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四川盆地普光气田在近期获得重大突破,普光气田礁滩复合型气藏物质聚集模式及储层特征的深入研究对于川东北地区乃至整个四川盆地的碳酸盐岩有利勘探区的预测具有一定的指导意义。受开江—梁平台盆(inter-platform basin)的控制,普光地区长兴组—飞仙关组在台盆东侧发育了类似于威尔逊相模式的碳酸盐岩沉积体系,主要发育台地蒸发岩、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘礁滩、斜坡和台盆沉积相,但陆棚相不甚发育。古地理的分异主要围绕开江—梁平台盆的发育、发展及填平补齐的过程而演化。储层沉积微相及微观地质特征研究表明,台地边缘礁滩相为该区储层发育最有利的相带,海绵障积白云岩、海绵骨架礁灰岩、鲕粒白云岩及残余鲕粒白云岩等为最主要的储集岩类型。优质储层的发育主要受沉积相带展布,后期的白云石化、溶蚀作用以及构造作用的控制。 相似文献
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川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩生物礁滩相储层中普遍存在着固体沥青.本文以普光气田上二叠统长兴组和下三叠统飞仙关组储层中固体沥青为研究对象,在显微镜下观察固体沥青的产状特征,测定固体沥青含量和计算固体沥青与储层孔隙的体积比率,分析固体沥青的成因及形成期次,推算古油藏的密度.普光气田飞仙关组固体沥青主要呈环边状附于鲕粒白云岩、残余鲕粒白云岩晶间溶孔,溶蚀孔壁,沥青含量在1.11%～5.73%之间,均值2.92%;长兴组生物礁储层固体沥青多呈团块状充填于各种溶蚀孔洞中,沥青含量0.31%～11.72%之间,均值3.57%.两套储层中的固体沥青含量都有随埋深而减少的趋势.飞仙关组储层中固体沥青与储层孔隙的体积比约为22%,长兴组为43%～56%.普光气田储层固体沥青为热演化成因并为两期形成,飞仙关储层固体沥青为轻质油古油藏裂解形成,长兴组储层固体沥青为稠油古油藏裂解形成. 相似文献
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以四川盆地普光气田下三叠统飞仙关组砾屑碳酸盐岩为研究对象,根据砾屑成分、发育规模、颗粒大小、磨圆程度等方面的差异,将砾屑碳酸盐岩分为砾屑灰岩和砾屑白云岩。研究结果表明,普光地区飞仙关组小型砾屑灰岩多为异地搬运后沉积形成的,它的形成与浊流有关;而大型砾屑白云岩多为未经过搬运(或经短距离搬运)、岩崩塌积后沉积形成的。普光气田飞仙关组斜坡带砾屑碳酸盐岩沉积模式中,碳酸盐台地为砾屑灰岩提供物质来源;上斜坡一般发育大型砾屑白云岩,是储层发育的有利地带;下斜坡处发育薄层砾屑灰岩,储层发育条件差。 相似文献
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中国海相油气田勘探实例之六 四川盆地普光大气田的发现与勘探 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
普光气田是一个储量规模大、埋藏深、资源丰度高的整装海相气田。气田发现于2003年,至2005年底累计探明储量2510.7×108m3。普光背斜构造的气藏圈闭面积为45.6km2,主要含气层段为下三叠统飞仙关组及上二叠统长兴组礁滩相白云岩。烃源岩为下志留统龙马溪组和上二叠统龙潭组泥岩和页岩。论述了气田的发现和勘探过程及气藏的基本地质特征,总结了它对我国碳酸盐岩和成熟盆地油气勘探的启示。 相似文献
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四川盆地东部下三叠统飞仙关组海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探具有巨大的前景,目前已进入地层-岩性油气藏勘探阶段,因 此加强对该区储层发育特征及分布预测的研究显得尤为重要。本文以精细岩心观察和薄片鉴定为基础,结合扫描电镜、物性 和孔隙结构等资料分析,对该区储层发育特征及主控因素进行分析,预测了该区有利储层分布区域。研究区飞仙关组主要的 储集岩类型是白云岩类,鲕粒灰岩次之;物性总体上呈现低孔、低渗的特征,且主要储集空间为粒内溶孔和晶间溶孔;储层类型 主要是裂缝-孔隙型;储层发育程度受控于岩石类型、沉积相带分布、海平面升降、白云岩化作用等因素影响。其中鲕滩发 育区为有利储集相带、相对海平面下降有利于储层孔隙的形成,埋藏成因的粉晶-细晶白云岩、鲕粒白云岩是飞仙关组储层 中最普遍也最为重要的成岩作用类型,也是优质储层形成的关键。综合飞仙关组储层特征及主控因素分析,预测了有利储 层发育区。 相似文献
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川北地区飞仙关组储层特征及其主控因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用宏观和微观相结合的方法,对川北地区飞仙关组鲕粒滩储层的研究表明,其储集岩类型主要有鲕粒白云岩和鲕粒灰岩,储集空间以次生孔隙为主,储集物性较差,多为低孔、低渗的裂缝-孔隙型和孔隙-裂缝型储层。研究区飞仙关组储层是海平面下降形成的一套产物,储层的发育及演化受到沉积作用和成岩作用的共同控制。二叠纪长兴组生物礁古地貌高地和龙门山岛链的形成,为飞仙关组的沉积提供了高能沉积环境,而相对海平面的下降促进了高能滩体的形成,位于台地边缘的高能鲕粒滩体是储层发育的有利部位;混合水白云化作用和埋藏溶解作用为次生孔隙的形成提供了有利条件,改善了储层的储集性能。 相似文献
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对四川盆地北部孤立台地边缘下三叠统飞仙关组鲕滩储层的认识尚存诸多分歧,尤其是在储层白云石化、孔隙类型和成因方面。认为构成储层的主要岩性是残余鲕粒泥晶白云岩、残余鲕粒粉晶白云岩和细晶白云岩,储集空间以粒间孔和鲕模孔为主。沉积微相、鲕粒矿物成分和早期淡水溶蚀作用是储层形成的主控因素,其中相控是基础,是粒间孔发育的关键,鲕粒矿物成分和早期大气淡水溶蚀是鲕模孔形成的决定因素。回流渗透白云石化作用是白云岩形成的关键,其主要贡献在于增加了岩石强度,抑制压溶和胶结作用,使早期孔隙得以保存。埋藏溶蚀作用有两期,分别与有机酸和TSR产物有关,但埋藏溶蚀只是对原有储集空间的有益改造。 相似文献
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根据岩心、岩石铸体薄片、岩石物性分析化验资料并结合测井资料,对四川盆地龙岗气田三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储集层特征进行了研究。结果表明,研究区飞仙关组孔隙较发育、物性较好、能作为优质储集层的基本上都是白云岩类,尤其是鲕粒白云岩。初步认为这类鲕粒白云岩的形成主要与早期白云化作用（可能为混合水白云化）有关。结合区域地质背景,认为飞仙关期相对海平面呈振荡下降,其对早期白云化有重要控制作用,并在垂向上形成飞三1、飞二1两个白云化旋回,而优质储集层主要发育于这两个旋回中。 相似文献
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普光、元坝和龙岗等多个大、中型天然气田的发现,揭示了川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组环开江-梁平陆棚东西两侧和城口-鄂西陆棚西侧台缘礁、滩带具有巨大油气勘探潜力。勘探实践证实不同部位台缘带的气藏特点及相关礁、滩沉积和储层特征均具有明显差异性。文中在层序地层学、沉积学和储层评价等研究基础上对这些差异性开展了分析工作。川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组识别出两个三级层序,它们均由海侵和高位体系域构成,总体表现为水体向上变浅序列。研究区内不同部位的台缘带沉积和储层具有明显的差异,长兴期环开江-梁平陆棚东西两侧台缘地貌相近,铁厂河-普光-高峰场台缘带具加积为主、台缘斜坡陡、滩薄、生物礁发育的特点,上部白云岩化强;元坝-龙岗台缘带具前积和侧积明显、斜坡略缓、礁和滩均发育的特点,礁滩上部白云岩化强,孔隙型储层发育且物性较好;飞仙关期台缘不对称性明显,铁厂河-普光-高峰场台缘带仍以加积型为主,飞二段鲕滩发育,白云岩化强,孔隙型储层发育,具有储层厚度大和物性好的特点;元坝-龙岗台缘带飞二段发育鲕滩,但滩厚度薄、白云岩化弱,以孔隙型储层为主,储层物性略差。宣汉盘龙洞-见天坝长兴组台缘生物礁滩相及飞二段台缘鲕滩发育,白云岩化强,易于形成较好的储层。通过综合分析研究认为不同部位台缘带沉积及储层分布明显受同沉积古地貌、白云岩化强度、断裂、埋藏期成岩作用和流体活动等综合因素控制。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。 相似文献
16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。 相似文献
17.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献
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利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小. 相似文献
20.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a
state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m
rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much
of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets
on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing
climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes
in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course
of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely
followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of
insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and
ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and
less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal.
Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes
for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the
beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity
has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million
years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century.
The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently,
and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations
in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is
unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial
“icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3
plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of
the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we
must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of
the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates.
Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997 相似文献