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1.
2003年淮河上游区域暴雨的水汽特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用合成平均天气图资料和T2 1 3数值预报产品物理量中的水汽因子 ,对 2 0 0 3年 6～ 7月出现在淮河上游的 5次暴雨过程的水汽条件进行了分析 ,结果表明 :水汽分别来自孟加拉湾和南海 ;暴雨产生前后 ,85 0～ 5 0 0hPa三层中均以 85 0hPa水汽含量最大 ,且辐合亦最明显 ;当 85 0hPa和 70 0hPa天气图上分别在桂林到长沙和昆明到贵阳有 >2 0 0× 1 0 -4kg·s-1 ·m-1 ·hPa-1 和 >1 0 0× 1 0 -4kg·s-1 ·m-1 ·hPa-1 的水汽通量大值中心 ,且上游风速又大于下游时 ,可考虑未来 2 4h淮河暴雨的产生 ;当T2 1 3数值产品中淮河上游区域的相对湿度、比湿和水汽通量的预报值大于诊断量的临界值的绝对值时 ,亦可作为暴雨预报的参考依据 相似文献
2.
1998年 11月～ 1999年 10月间在中国科学院红壤站 (江西鹰潭 )农田小气候站进行了大气二氧化硫 (SO2 )、硫酸盐粒子 (SO2 -4)浓度采样和雨水样本收集 ,利用阻力模式和全年逐时气象资料计算 SO2 和 SO2 -4的干沉降速度 ,估算干沉降通量 ,利用降水资料和雨水中硫酸根离子浓度估计大气硫的湿沉降 ,从而定量研究大气硫沉降输入农田生态系统的通量 ,结果表明 :农田下垫面上 SO2 和 SO2 -4干沉降速度的年平均值分别是 0 .373± 0 .170 cm· s-1(月均值 0 .16 1～ 0 .5 45 cm·s-1)、0 .198± 0 .12 3cm· s-1(月均值 0 .15 2～ 0 .2 6 9cm· s-1)。农田下垫面硫年总沉降量为 10 .3g· m-2 ,其中干沉降占总沉降的 83.3%。硫的干沉降又以 SO2 的干沉降为主 ,占年干沉降总量的 92 .2 %。大气硫沉降输入占农田生态系统输入总量的 90 %以上 ,是农田生态系统获取硫素的一个重要途径 相似文献
3.
用二维非静力完全弹性的中－γ尺度数值模式模拟了移动性热岛的大气边界层特征。试验中，热岛移速取为４ｍ·ｓ＾－１，热岛强度取△θｇ＝６０Ｋ和３０Ｋ两种。△θｇ＝６０Ｋ时，在热岛后方出现了强烈的垂直运动并形成了水平尺度为３－５ｋｍ的局地环流，最大上升速度１００ｃｍ·ｓ＾－１，出现在低层３００－４００ｍ高度；△θｇ＝３０Ｋ时，移动热岛的边界效应比前大为减弱，且不再出现闭合的局地环流。 相似文献
4.
利用费歇准则的二级判别分析方法制作河池地区5～7月份24小时大雨以上降水的PPM方程。1资料来源读取T63格点资料1995年5～7月逐日的24小时效值，即地面气压场、850、500hPa高度场、湿度场和风场资料。选取关键区域：20～40°N、90～120°E共99个格点。格距为2．5×2．5。降雨资料取河池地区10个站的1995年5～7月逐日降水实况资料。2因子的选择与处理首先在关键区域内，计算与河池地区产生大雨以上降水天气有密切关系的预报因子的单相关系数已通过显著水平a=0．01检验，将R＞R（0．01）为初选因子，最后对10个初选因子进行筛选，最后选取… 相似文献
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应用2009—2013年6—9月山东全省加密自动站资料、地面和探空观测资料,选出了98次区域性强降水过程。统计分析了产生强降水的天气系统特征,把500 hPa天气系统分为6种类型,850～700 hPa天气系统分为5种类型,地面影响系统分为7种类型。统计分析了强降水过程中及前期24个代表大气热力、水汽和动力特征的物理量,给出了最小值、最大值、平均值和各阈值所占百分率。850 hPa 和700 hPa偏南风达到急流（≥12 m·s-1）强度的分别占56.1%和62.2%。对流有效位能（CAPE）≥300 J·kg-1占72.6%。K指数≥30 ℃占86.7%。沙氏指数SI≤0占75.5%。925 hPaθse≥68 ℃占82.2%,850 hPa θse≥66 ℃占74.8%。GPS/MET水汽监测大气可降水量≥55 mm占81.8%。850 hPa和700 hPa的水汽通量平均值分别为8.0和5.9 g·(cm·hPa·s)-1,水汽通量散度平均值分别为-4.6×10-9和-2.7×10-9 g·(hPa·cm2·s)-1。925 hPa、850 hPa和700 hPa的涡度平均值分别为12.6×10-6、12.3×10-6和9×10-6 s-1,散度平均值分别为-5.5×10-6、-3.1×10-6、-3.4×10-6 s-1。850 hPa、700 hPa和500 hPa的垂直速度平均值分别为-4.5×10-4、-7.4×10-4和-11.1×10-4 hPa·s-1。 相似文献
6.
根据提出的方法,主要计算分析海口站１９９７年０８时及２０时的Ｃｐ、Ｋ、△θｓｃ的稳定度,得出了１９９７年海口３－１０月份降水中的ＣＰ、Ｋ、△θｓｃｃ配置的拟合率;ＣＰ对台风的移动路径亦的指示性作用。ＣＰ的大小对副高的稳定也有一定的影响。 相似文献
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利用常规的探空资料对华南区域进行诊断分析，并利用每天两次的较为完整的探空资料计算了百色等地的浮力能量，结果表明，浮力能量的演变与“95·4”百色大范围冰雹、大风过程有密切的联系。1强对流单体的活动随着锋面和高空糟的逼近，百色一带在有利的热力环流场和动力强迫下，激发出异常活跃的对流单体，并迅速发展成超级单体，随引导气流向东南移，所经之处造成了冰雹、大风天气。2温湿场与稳定度演变强对流出现前．低层的温湿场（θse）有一个明显增大过程，12小时增量达10°K，并存在强烈的不稳定层，△θse（500-地面）为14°K。3稳… 相似文献
8.
根据［１］［２］提出的方法,主要计算分析海口站１９９７年０８时及２０时的Ｃ＊ｐ、Ｋ、△θｓｅ的稳定度,得出１９９７年海口３～１０月份降水中的Ｃ＊ｐ、Ｋ、△θｓｅ配置的拟合率;Ｃ＊ｐ对台风的移动路径亦有指示性作用。Ｃ＊ｐ的大小对副高的稳定也有一定的影响 相似文献
9.
利用自动观测系统资料及物理量场,分析了厦门高崎机场2002年12月19日冰雹天气过程.发现冰雹发生前气温呈先升后降的特征,海平面气压显现出陡降陡升的"漏斗状";降雹时气温骤降、相对湿度剧增、风向突变、风速迅速减小.气压的变化验证了在强雷暴中,上升气流下方中低压的存在.单站物理量要素表现为整层大气为上干下湿的对流性不稳定,19日08时和20时厦门站850hPa与200 hPa之间风的垂直切变值分别为4.9×10-3·s-1和5.7×10-3·s-1,0℃层高度(H0)在3.8～4.1km,-20℃层高度(H-20)在6.8～7.2km,满足了冰雹产生的三个必要条件. 相似文献
10.
2003年淮河上游区域暴雨的水汽特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用合成平均天气图资料和T213数值预报产品物理量中的水汽因子,对2003年6～7月出现在淮河上游的5次暴雨过程的水汽条件进行了分析,结果表明水汽分别来自孟加拉湾和南海;暴雨产生前后,850～500 hPa三层中均以850 hPa水汽含量最大,且辐合亦最明显;当850 hPa和700 hPa天气图上分别在桂林到长沙和昆明到贵阳有＞200×10-4kg·s-1·m-1·hPa-1和＞100×10-4kg·s-1·m-1·hPa-1的水汽通量大值中心,且上游风速又大于下游时,可考虑未来24 h淮河暴雨的产生;当T213数值产品中淮河上游区域的相对湿度、比湿和水汽通量的预报值大于诊断量的临界值的绝对值时,亦可作为暴雨预报的参考依据. 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献