共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
《气象科学进展》2021,(4)
回顾70年来天气雷达发展历程,对比国内外天气雷达保障技术现状,从天气雷达定标、测试与故障诊断技术发展与趋势阐述国内天气雷达保障技术需求。国内单极化天气雷达定标技术形成了规范化、标准化的操作方法和流程。双通道一致性和极化隔离度是双偏振天气雷达定标技术的重要指标,国外双偏振天气雷达定标技术已经成熟,重点在双偏振天气雷达数据质量控制;国内双偏振天气雷达定标技术在太阳法、小雨法、标校平台(源)法、无人机定标技术等方面不断深入研究,探索相控天气雷达定标技术对加快我国天气雷达系统技术发展和促进业务化应用有重大意义。国外天气雷达测试与故障诊断技术已经向智能化、远程化方向发展。国内天气雷达测试与故障诊断技术早期依赖于人工和经验,目前处于传统技术与智能化诊断技术交替时期。国内研制的天气雷达标准输出控制器系统和天气雷达测试与故障诊断平台使得天气雷达系统测试与故障诊断技术水平跃升到一个新的台阶和高度——集成化、模块化和智能化。依托虚拟仪器和软件算法的智能化诊断技术提高了天气雷达测试与故障诊断的效率、准确性,以及系统的"自适应性"和"智能性"是主要的发展趋势。未来智能化天气雷达技术不断发展,天气雷达系统固态化、智能化水平较高,将对天气雷达的定标、测试和故障诊断技术带来新的挑战。 相似文献
2.
针对天气雷达固定测试平台存在无法完成雷达系统、分系统关键参数测试；便携式移动测试平台不具备对雷达自动控制功能，无法实现一键自动化测试功能；以及雷达故障诊断不具备智能诊断等缺点，设计了一种基于天气雷达移动测试保障平台的自动智能化测试系统，该系统由软件系统、嵌入式计算机系统、测量仪器功能组件以及测试适配接口四大部分组成。该系统基于标准总线与合成仪器的架构，采用高集成度的射频收发硬件平台和具有二次开发能力的开放式可扩展软件平台相结合进行设计。通过仪表和雷达自动化控制、测试数据自动采集和处理、测试报表自动生成、基于逻辑判断的故障智能定位等技术，实现了雷达参数自动化一键测试和定标，以及雷达故障智能定位等功能。结果表明，该系统能提高雷达现场测试、定标和故障诊断效率。 相似文献
3.
4.
新一代天气雷达是一个组成结构复杂的探测平台,各个组合之间比较分散。由于机械运转的持续性,且对运行环境要求严格,所以雷达系统易发故障。对不同类型的雷达故障进行归纳和简析,并进行归类,按照雷达故障产生的原因分类为:雷达部件故障、软件故障、灾害引起的雷达故障、虚假报警、雷达产品图像错误。天气雷达故障处理和故障标准化平台的开发将相应的成果应用于日常的气象探测设备的监控业务中,并集成到综合气象观测系统运行监控平台,以实现天气雷达故障的快速响应和维修。对2007年6月至2010年5月新一代天气雷达的运行能力进行了计算,并抽样其中2种型号的天气雷达,对故障案例进行分析研究,给出了故障的分系统分布情况。 相似文献
5.
《高原气象》2015,(4)
为探究、验证X波段相控阵气象雷达系统及其回波数据的可靠性,基于X波段相控阵气象雷达系统及地基外场试验,对比分析了X波段相控阵气象雷达系统与X波段机械式天线气象雷达系统的回波数据。在脉宽为6μs和1μs两种探测模式下,通过散点分布和概率分布方法对比分析了相控阵天气雷达的回波强度和径向速度数据的差异性。结果表明:(1)在脉宽为6μs和1μs的探测模式下,X波段相控阵气象雷达与常规天气雷达有比较接近的探测能力和可靠的数据质量;在远距离处,相控阵气象雷达的回波数据呈现层次结构清晰、轮廓显著的特性;(2)宽波束以及波束宽度展宽等特性平滑了相控阵气象雷达的回波强度,改变回波结构,弱回波区面积减小,强回波区增大;(3)天线增益不均匀影响相控阵雷达数据质量,理论上可以用1/(cosθcosφ)的增益修正因子对回波强度进行修订。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
天气雷达是短时和临近预报的主要工具 ,它对防汛、防雹、人控和有偿专项服务起着很大的作用。中国气象局于 2 0 0 1年 3月对内蒙古气象台原有71 3测雨雷达进行了大修改造。新改进的雷达除天线外 ,大部分都进行了更新换代 ,引进了桂林市 72 2厂 CTL系列天气雷达数据处理系统 ,现已投入了业务使用。1 CTL - 71 3C型天气雷达系统的用途、基本组成和工作原理1 .1 雷达系统的用途CTL - 71 3C型天气雷达系统为固定式 5 cm波段数字化天气雷达系统 ,主要用于探测 40 0 km范围的云体、降水、雷暴、冰雹和台风等气象目标 ,测量其空间位置、强… 相似文献
9.
便携式雷达现场测试和诊断移动平台是集雷达系统设备性能参数测试、故障诊断、维修保障等功能于一体的新型技术保障平台。该平台通过仪器仪表的集成、综合检测的流程化、应用软件和配套工装的开发,可解决雷达站缺乏系统的测试维修与诊断手段、故障诊断与维修主要依靠厂家、远程测试与诊断指导的技术手段和能力薄弱、台站配备的仪器仪表单一等主要业务问题。该平台对雷达站现场开展雷达系统设备的故障检测、测试分析、维修指导等工作具有重要的现实意义,能给雷达现场测试维修、故障诊断及快速恢复系统正常运行提供便利和帮助。 相似文献
10.
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献