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以江都水利枢纽大型水闸和泵站水工建筑物为例,依据多年流速仪实测资料,以系统误差和随机不确定度等指标分析各垂线平均流速推算断面流量的精度。结果表明:大型水闸和泵站的上下游河道断面稳定,均存在多条测速垂线,其平均流速与断面平均流速在高、中、低水期都有很好的相关关系。与断面平均流速相关性较高且推算断面流量精度较高的测速垂线,均位于测流断面主流区,即中水位时河道中部约1/3水面宽的区域内。河道主流区中泓两侧相距较远的相关性较高的2条测速垂线,综合反映了全断面的水流状态、测站特性和水工建筑物运行控制的特点,其平均流速推算断面流量的精度远高于相关性较高的任意单垂线,且对水工建筑物在闸门低开启或开启高度不一致等工况下的出流,均可达到一类精度水文站的规范要求。分析成果具有较好的代表性,可供全国同类型水文站的流量测验精简分析借鉴和参考,为实现高精度的在线流量监测提供分析的依据。 相似文献
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水文站在线流量测验方法初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出了寻找水文站流量测验断面平均流速的代表性垂线流速,从而得到满足测验精度之下的在线流量测验方法,并对进而配置自动化遥测流量测验设备测流、寻找水面一点流速的相关位置测流提出了相关建议。以秦淮河流域句容河前垾村水文站1990~2016年918个流量测验成果为分析对象。分析结果表明在高水期、中水期、低水期,起点距为65 m的垂线平均流速与断面平均流速的确定性系数R都在0.98以上,起点距为65 m的测速垂线适宜作为高、中、低水期的V-ADCP自动测流设备安装位置。上述研究为全国同类型水文站在线流量测验研究提供可行的建议使用方法。 相似文献
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内陆河流域河流水面流速系数比测试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水面流速系数是流量测验中经常使用的参数.目前,大部分水文站使用水面流速系数均选用经验值,为提高流量洲验精度,2003-2007年间.在内陆河流域代表站莺落峡、高崖、正义峡、祁连、肃南水文站开展了对水面流速系数的比测试验工作,取得大量比测试验资料.通过分析得出试验分析成果,并对试验分析计算方法和比测试验方法进行了探讨.水面流速系数分析计算方法采用算术平均法、回归分析法.两种分析方法得出的结论基本一致.算术平均法是对回归分析成果的校核.因此均采用回归分析法比测试验分析成果.以莺落峡站为例对垂线比测法和断面流量比测法两种不同比测试验方法进行对比分析和比测试验方法优选.垂线比测法和断面流量比测法均能得到比较满意的结果,相关系数均达O.95以上,分析成果比较接近.断面流量比测法理论比较严密,得到的水面流速系数适合全断面应用.这些试验分析成果为提高流量测验精度提供理论依据. 相似文献
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传统的谢才－曼宁公式只能计算断面平均流速，不能计算垂线平均流速。但垂线平均流速的研究对于解决断面流速分布以及对水力学理论研究等方面都有很重要的意义。作者通过对均质边壁矩形、对称三角形断面的垂线平均流速与断面平均流速之间关系的分析研究和水力学试验，建立了用谢才－曼宁公式计算上述断面的垂线平均流速公式。进而通过拟手段求出均质边壁不规则断面的垂线平均流速。经用实验资料验证表明，计算与实验点据拟合良好。 相似文献
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目前分析浮标系数的半理论半经验公式: K_f=K_1(1+AK_v) (1) K_1=Q/Q_0 (2) 式中:K_f——断面浮标系数 K_1——断面平均水面流速系数 A——浮标阻力分布系数 K_v——断面平均空气阻力参数 Q——流速仪断面流量 Q_0——流速仪断面虚流量在测流河断内断面变化均匀,流速仪断面确能代表河段内各断面的平均的条件下是合理的。但是在天然河道内,特别是山溪性小河,难于 相似文献
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桥测技术在鲁北平原区巡测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在大量实测资料基础上，总结了桥上测流技术(以下简称桥测)在鲁北平原地区巡测中的应用情况，提出了一套合理适用的桥测方案，阐述了测流断面、测速垂线、测点布设方法及流速系数和流量改正系数取用范围，并对桥测的精度、效益进行了分析。分析表明，桥测流量精度较高，相对随机不确定度一般不超过10％，可在平原地区水文巡测中广泛使用。 相似文献
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大量波流相互作用的实验表明,当波浪顺流传播时,平均水面附近的流速减小,而当波浪逆流传播时,平均水面附近的流速增加.为了从理论上解释这种现象,从垂向二维Navier-Stokes方程出发,推导出波浪、潮流共同作用下的水流控制方程;采用微幅波理论简化控制方程,并引入Grant-Madsen波流边界层模型,得到波流共同作用下的紊动切应力及流速垂线分布表达式.通过和实验结果及数值结果的对比,结果预测值和实测值较为吻合,表明公式能反映波高变化及涡粘系数共同对流速垂线分布的影响,且简单实用.利用该公式分析了波浪顺流、逆流流速变化的原因. 相似文献
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缆道积宽法是采用缆道使流速仪保持在水面下同一深度,以等速沿着断面从一岸移动至另一岸,边移动、边测速的一种测流方法。据其操作方法不同又分为部分积宽法和全断面积宽法。全断面积宽法,只记载起点至终点的总历时和总转数据以计算断面平均流速;部分积宽法,不但记载起点至终点的总历时和总转数,同时还记载到达各个不同起点距位置的转数和 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献