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1.
近50年青藏高原东部降水的时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用1967～2012年青藏高原东部60个站点的降水资料,分析了该地区降水的时空演变特征,结果表明：高原东部降水呈由东南向西北递减的态势,高值区位于西藏东部和川西高原,低值区位于柴达木盆地;降水场可以划分为八个小区,分别是西藏东部和川西高原西部区、藏南谷地区、青南高原区、柴达木盆地区、藏北高原区、川西高原北部区、青藏高原东南缘区以及青海东北部区.年降水表现出强增加趋势,20世纪60年代后期到90年代后期相对偏少,20世纪末以来相对偏多;除川西高原北部区外,其余各区不同程度的表现出增加趋势.春季降水表现出“偏少～偏多”的年代际变化特征,在1995年附近发生由少到多的突变,20世纪60年代后期到90年代中期相对偏少,90年代后期以来相对偏多;八个分区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势.夏季降水呈增加趋势,20世纪60年代后期到90年代后期相对偏少,20世纪末以来相对偏多;八个分区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势.秋季降水的线性趋势趋近于零且没有表现出年代际变化特征;除川西高原北部区呈减少趋势外,各区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势.冬季降水表现出“偏少～偏多～偏少”的年代际变化特征,分别在1986和1996年附近发生由少到多和由多到少的突变,20世纪60年代后期到80年代中期相对偏少,80年代后期到90年代中期相对偏多,90年代后期以来相对偏少;除西藏东部和川西高原西部区及青海东北部区外,各区均不同程度的表现出“偏少～偏多～偏少”的年代际变化特征. 相似文献
2.
近50年青藏高原东部降水的时空变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用1967~2012年青藏高原东部60个站点的降水资料,分析了该地区降水的时空演变特征,结果表明:高原东部降水呈由东南向西北递减的态势,高值区位于西藏东部和川西高原,低值区位于柴达木盆地;降水场可以划分为八个小区,分别是西藏东部和川西高原西部区、藏南谷地区、青南高原区、柴达木盆地区、藏北高原区、川西高原北部区、青藏高原东南缘区以及青海东北部区。年降水表现出强增加趋势,20世纪60年代后期到90年代后期相对偏少,20世纪末以来相对偏多;除川西高原北部区外,其余各区不同程度的表现出增加趋势。春季降水表现出“偏少~偏多”的年代际变化特征,在1995年附近发生由少到多的突变,20世纪60年代后期到90年代中期相对偏少,90年代后期以来相对偏多;八个分区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势。夏季降水呈增加趋势,20世纪60年代后期到90年代后期相对偏少,20世纪末以来相对偏多;八个分区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势。秋季降水的线性趋势趋近于零且没有表现出年代际变化特征;除川西高原北部区呈减少趋势外,各区均不同程度的表现出增加趋势。冬季降水表现出“偏少~偏多~偏少”的年代际变化特征,分别在1986和1996年附近发生由少到多和由多到少的突变,20世纪60年代后期到80年代中期相对偏少,80年代后期到90年代中期相对偏多,90年代后期以来相对偏少;除西藏东部和川西高原西部区及青海东北部区外,各区均不同程度的表现出“偏少~偏多~偏少”的年代际变化特征。 相似文献
3.
沈阳地区农作物生长季热量资源变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1958-2009年沈阳地区7个气象站逐日平均气温资料,采用常规统计方法分析了农作物生长季界限温度的热量资源变化趋势。以此为当地在气候变暖的环境下,调整农业种植结构,探讨因升温所带来的利弊关系,促进农业经济稳步发展。结果表明：沈阳地区农作物生长季各界限温度普遍存在始日提前、终日椎后,持续时间延长,积温明显增多的变化趋势。〉10℃持续日数趋势延长11d,活动积温趋势增加340℃·d;≥5℃持续日数趋势延长13d,积温趋势增加359℃·d;≥10℃持续日数趋势延长12d,积温趋势增加305℃·d;≥20℃持续日数趋势延长8d,积温趋势增加326℃·d。初（终）日的地域分布特点为城市早（晚）于乡村、南部早（晚）于北部;不同界限温度下的积温变化特征为城市多于乡村、南部多于北部。 相似文献
4.
利用1958-2009年沈阳地区7个气象站逐日平均气温资料,采用常规统计方法分析了农作物生长季界限温度的热量资源变化趋势。以此为地方在气候变暖的环境下,调解农业种植结构,掌握因升温所带来的利弊关系,促进农业经济稳步发展。结果表明：沈阳地区农作物生长季各界限温度普遍存在始日提前、终日推后,持续时间延长,积温明显增多的变化趋势。≥0℃持续日数趋势延长11 d,活动积温趋势增加340 ℃?d;≥5℃持续日数趋势延长13 d,积温趋势增加359℃?d;≥10℃持续日数趋势延长12 d,积温趋势增加305 ℃?d;≥20 ℃持续日数趋势延长8 d,积温趋势增加326 ℃?d。初（终）日的地域分布特点为城市早（晚）于乡村、南部早（晚）于北部;不同界限温度下的积温变化特征为城市多于乡村、南部多于北部。 相似文献
5.
《青海气象》2010,(4)
利用青海省刚察县1961-2008年逐日气温资料,运用数理统计等方法,分析了该地区采暖期气象条件变化及节能潜力。结果表明,近47年来,刚察县采暖期平均气温上升,负积温减少,采暖初日推迟、终日提前,采暖长度明显缩短;采暖度日与采暖期平均气温关系密切,采暖度日呈极显著下降趋势,特别是1994年气温突变后,下降趋势更加明显,冬季寒冷程度有所减弱,能耗需求量减小;该县采暖能源需求异常偏多主要分布在20世纪60年代,偏多年份以70-80年代为主,偏少年份出现在20世纪80年代中期以后,主要集中在2000年以后;气候变暖使采暖节能率为7%,这对节约能源、减少大气污染和温室气体排放较为有利。 相似文献
6.
青河1957—2008年积温变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对青河1957—2008年积温变化特征进行分析,结果表明:农耕期0℃正积温以94.0℃/10a的速度在增加,并在20世纪90年代中期开始发生了增加突变。夏日的增加是造成农耕期0℃正积温增加的最主要原因。冬季0℃负积温以105.4℃/10a的速度在减少,并在20世纪80年代后期开始发生了减少突变。寒冷日的减少是造成冬季0℃负积温减少的最主要原因。寒冷日里极度严寒日的减少最为明显,对冬季0℃负积温减少贡献最大。 相似文献
7.
六枝近45a暴雨天气的气候特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用六枝1961--2005年近45a逐日降水资料,采用线性倾向估计等统计方法,对六枝暴雨天气的分布情况及其影响系统等进行了分析,结果表明：六枝近45a来暴雨日数呈上升趋势,其线性增长率为0．15d/10a。20世纪70—80年代初、21世纪以来为暴雨日数偏少时期,20世纪60年代、80年代中期—90年代末为暴雨日数偏多的时期,暴雨量月际变化与暴雨日数基本一致,主要集中在5—9月。六枝近45a来暴雨量在20世纪80年代以前偏少,80—90年代末暴雨降水量相对偏多,进入21世纪以来暴雨降水量偏少。六枝主要暴雨形势有副高边缘型、南支槽、冷锋低槽型。 相似文献
8.
利用1971—2000年西藏那曲地区平均气温、≥5 ℃界限温度、降水量以及月平均最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、风速、日照时数等资料, 运用Penman-Monteith模型计算得出最大可能蒸散, 进而得到地表湿润系数, 分析了近30年藏北牧草青草期的气候变化趋势。结果发现:各牧区青草期间表现为平均气温升高、降水增多、持续天数延长、积温增高的趋势; 20世纪70年代各牧区青草期开始得晚、结束得早、持续天数短; 90年代相反, 青草期开始得早、结束得晚、持续天数长; 那曲地区西部青草期间的平均气温从未出现过异常年, 中东部牧区1976年异常偏冷; 各牧区降水量的异常年份主要出现在20世纪70年代; 70年代中期藏北大部分牧区青草期积温异常偏低, 90年代末出现了异常偏高年份。研究结果还表明:气温升高, 地表湿润系数增大, 暖湿化的气候变化趋势, 有利于生态环境的改善。 相似文献
9.
利用1961-2019年延边州8个气象站的观测数据,采用线性倾向估计、突变分析等方法,研究了延边州农业气候资源的时间变化特征.结果表明:1961-2019年延边州作物生长季(5-9月)平均气温呈显著上升趋势(P<0.01),气候倾向率为0.21℃/10a;平均气温在1997年发生了突变,突变后平均气温较突变前上升了0.8℃;活动积温呈显著上升趋势(P<0.01),气候倾向率为32.5(℃·d)/10a;平均气温和活动积温均在20世纪70年代最低;日照时数呈逐年下降趋势,气候倾向率为-6.7h/10a,在20世纪60年代最高,80年代最低;降水量呈上升趋势变化,气候倾向率为0.68 mm/10a;ET0呈下降趋势变化,气候倾向率为-1.51mm/10a;20世纪90年代降水量最高,ET0最低. 相似文献
10.
气候变暖对刚察县采暖气象指标的影响及节能潜力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用青海省刚察县1961—2008年逐日气温资料,运用数理统计等方法,分析了该地区采暖期气象条件变化及节能潜力。结果表明,1961—2008年间,刚察县采暖期平均气温上升,负积温减少,采暖初日推迟、终日提前,采暖长度明显缩短;采暖度日与采暖期平均气温关系密切,采暖度日呈极显著下降趋势,特别是1994年气温突变后,下降趋势更加明显,冬季寒冷程度有所减弱,能耗需求量减小;该县采暖能源需求异常偏多主要分布在20世纪60年代,偏多年份以70—80年代为主,偏少年份出现在80年代中期以后,主要集中在2000年以后。气候变暖所致采暖节能率为7%,这对节约能源、减少大气污染和温室气体排放较为有利。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献