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利用从大宝山尾矿库酸性矿山废水培养得到的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.f.菌)和闪锌矿进行初始pH 2.00和pH 3.00条件下的无菌氧化、含菌含铁氧化和含菌不含铁氧化实验.通过测定实验过程溶液的阳离子、硫酸根离子含量和pH值,实验固体产物的XRD分析和反应前后闪锌矿表面的电镜扫描(SEM)对比分析,获得如下结论:①在不含铁离子的情况下,闪锌矿在pH为2.00的环境下比pH为3.00的环境下更容易被氧化;②氧化亚铁硫杆菌对闪锌矿的氧化有明显的促进作用,其氧化速率比无菌氧化速率要提高10～30倍;③铁离子存在对闪锌矿生物氧化有明显的促进作用,最高可达300倍;④氧化亚铁硫杆菌以及铁离子存在使闪锌矿的生物氧化作用最终溶液pH值明显低于无菌氧化作用的pH值;⑤闪锌矿的微生物氧化的最佳pH条件在2.0～2.4之间.闪锌矿的生物氧化过程中,细菌的直接氧化作用和间接氧化作用可能都是存在的. 相似文献
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研究砂岩型铀矿床中本源嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, At.f）、嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans,At.t）对黄铁矿及铀矿浸出的协同作用。采用富集培养法、无机盐硅酸钠平板法对砂岩型铀矿中的硫杆菌分离纯化,通过分析菌株的形态学特征、生理生化结果及16S rDNA序列确定菌株的系统发育地位,并利用摇瓶培养法设计浸矿试验,向黄铁矿浸出体系中分别加入分离纯化的At.f、At.t及混合的At.f和At.t,检测pH值、氧化还原电位值（Eh值)的变化,浸矿40 d,测定浸矿体系的总铁离子浓度和硫酸根离子浓度,并分析黄铁矿矿渣表面形态及成分。根据黄铁矿的浸出结果,设计铀矿浸出试验,浸矿40 d,测定浸出体系中的pH值、Eh值、总铁离子浓度、硫酸根离子浓度等参数并计算四价铀的浸出率。结果表明,分离的两株优势菌中SW-2鉴定为嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(At.f),SW-3鉴定为嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌(At.t)。At.f、At.t浸出黄铁矿和铀矿时存在协同作用,At.f为浸矿体系的强氧化剂,主要将Fe2+氧化成Fe3+,Fe3+将UO2氧化成可溶性的UO22+;At.t可为浸矿体系提供酸性环境;At.f: At.t = 5:1试验组对黄铁矿和铀矿的浸矿效果最好,四价铀的浸出率为55.60%,黄铁矿矿渣表面形态显示细菌对黄铁矿存在直接的氧化作用;At.f、At.t高效浸出黄铁矿的菌量比例对以黄铁矿为伴生矿的铀矿的细菌浸出也具有明显的促进作用,研究结果可以为工业微生物浸铀时提供一定的支持并为以黄铁矿为伴生矿的其他矿物的微生物浸出提供参考。 相似文献
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矿山固体废物中硫化物经微生物作用形成的酸性矿山排水及其引起的重金属污染是备受关注的环境问题,而岩石和矿石中的方解石能够影响酸性矿山排水的生成和迁移。为了考察方解石对硫化物-微生物氧化作用的影响,开展了系统的模拟实验,利用ICP-AES、XRD、XRF等分析手段,测定了实验溶液的pH值、Eh值、离子浓度和次生沉淀成分。结果表明,在无方解石或方解石含量低时,黄铜矿的微生物氧化过程中,pH值下降、Eh值上升,有多种重金属离子进入溶液,并生成大量黄钾铁矾、自然硫等次生沉淀。添加过量方解石能有效中和氧化过程产生的酸并能显著抑制氧化菌的活动。因此通过添加碳酸盐矿物的方法可使溶液pH调节至微碱性,降低微生物的活性、阻滞铜矿石的氧化,能够有效降低重金属的释放。 相似文献
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氧化亚铁硫杆菌对黄铁矿的氧化作用初探 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用自行分离培养的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.f菌)为实验菌株,比较了黄铁矿化学氧化和生物氧化过程中溶液铁离子浓度的变化。研究发现,Fe3 对黄铁矿的氧化速率较低,而在细菌的作用下可以不断将Fe2 氧化成Fe3 使得黄铁矿的氧化速率明显加快,因此生物氧化具有更高的效率。经过44 d的氧化之后,利用扫描电镜对氧化后的黄铁矿表面进行了显微观察,发现Fe3 的化学氧化主要集中在化学键较弱的晶棱部位,而在生物氧化的情况下矿物表面充满了密集的溶蚀坑,溶蚀坑的形状与A.f菌的外形非常相近,且规则排列。这说明A.f菌能够吸附到黄铁矿表面,并且这种吸附具有定向排列的特点。 相似文献
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黄钾铁矾是酸性矿山废水（AMD） 中常见的次生矿物,能有效吸附AMD中Cu、Pb、Zn、Gd、As等重金属元素。不
同条件下形成的黄钾铁矾微形貌不同,其吸附能力也不同。文章通过化学法和微生物法合成了黄钾铁矾,并在粤北大宝山
矿酸性矿山废水中采集了含黄钾铁矾的泥样。利用扫描电镜-能谱分析（SEM） 和X光衍射（XRD）,对三种不同条件下形
成的黄钾铁矾进行鉴定和微形貌特征观察,并分析黄钾铁矾的形成条件。结果表明,常温条件下,pH值2.0~2.5时能够化
学合成黄钾铁矾,其晶体粒径约2~10 μm,且晶形呈板状;而在65℃时,可在pH2.0~3.0之间化学合成黄钾铁矾,但晶形
差。微生物法合成黄钾铁矾pH范围是2.0~5.0,其晶形完好,呈菱面体且晶体大小比较均匀,而约为2~4 μm。酸性矿山废
水中的黄钾铁矾形成的pH值为2.5~3.5,晶形为菱面体形,单个晶体大小多为1~2 μm。根据其形成条件和微形貌特征,文
章推测酸性矿山废水中形成的黄钾铁矾可能是微生物成因。 相似文献
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以广西合山煤矿为例,应用硫酸盐硫、氧同位素示踪并量化酸性矿山废水对矿区地下水的污染。合山矿井水表现出高浓度SO2-4和低p H值的酸性矿山废水特征,其硫酸盐硫、氧同位素组成显著富集轻同位素,表明煤矸石中黄铁矿的氧化是其产生的主要机制,反应途径为微生物作用下Fe3+对Fe S2的氧化。利用硫酸盐硫、氧同位素组成并应用三元混合模型计算,结果表明矿区地下水基本都受到酸性矿山废水的入渗影响,其对地下水硫酸盐的贡献比例为16%~52%。硫酸盐硫、氧同位素能够示踪酸性矿山废水对地下水的影响,是示踪与评价矿山开采活动对地下水污染的有效手段。 相似文献
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嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌与硫化物矿石相互作用的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实验研究了嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称A.f)与硫化物矿石之间的相互作用,以观察不同矿石矿物发生微生物氧化和形成次生矿物的差异。采用ICP-OES分析了反应前后溶液成分变化,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段研究了矿石表面形貌的变化和沉淀物的矿物组成。分析结果表明,A.f对同一矿石中不同矿物作用强度存在明显差异,方铅矿、闪锌矿发生强烈氧化分解,而与黄铁矿的相互作用则较弱。这种差异可能与矿物晶体结构有关,在多种矿物并存的情况下,可能发生了原电池反应,作为阴极的黄铁矿受到保护,而作为阳极的闪锌矿、方铅矿的氧化作用得到促进,总体上表现为A.f对矿石硫化矿物的选择性作用。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>利用从粤北大宝山尾矿库酸性矿山废水培养得到的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.f.菌)菌株培养液(菌悬液浓度达到1×107个/mL)和毒砂粉末,在250ml的锥形瓶中进行系列浸泡实验,矿浆密度为3%(100mL溶液中含3g毒砂粉末)。将毒砂粉末加入含有Fe2+和不含Fe2+的9K培养基中,接种10%(加入的菌悬液/溶液总体积)的A.f液悬液,用1:1的H2SO4调节p H,分别为2.00、3.00和3.50,将锥形瓶放置于HZQ-C空气浴振荡器,培养温度为30℃,转速为150r/min,每日振荡20h;同时进行无菌浸泡的对比实验,实验为期30d。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献