Lake Winnipeg Sequence. Based on the seismostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and radiocarbon dates of approximately 4000 and 7000 yr BP from material collected directly over the unconformity in the southern and northern parts of the lake, respectively, this facies has been interpreted as representing Holocene sedimentation. Results of compositional and textural analyses of the Holocene sediment (Winnipeg sediment) from thirteen long (>2 m) cores indicate a transgressional sequence throughout the basin. In the South Basin, the generally fining upward sequence is characterized at the base by silt-sized detrital carbonate minerals, quartz and feldspar which decrease in concentration upward. In this basin, the high carbonate content and V/Al and Zn/Al ratios are indicative of a Paleozoic and Cretaceous provenance for sediment derived from glacial deposits through shoreline erosion and fluvial transport, via the Red River. Sedimentation in the central part of the lake and the North Basin is attributed to shoreline erosion of sand and gravel beaches. Consequently, the texture of these sediments is generally coarser than in the South Basin, and the composition primarily reflects a Paleozoic and Precambrian provenance. The basin-wide decrease in Ca, total carbonate minerals, dolomite and calcite concentrations upward in the cores is reflected by a decrease in the detrital carbonate component in all but the most northern cores. Other basin-wide trends show an upward increase in organic content in all cores. An increase in grain size near the top of most cores suggests a major, basin-wide change in sedimentation within the last, approximately 900 years in the South Basin.  相似文献   

12.
Assessing the thermal evolution of sedimentary basins over time is a major aspect of modern integrated basin analysis. While the behavior of clay minerals and organic matter with increasing burial is well documented in different geological and thermal settings, these methods are often limited by the temperature ranges over which they can be precisely applied and by the available material. Here, we explore the emergent Δ47 clumped isotope geospeedometry (based on the diffusional redistribution of carbon and oxygen isotopes in the carbonate lattice at elevated temperatures) to refine time‐temperature paths of carbonate rocks during their burial evolution. This study provides a reconstruction of the thermal and exhumation history of the Upper Cretaceous thrust belt series in the western subalpine massifs (Bauges and Bornes, French Alps) by a new approach combining for the first time available data from three independent geothermometers. The investigated area presents two zones affected by contrasting thermal histories. The most external zone has undergone a relatively mild thermal history (T < 70°C) and does not record any significant clay mineral diagenetic transformation. By contrast, the internal zone has experienced tectonic burial (prealpine nappes) in response to thrusting, resulting in overheating (T > 160–180°C) that induced widespread clay mineral diagenetic transformations (progressive illitization from R0 to R1 and R3 illite‐smectite mixed‐layers), organic matter maturation (oil window) and Δ47 thermal resetting with apparent equilibrium temperatures above 160°C. The three employed geothermal indicators conjointly reveal that the investigated Upper Cretaceous rocks have suffered a wide range of burial temperatures since their deposition, with a thermal maximum locally up to 160–180°C. High temperatures are associated with the tectonic emplacement of up to 4 km of prealpine nappes in the northern part of the studied area. Finally, a forward thermal modeling using Δ47, vitrinite reflectance and clay mineral data, is attempted to precisely refine the burial and exhumation histories of this area.  相似文献   

13.
湖泊碳酸盐记录的古水温定量研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
曾承  安芷生  刘卫国  余俊清 《盐湖研究》2008,16(1):42-50,59
湖泊古水温乃至古气温的定量反演,可以促进过去全球变化研究由定性走向定量。目前利用湖泊碳酸盐对湖泊古水温进行重建主要有三种方式,一是运用同位素地质温度计原理,利用水温与湖泊碳酸盐氧同位素值和湖水氧同位素值三者之间的函数关系,对湖泊古水温做定量研究;二是通过测定介壳[Mg2+]/[Ca2+]进而重建古水温;三是通过测定湖泊流域范围内现代水文气象参数及一些相关的同位素资料直接建立起湖泊自生碳酸盐氧同位素值与温度间的统计模型。各种方法有不同的适用条件和适用范围及其一定的局限性,对此做了归纳和评述。  相似文献   

14.
Stable isotopes and trace elements in ostracod shells have been used widely in paleolimnological investigations of past lake hydrochemistry and climate because they provide insights into past water balance and solute evolution of lakes. Regional differences in lake characteristics and species-specific element fractionation, however, do not permit generalization of results from other regions or ostracod species to the southern Tibetan Plateau, in part because most common taxa from the southern Tibetan Plateau are endemic to the area. This study evaluated relations between present-day environmental conditions and the geochemical composition of modern ostracod shells from the southern Tibetan Plateau, to assess the suitability of using shell chemistry to infer hydrological conditions. We studied nine lakes and their catchments, located along a west–east transect in the south-central part of the Tibetan Plateau. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope values and trace element concentrations in recent shells from the four most abundant ostracod species (Leucocytherella sinensis, ?Leucocythere dorsotuberosa, Limnocythere inopinata, Tonnacypris gyirongensis) were measured, together with hydrochemical properties of host waters at the time of sampling. Results revealed significant between-species differences in stable isotope fractionation and trace element incorporation into shell calcite. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope values of ostracod shells were correlated significantly with the stable isotope composition of the respective water body \( \left( {\updelta^{18} {\text{O}}_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}} \,{\text{and }}\updelta^{13} {\text{C}}_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}} } \right) \), reflecting salinity and productivity, respectively. Offsets between δ18Oshell and δ13Cshell and inorganic calcite, the latter representing isotopic equilibrium, suggest shell formation of T. gyirongensis during spring melt. L. sinensis reproduces throughout the monsoon season until September and shows several consecutive generations, and L. inopinata molts to the adult stage after the monsoon season in August/September. The influence of pore water δ13C was displayed by L. inopinata, suggesting shell calcification within the sediment. Mg/Cashell is primarily influenced by water Mg/Ca ratios and salinity and confirms the use of this shell ratio as a proxy for precipitation-evaporation balance and lake level. In addition, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca can be used to infer changes in salinity, at least in closed-basin lakes with calcite saturation. Observed effects of water Sr/Ca and salinity on Sr/Ca incorporation are biased by the presence of aragonite precipitation in the lakes, which removes bioavailable Sr from the host water, resulting in low Sr/Cashell values. Changes in carbonate mineralogy affect the bioavailability of trace elements, a process that should be considered in paleoclimate reconstructions. Oxygen isotopes and Mg/Cashell ratios were unaffected by water temperature. Positive correlations among Fe/Ca, Mn/Ca and U/Ca in ostracod shells, and their negative correlation with δ13C, which reflects organic matter decay, show the potential to infer changes in redox conditions that can be used to reconstruct past oxygen supply to bottom waters and thus past water-circulation changes within lakes. The intensity of microbial activity, associated with organic matter decomposition, can be inferred from U/Ca ratios in ostracod shells. These findings highlight the value of fossil ostracod records in lake deposits for inferring paleoenvironmental conditions on the southern Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

15.
本实验研究了采用不同溶剂（盐酸、醋酸、饱和EDTA-2Na盐等）对沉积物样品中的碳酸盐组分硼元素提取和硼同位素组成的影响。结果表明,1mol/L的醋酸是溶解沉积物样品中碳酸盐组分的最佳溶剂,能将沉积物中的碳酸盐完全溶解,并有效避免样品中石膏、硅酸盐等矿物的溶出,对其中铁的氧化物等影响也比较小,同时,过硼特效树脂前将溶液调至弱碱性所用的亚沸氨水的量较少,从而引入的本底较少。采用盐酸和饱和EDTA-2Na溶液溶解沉积物,容易将沉积物中除碳酸盐以外的矿物中的硼溶出,如石膏、硅酸盐矿物等,不利于碳酸盐组分中硼的提取。  相似文献   

16.
实验研究了不同溶剂(盐酸、醋酸、饱和EDTA-2Na盐等)对沉积物样品中的碳酸盐组分硼元素提取和硼同位素组成的影响。结果表明,1 mol/L的醋酸是溶解沉积物样品中碳酸盐组分的最佳溶剂,能将沉积物中的碳酸盐完全溶解,并有效避免样品中石膏、硅酸盐等矿物的溶出,对其中铁的氧化物等影响也比较小;同时,在过硼特效树脂前将溶液调至弱碱性所用的亚沸氨水的量较少,从而引入的本底较少。采用盐酸和饱和EDTA-2Na溶液溶解沉积物,容易将沉积物中除碳酸盐以外的矿物中的硼溶出,如石膏、硅酸盐矿物等,不利于碳酸盐组分中硼的提取。  相似文献   

17.
岱海是东亚夏季风边缘地带的闭流型半咸水湖泊,其汇水流域降水量的变化易于引发湖泊水位和水化学变动。选用DH11-1岩芯进行1 mm分辨率XRF元素扫描分析,并对测试结果进行多元数理统计分析,旨在查明这些元素与外源碎屑、自生碳酸盐沉积以及岱海水位、水化学变化的关联。结果显示,Si、Al、Ti、K、Fe、Rb等元素相关性好,并呈现相似的变化趋势,其含量变化与主要河流带入的碎屑物的多寡有关;Ca元素主要反映沉积物中自生碳酸盐即文石和方解石矿物含量的增减。研究发现,在人类活动严重影响之前,岱海在过去~400年期间的环境特征总体可划分为4个阶段,各阶段的水位、水化学特征及水量平衡有所不同,总体受汇水盆地降水量变化的控制。此外,沉积物中Cu、Zn、Cr可能与人类活动影响有关。  相似文献   

18.
Basin modelling studies are carried out in order to understand the basin evolution and palaeotemperature history of sedimentary basins. The results of basin modelling are sensitive to changes in the physical properties of the rocks in the sedimentary sequences. The rate of basin subsidence depends, to a large extent, on the density of the sedimentary column, which is largely dependent on the porosity and therefore on the rate of compaction. This study has tested the sensitivity of varying porosity/depth curves and related thermal conductivities for the Cenozoic succession along a cross‐section in the northern North Sea basin, offshore Norway. End‐member porosity/depth curves, assuming clay with smectite and kaolinite properties, are compared with a standard compaction curve for shale normally applied to the North Sea. Using these alternate relationships, basin geometries of the Cenozoic succession may vary up to 15% from those predicted using the standard compaction curve. Isostatic subsidence along the cross‐section varies 2.3–4.6% between the two end‐member cases. This leads to a 3–8% difference in tectonic subsidence, with maximum values in the basin centre. Owing to this, the estimated stretching factors vary up to 7.8%, which further gives rise to a maximum difference in heat flow of more than 8.5% in the basin centre. The modelled temperatures for an Upper Jurassic source rock show a deviation of more than 20 °C at present dependent on the thermal conductivity properties in the post‐rift succession. This will influence the modelled hydrocarbon generation history of the basin, which is an essential output from basin modelling analysis. Results from the northern North Sea have shown that varying compaction trends in sediments with varying thermal properties are important parameters to constrain when analysing sedimentary basins.  相似文献   

19.
近年来的调查工作发现,柴达木盆地西部的一些背斜构造区油田卤水具有储量大、品位高的特点,表现出良好的开发和利用前景。在狮子沟背斜构造区深部有含卤层甚至盐岩层的发现。以狮子沟背斜构造区深层卤水为研究对象,采样测试其离子含量,进而分析卤水的离子比例系数,对其水化学特征、物质来源、演化过程进行分析,研究认为深部卤水主要是盐岩溶解作用形成的,其中不乏有沉积卤水的加入;其演化主要受控于蒸发和溶解的双重作用,同时白云岩化、酸性斜长石的溶解以及中酸性热液的淋滤作用也可能对该区卤水有某种程度的影响。  相似文献   

20.
Fault throw gradients create transverse folding, and this can influence accommodation creation and sedimentary routing and infill patterns in extensional half-graben basin. The Fanja half-graben basin (Oman) offers an excellent outcrop of an alluvial fan succession displaying cyclical stacking and basin-scale growth-fold patterns. These unique conditions allow for an investigation of fault-timing and accommodation development related to fault-transverse folding. Our study combines geological mapping, structural analysis, sedimentary logging and correlation, and bulk mineralogical compositions. Mapping reveals that the basin is bounded by a regional-scale fault, with local depocentres changing position in response to transverse syncline and anticline development ascribed to fault-displacement gradients. The alluvial Qahlah Formation (Late Cretaceous) is unconformably overlying the Semail Ophiolite, and is in turn overlain by the marine Jafnayn Formation (Late Palaeocene). Facies and stratigraphic analysis allows for subdivision of the Qahlah Formation into four informal units, from base to top: (i) laterite in topographic depressions of the ophiolite, (ii) greenish pebbly sandstones, deriving from axially draining braided streams deposited in the low-relief half-graben basin. This green Qahlah grades vertically into the red Qahlah, formed by alluvial fanglomerates and floodplain mudstones, with drainage patterns changing from fault-transverse to fault-parallel with increasing distance to the main fault. The red Qahlah can be divided into (iii) the Wadi al Theepa member, found in a western basin depocentre, with higher immaturity and sand: mud ratio, suggesting a more proximal source, and (iv) the Al Batah member, located in the eastern part of the basin. The latter shows better sorting, a lower sand: mud ratio, and more prominent graded sub-units. It also shows eastward expansion from an orthogonal monocline, ascribed to accommodation developed in a relay ramp. Changes in sedimentary facies and depositional patterns are consistent with differential mineralogical composition. The Green Qahlah is composed of quartz and lithic mafic rock fragments, sourced from the ophiolite and schists of the metamorphic basement. The Red Qahlah is composed of chert and kaolinite sourced from the Hawasina Nappe succession in the footwall of the master fault. These changes in source area are linked to unroofing of fault-footwalls and domal structures during the extensional collapse of the Semail Ophiolite. The novelty of this study resides in linking sedimentology and fault-displacement events controlling fault-perpendicular folding, and its influence on depocentre generation and stratigraphic architecture. This is an approach seldom considered in seismic analysis, and rarely analysed in outcrop studies, thus placing the results from this study among the key outcrop-based contributions to the field.  相似文献   

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