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天津蓟县孙各庄碱性杂岩体年代学和岩石地球化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对天津蓟县孙各庄碱性杂岩体开展系统的主量、稀土和微量元素岩石地球化学研究和高精度的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年研究,厘定岩体的形成时代,全面认识该区碱性岩浆活动的性质、物质来源和构造背景,并探讨其重要的地质意义。研究表明:孙各庄碱性杂岩体中正长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(225.6±1.1)Ma,形成于晚三叠世,为印支期碱性岩浆活动的产物。岩体主要岩石类型为碱性正长岩和正长辉石岩:前者高Al,富碱,贫Ca、Mg和Fe,为铝过饱和岩石;后者富碱,高Ca、Mg、Fe;均属于碱性-强碱性岩石,且相对富K。稀土元素总量高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具极微弱的负Eu异常。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Sr、Ba和轻稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Hf和Th,正长辉石岩富集过渡族元素Cr、Ni和Co。由此表明:孙各庄碱性杂岩体形成于由挤压向伸展转变的引张型后碰撞构造环境,其岩浆物质来源与富集地幔相关,进而推测华北克拉通北缘早中生代岩石圈地幔具富集性。综合对比研究结果显示,华北克拉通北缘早中生代碱性岩浆活动的时间为238～220Ma。华北克拉通早中生代大规模的碱性岩浆活动可能与华北克拉通的破坏特别是岩石圈减薄具有相同的深部地球动力学背景。可以认为:华北克拉通北缘印支期碱性岩体的侵位时代238～220Ma可能代表华北克拉通岩石圈伸展减薄的起始时间,而且,岩石圈伸展减薄是从华北克拉通北缘西部开始的。 相似文献
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华北克拉通北缘富碱侵入岩带是我国重要的金矿成矿带,金矿成矿与克拉通边缘深大断裂的活动、富碱侵入岩岩浆活动关系密切。河北张-宣地区与正长岩有关的金矿床产于水泉沟正长岩杂岩体的内外接触带,与水泉沟碱性杂岩体有成因联系。近年来对其及与之有关的金(碲)矿化进行了深入研究,现就岩体成因、岩体形成年龄及金矿化年龄代等问题作一简要探讨。 相似文献
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阴山及邻区三叠纪富碱侵入岩的成因意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
富碱侵入岩主要包括碱性岩和碱性花岗岩以及碱长花岗岩,其全碱含量(K2O+Na2O)一般8%。碱性岩主要包括正长岩、霞石正长岩、辉石正长岩、霓霞正长岩、闪石正长岩等,在岩石化学上相对贫硅富铝高碱。碱性花岗岩是指含碱性角闪石、碱性辉石的花岗岩,相对富硅贫铝高碱。在各类侵入岩中,富碱侵入岩所占比例很小,其出露面积约占各类侵入岩出露总面积的2%。但是,富碱侵入岩却有重要的矿产和地质意义。富碱侵入岩的研究不仅对于揭示岩石圈地幔的组成特征、壳幔相互作用及其地球动力学背景具有重要的意义,而且,能为有关岩石圈演化、找矿勘查和资源评价工作提供科学依据。根据对现有资料的总结,燕辽-阴山地区目前已发现很多三叠纪的富碱侵入岩体,它们西起内蒙古包头市,东到吉林省的中部,向东一直延伸到朝鲜的北部,大体分布于北纬40°~42°之间(宽度约100km),构成一条近EW向、长达1500km的碱性岩带。阴山及邻区的三叠纪富碱侵入岩分布在包头、凉城、四子王旗、察哈尔右后旗和察哈尔右中旗地区,东边与之相邻的碱性侵入岩主要分布在天镇、阳原和矾山,它们形成于268~190Ma,其中凉城和包头富碱侵入岩的形成年龄较小(197~190Ma)。这些杂岩体的岩石学和地球化学组成变化较大,其SiO2含量变化可从35%到70%。相比之下,四子王旗和察哈尔地区的正长岩具有较高的SiO2和Al2O3含量,较低的TiO2、Fe2O3和MgO,这可能反映了它们是地幔源区物质较高程度部分熔融的产物,而且经历了相对较大程度的辉石、橄榄岩和角闪石的分离结晶作用。绝大多数正长岩具有很低的MgO含量,落在了板片熔融实验(1~4GPa)所产生的熔体范围之内,部分样品具有相对较高的MgO含量和Mg#,落在了来源于大洋板片熔融所产生的埃达克岩范围内,说明这些岩石的形成可能与再循环的俯冲板片熔融有关。这些侵入岩普遍富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如Ba,K和Sr)富集、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)、Th、U和P,其εNd(t)和(87Sr/86Sr)i值的变化范围分别为-17~-3和0.7054~0.7092。多数数据点落在了大洋沉积物的范围内,显示出II型富集地幔参与的特征,即这些正长岩的原始岩浆主要来源于富集的岩石圈地幔。四子王旗正长岩具有最低的εNd(t)值(-17),表明下地壳物质的贡献较大,这与其钾长石的Pb同位素组成特征相一致。现有的Pb同位素数据也表明在研究区富碱侵入岩的岩浆形成过程中有大洋物质的参与。从εNd(t)值与侵入岩形成年龄的相关性变化可以看出,随着形成年龄的减小,下地壳物质的贡献在增加。总之,上述特征表明它们主要来源于富集的岩石圈地幔,并有不同程度的下地壳物质的参与。该富集地幔的形成与古亚洲洋的俯冲作用有关。由于富碱侵入岩通常形成于拉张的构造背景下,因此研究区富碱侵入岩的形成标志着古亚洲洋的闭合以及华北-蒙古陆块碰撞的结束。这些俯冲和碰撞事件造成了华北北缘岩石圈地幔组成和性质的明显改变。该区富碱侵入岩的岩浆活动时空分布规律及其动力学背景尚需精确的年代学和详细的地球化学研究来进一步制约。 相似文献
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桂东南富钾岩浆岩岩的Nd同位素组成：华南中生代地幔物质上涌事件 总被引：16，自引：9，他引：16
广西东南部罗容杂岩体由辉长岩－闪长岩－二长岩－正长岩组成，马山由碱性辉长岩－正长岩－花岗闪长岩－花岗岩组成。它们富K、富大离子亲石元素（LIL），无Nb、Ta负异常等特征表明它们是形成于板内环境的钾玄质侵入岩。罗容杂岩体的各种岩石和马山的基性岩的εNd(T)稍低，为－0．6，此岩石单元是由幔源岩浆加热地壳使之熔融的壳源岩浆形成的，并伴有幔源岩浆的混合或交换。此二杂岩体形成于拉张构造环境。地幔物质上涌导致了中生代华南地壳张裂以及华南大规模花岗岩和相关矿床的形成。 相似文献
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布嘎寺正长岩体是目前冈底斯乃至青藏高原地区唯一含似长石及碱性暗色矿物的新生代碱性正长岩体,主要岩性为霓辉正长岩。碱性正长岩体与新生代钾质熔岩密切共生,Ar-Ar法测得正长岩的年龄为27.14Ma±0.05Ma,略早于熔岩。正长岩在化学成分上高钾、富碱,K2O Na2O>11%,K2O>8%,K2O/Na2O>2,里特曼指数σ>9,属超钾质的碱性系列岩石。岩石富集大离子亲石元素、生热元素和轻稀土元素,贫Sr、Ba,具弱的Eu负异常。岩石地球化学特征、O同位素组成、黑云母化学成分等显示其成岩物质来源于富集的上地幔。渐新世碱性正长岩与中新世钾质火山岩构成了该区碰撞后的构造岩浆组合,是在印度-欧亚板块碰撞引起的岩石圈加厚及高原隆升的基础上,岩石圈拆沉、软流圈上涌导致富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融所形成的。 相似文献
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西南三江永平卓潘碱性杂岩体源区与形成机制:全岩元素、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素联合约束 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
永平卓潘碱性杂岩体是三江特提斯新生代钾质岩浆带重要组成部分,位于兰坪盆地西缘。岩石类型主要为正长辉石岩、辉石正长岩、正长岩以及少量霞石正长岩。岩石化学性质显示高碱、高K_2O/Na_2O比值、低TiO_2和高Al_2O_3的特征。岩体微量元素显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)元素,特别是"Ta-Nb-Ti"负异常更明显,具有典型俯冲带岩浆的特征。稀土总含量都比较高,LREE富集,HLEE相对亏损,Eu负异常不明显或无Eu负异常,(La/Yb)_N值较大介于38.2～80.3之间。对卓潘岩体的正长岩和正长辉石岩2个样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,年龄分别为33.40±0.38Ma和34.22±0.33Ma。正长辉石岩εHf(t)值介于-10.6～-4.3之间,二阶段模式年龄在1356～1759Ma之间。卓潘碱性杂岩体不同岩性的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素原始地幔标准化图解基本一致,表明卓潘碱性杂岩体不同类型的岩石是同源岩浆演化的产物。岩体的Nb/U均值为2.95介于俯冲带流体和全球俯冲沉积物之间以及岩体微量元素明显亏损高场强元素Ti、Nb、Ta,稀土元素表现为轻稀土富集、无或弱的负Ce和负Eu异常,暗示了岩浆源区存在俯冲的洋壳或陆壳沉积物的流体或熔融体与岩石圈地幔的交代富集作用。岩浆源区经历晚石炭世-晚二叠世(305～250Ma)古特提斯昌宁-孟连洋和古特提斯金沙江-哀牢山洋双向俯冲,岩石圈地幔发生富集作用并形成富钾的交代岩石圈地幔。在新生代,新特提斯洋岩石圈从印度大陆岩石圈断离,引发交代富集大陆岩石圈地幔拆沉,热的软流圈上涌,熔融交代的富钾岩石圈地幔,岩浆侵位分异形成卓潘岩体。 相似文献
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南秦岭竹山地区发育强烈的志留纪碱性岩浆活动,主要岩性包括正长岩、火成碳酸岩、粗面岩和碱性玄武岩,侵位时间集中于450~430 Ma。该期碱性岩浆活动主要形成于幔源碱性玄武质岩浆结晶分异演化,岩浆源区以HIMU组分为主,具有HIMU和EMⅠ、EMⅡ多种富集地幔端员混合特征。碱性杂岩体普遍发育铌、稀土矿化,形成了庙垭、杀熊洞、天宝等大型或超大型矿床。区域性深大断裂及其次级断裂控制了碱性杂岩体或碱性火山杂岩的空间展布,富碱和较高的结晶分异程度是成矿有利条件。幔源与洋壳俯冲消减、陆源沉积物再循环以及地幔流体交代作用关系密切。该期碱性岩浆-成矿事件形成于板块边缘岩石圈强烈伸展和幔源岩浆底侵上涌背景。 相似文献
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本文研究的达茂旗黄合少、察哈尔右后旗古城和河北尚义县八道沟岩体位于华北克拉通北缘阴山—燕山北麓,索伦缝合带以南,沿近东西方向展布。主要岩石类型为正长岩、二长岩和石英二长岩。岩石地球化学研究表明其SiO2含量59. 08%~66. 52%, Al2O3= 15. 34%~21. 67%,A/CNK<1。属于准铝质中性岩范畴。全碱含量（Na2O+K2O）均在8%以上,在岩石的碱度率AR—SiO2图解上大多数样品落入碱性与过碱性区域,里特曼指数σ值从3. 73~10. 83均位于碱性或过碱性系列,属于碱性岩。岩体的微量元素以富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）如Rb、Ba和Sr等,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）如Ti、P、Nb和Ta等为特征。岩石稀土元素特征显示富集轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损重稀土元素（HREE）并且轻重稀土元素分馏比较明显的特征。除极个别样品外,岩石具有Eu负异常（δEu= 0. 35~0. 91）。通过对察哈尔右后旗古城正长岩体和河北尚义县八道沟富碱侵入岩体的高精度测年研究,获得其SHRIMP锆石U- Pb年龄分别为413. 2±3. 3~415. 0±5. 9 Ma和366. 8±5. 2~372. 3±4. 7 Ma,表明其均为古生代泥盆纪富碱侵入岩浆活动的产物。结合前人关于阴山—燕山北麓其它富碱侵入岩体（内蒙古固阳东高家村碱性正长岩体、黄合少碱性正长岩和冀北水泉沟碱性杂岩体 ）的研究成果,推断在华北克拉通北缘阴山—燕山北麓一带,可能存在一条东西方向展布的晚古生代泥盆纪富碱侵入岩带。根据该岩带岩石地球化学特征,以及Ta/Yb—Th/Yb与Zr/Nb—Zr/Nb—Y/Nb判别图推测其岩浆物质来源可能与富集地幔有关,按照成岩温压环境指示,其形成深度位置约为下地壳,岩浆上升侵位过程中明显受到地壳物质的混染。依据前人关于碱性岩特征的研究,结合本文研究岩体的岩石化学特征和及Rb—Nb+Y构造判别图解指示,推测岩体形成于张性构造环境,可能与古生代志留纪末兴蒙造山带南部发育的白乃庙岛弧带和华北克拉通发生弧—陆碰撞后的伸展背景相关。 相似文献
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后石湖山杂岩体是与垮塌破火山口有关的碱性环状杂岩体, 主要由呈环形分布的碱性火山岩、环状岩墙(斑状石英正长岩)、嵌套的中心复式岩株(晶洞碱长花岗岩和斑状碱长花岗岩)和锥状岩席(石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩)组成.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明, 斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙、石英正长斑岩和花岗斑岩锥状岩席的侵位年龄分别为119±3Ma、121±2Ma和121±2Ma.该环状杂岩体火山岩与侵入岩的形成年龄相近, 体现了它作为火山-侵入杂岩体的特征.斑状石英正长岩富碱(Na2O+K2O=10.0%~10.5%), K2O含量较高(5.21%~5.42%), 具正的Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=1.05~1.40).碱长花岗岩和斑岩均具有富碱、高FeOtot/MgO、Ga/Al、Zr、Nb和REE值(Eu除外), 以及低Al2O3、CaO、MgO、Ba、Sr和Eu含量的特征, 都属于A型花岗岩质岩石.其中斑岩为铝质A型花岗岩, 具有高的初始岩浆温度(880~901℃).所有A型花岗质岩石均具有较富集的Nd同位素组成, εNd(t)值变化于-13.9~-12.2之间.斑状石英正长岩是下地壳中-基性麻粒岩和片麻岩部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 后又发生单斜辉石分离结晶的产物; 碱长花岗岩源于上地壳长英质岩石部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源玄武质岩浆混合, 随后经历长石的分离结晶作用而成; 斑岩是受幔源岩浆底侵加热的上地壳长英质岩石的部分熔融产生的熔体, 并经历了长石的分离结晶作用而产生.该环状杂岩体的形成过程可以概括为: (1)火山爆炸性喷发形成大量的碱性火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩; (2)地下岩浆房空虚导致压力下降, 其顶板围岩失稳而沿火山口周围近直立的环状断裂垮塌, 形成塌陷的破火山口.与此同时, 下覆岩浆房的岩浆被动挤入环状断裂而形成斑状石英正长岩环状岩墙; (3)浅部地壳的长英质岩浆房过压, 促使其高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆上升侵位形成了中心的斑状碱长花岗岩岩株, 这些岩浆的上涌导致上覆围岩产生倾角中-陡的、内倾的锥状裂隙, 为石英正长斑岩锥状岩席侵位提供了空间; (4)浅部岩浆房复活, 高温过碱质A型花岗质岩浆再度上升侵位形成被嵌套的晶洞碱长花岗岩岩株.同样, 这种岩浆的再度上侵导致上覆围岩产生了倾角较陡而内倾的锥状裂隙, 为花岗斑岩锥状岩席提供了侵位空间.后石湖山碱性环状杂岩体的形成是华北东部早白垩世与克拉通破坏相关的伸展构造体制下的产物, 这种构造体制可能与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献