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1.
利用2007—2016年浙江省地闪数据,数字地形海拔数据、土地覆盖数据和HWSD数据集,定量化分析海拔、坡度、坡向、土地覆盖类型、土壤电导率对该地区地闪的影响。研究结果表明:浙江省地闪主要集中在海拔0～600m、坡度0°～30°;坡向东南地闪次数最高,坡向西地闪次数最低;林地地闪次数最高,湿地地闪次数最低;地闪对应的电导率主要集中在0.1dS/m。单位面积下,地闪次数随海拔、坡度、电导率均呈现先增加后减少的趋势;坡向东、东南地闪次数较多,坡向西、西南地闪次数较少;土地覆盖类型地闪次数最高是城市和建筑区,最低是水体。此外,地闪强度平均值随海拔增加呈现先减小后增加的趋势;陡度平均值随海拔增加而减小。两参数均随坡度增加而减小;随电导率增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势。以5km×5km为网格单元统计网格内各参量平均值进行相关分析发现,浙江地区电流强度、陡度均和海拔、坡度呈现负相关。 相似文献
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为揭示地形及土地利用类型对江西地区强雷电活动影响，本文选取闪电密度极大值和闪电平均强度极大值作为反映强雷电活动的两个主要参数，利用江西雷电监测资料、地表植被遥感以及地形高程影像文件，提取不同土地利用类型以及海拔高度、坡度和坡向参数值，重点分析强雷电活动分布与土地利用及地形的相关性。结果表明：江西强雷电活动活跃区主要分布于城乡建设用地，雷电活动的落雷概率最高，其次为耕地。闪电平均强度极大值的雷电活动集中发生在赣州及九江的丘陵和山地，其土地利用类型主要为林地，其次为耕地。影响强雷电活动分布的地形因子主要包括坡度、坡向及海拔高度。 相似文献
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在利用我国中部5省（湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、河南）经济协作区52个闪电监测站2007—2010年闪电定位资料和1961—2010年雷暴日资料,分析协作区内闪电参数的分布特征的过程中,发现中部5省闪电参数在30.8°N纬度带两侧呈现不同的变化规律.36.4~30.8°N,正闪强度整体呈下降趋势,正闪陡度变化较小,平均值为16.48 kA·μs-1,负闪强度和陡度在32°N附近形成极大值后,在30.8°N附近迅速下降;一天中闪电频数最大值与最小值出现时间比较分散;初雷日约为4月5日、终雷日约为9月17日.30.8~ 24.4°N,正、负闪电强度绝对值呈上升趋势,正闪强度上升较快,从52.11 kA上升至77.88 kA,负闪强度绝对值上升较平缓,正闪陡度变化较小,平均值约为14.24 kA·μs-1,负闪陡度呈下降趋势,由12.07 kA·μs-1下降到8.90 kA·μs-1;闪电频数最大值出现时间集中在15—16时,闪电频数最小值出现时间集中在8—10时;初雷日约为2月18日,终雷日约为10月17日. 相似文献
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地闪回击电流是雷电的一个重要特征参数。其测量数据的积累对于雷电防护技术的提高具有重要意义。目前国内外的雷电研究人员通过矮塔、高塔直接观测，人工引雷观测和电场电流关系反衍的方法对地闪回击电流进行了大量的观测研究，并取得了丰富的观测资料。观测表明，负地闪首次回击电流平均为30kA，继后回击电流平均12kA。正地闪回击电流平均为35kA，有时可达几百kA。不同地区地闪回击电流平均值略有不同。高塔测量是主要的雷电流参量直接测量方法，但不同高度测量的地闪回击电流无论峰值还是波形都存在一定的差异。人工引发闪电和自然闪电继后回击雷电流的测量结果较为一致。间接估测雷电流参数的方法随着地闪回击模式的发展将成为主要的方法之一。 相似文献
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香港地区地闪时空分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
通过对香港地区2006—2012年闪电定位数据、气象参数和海拔高度等相关数据的统计及相关性分析,对香港地区的地闪活动时空分布特征及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明,香港地区2006—2012年的地闪发生次数最多的是2010年,最少是2011年,每年地闪高发日的天数对地闪活动年际变化起到了关键性作用。地闪活动的发生主要集中在4—9月,逐月地闪回击次数与气温、相对湿度、降雨量及CAPE均呈现显著的正相关关系。地闪活动的日变化特征主要受到地闪高发日闪电活动、海陆热力差异及太阳辐射变化的综合影响,正、负地闪回击次数的日变化峰值均出现在01时。香港西部地区的正地闪回击密度明显高于东部,而负地闪回击密度的高值中心主要集中在海拔较高的山区。香港地区正、负地闪回击密度均随海拔的升高而有所增加,且六座典型山峰周围的负地闪回击密度与海拔高度在空间分布特征上具有很强的相似性。 相似文献
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基于VLF/LF三维闪电监测定位系统的北京闪电特征分析 总被引：3，自引：7，他引：3
利用北京地区VLF/LF三维闪电监测定位系统的2015年1月—2016年12月的数据资料,分析北京地区总闪、云闪和地闪的时空分布和电流强度特征。结果表明:（1）北京地区闪电主要发生在6—9月,峰值出现在7月;一天中闪电高发时段在15时—次日02时,总闪频数的日变化存在3个峰值,分别出现在15、20时和次日02时。（2）北京地区总闪密度高值区主要集中在两个区域:①门头沟区中南部至昌平区中西部山前一带;②密云、顺义和平谷三区交界的山前一带。云闪和地闪密度的大值区也基本出现在这两个区域。（3）云闪高度主要集中在9 km以下,且3~6 km的云闪频数最多;云闪高度约在15 km以下时,平均雷电流强度随云闪高度的增大而增大,而超过15 km的平均雷电流强度随云闪高度增大而减小。（4）闪电雷电流强度主要集中在5~50 kA,雷电流强度大于100 kA的闪电很少发生;闪电频数高的时段平均雷电流强度较小,闪电频数低的时段平均雷电流强度较大。 相似文献
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我国因雷击造成的森林火灾和景区人员伤亡时有发生,近年来,泰山景区也多次发生雷击森林火灾和设备损坏等事故。为了有效地避免或降低雷击对泰山景区的危害,利用2007—2018 年山东省闪电定位系统监测的地闪资料,对泰山景区闪电活动特征及其与地形、海拔的相关性进行分析,从而为有效地开展防雷减灾服务及为地方政府部门决策提供技术支撑。 结果表明：虽然不同年份的落雷次数有所差别,但每年不同海拔高度落雷次数的分布特征比较一致,泰山景区年均地闪密度为1.82 次?km-2?a-1,地闪密度较高的区域集中在主峰和主峰西北方4 ～7 km附近山顶区域;地闪活动的季节性分布特征明显,夏季（6—8月）地闪次数约占全年总地闪次数的86.86%,海拔900 m以下落雷次数较多;日落雷次数的高峰时段为14:00—20:00,落区集中在200～800 m之间;正闪强度均值随海拔升高波动较大,负闪强度随海拔的变化较小;地闪密度随海拔升高呈现上升趋势,海拔高度＜800 m的区域地闪密度随海拔增加呈缓慢上升的趋势,海拔高度＞1 000 m的区域地闪密度随海拔增加呈明显上升的趋势,同时发现随海拔高度的增加地闪密度和陡度呈现增大和增高的趋势,800 m以上尤其明显,可见泰山景区地闪密度与陡度和海拔高度呈现较好的正相关性。 相似文献
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根据2007—2019年地闪监测资料,采用数理统计方法,分析湖北省闪电活动时空分布特征,融合地闪密度和雷电流强度,提出雷电强度的概念,并完成湖北省雷电强度等级划分。结果表明：湖北省以负极性闪电为主,占94.7%,平均正地闪强度为50.2 kA、负闪36.0 kA、总闪37.0 kA。闪电活动主要集中在全年的3—9月、全天的14—20时,闪电活动较弱的月份、时段发生正地闪的比例较高。正地闪强度月变化大致呈“V”型,总闪电和负地闪强度逐月波动变化。雷电流强度日变化主要呈单峰单谷型,正地闪强度09时最大,15时最小,总闪电和负地闪13—14时雷电流强度最小,05时最大。地闪密度和雷电流强度存在地域性差异,整体呈东高西低分布特征。湖北省雷电强度可划分为高、中、低3个等级,高值区主要位于湖北东部的大别山、幕阜山与江汉平原交汇地带以及湖北西部山区向江汉平原的过渡地带;湖北西南、湖北西北以及湖北个别边缘区域雷电强度等级较低;中值区主要分布在湖北中部平原一带。 相似文献
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闪电电场变化波形时域特征分析及放电类型识别 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对闪电电场变化波形进行时域特征分析,研究闪电放电类型识别方法,是闪电探测系统研制工作的重要组成部分.利用闪电快电场变化资料,研究分析闪电波形的时域特征,分别统计负地闪回击和双极性窄脉冲波形的上升时间、下降时间、脉冲宽度等多个特征参数,得出负地闪回击波形上升时间平均值为2.9μs、下降时间平均值为89μs、脉冲宽度平均值为15.4μs,而双极性窄脉冲波形的上升时间平均值为1.7μs、下降时间平均值为2.1μs、脉冲宽度平均值为2.4μs.通过对闪电波形参数的统计分析,给出了不同放电过程的识别判据,实现了对地闪回击、双极性窄脉冲的自动识别,并利用实测数据进行了验证.结果表明,制定的波形识别判据对负地闪回击的识别效率可达到90%,对正地闪回击与双极性窄脉冲事件也有较高的识别率. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献