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如何协调海洋经济发展与海洋权益保护一直是日本海洋治理的重要课题。明治时期,日本政府主导发展海洋经济并取得显著成绩,但帝国时期的海外扩张最终使日本海洋经济遭受致命性打击。“二战”战败以后,政府间接指导的模式助力日本海洋经济复兴,但海洋治理主体的多元化成为阻碍日本综合性海上执法体制建设与海洋环境保护的重要因素,也未能给日本海洋经济发展提供良好的外部环境。目前,日本政府正出台一系列发展海洋经济的改革措施,未来日本海洋治理的重心将转向发展海洋经济,寻求岛国的生存发展之路。 相似文献
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海洋经济等于全球经济,但是各国对海洋经济的理解有所不同。文章论述了主要沿海国家中国、美国、加拿大、日本、澳大利亚、新西兰海洋经济的内涵和外延,比较了各国海洋经济概念的共性和差异性,提出关于全球海洋经济理论研究的4点建议。 相似文献
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日本是个岛国,其经济和社会生活高度依赖海洋,所以日本历届政府都特别重视海洋的开发,逐年增加海洋开发经费,不断加强海洋开发及其科学技术研究。 一、海洋生物资源的开发及其技术 从1990年以来,日本在海洋渔业的捕捞方面,更加广泛地应用计算机、卫星遥感、声探测、发光拖网等高新技术,使渔获量大增。日本还成 相似文献
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日本是个四面环海的国家。近年来,随着海洋科学技术的发展,日本的海洋开发活动向着综合立体开发利用推进,相继建立了一批新兴的海洋产业,并取得举世瞩目的成就。海上人工岛、海上机场、海底隧道等海洋空间利用工程为日本社会经济的大腾飞发挥着巨大的作用。 1 海洋生物资源开发 在日本人的食物供给中,海洋生物资源提 相似文献
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众所周知,海洋约占地球表面积的71％,它通过海气能量交换,即海气相互作用左右着气象。而日本是一个四面环海的海洋岛国,因此,海洋气象、海洋状况更是和日本经济息息相关。为此,如何迅速收集、及时分析处理高速传送海洋状况资料数据乃是进行日常天气、反常气候,长、短期气候变动及海底地震海啸、波浪预报、预测、警报所必不可少的,也是保 相似文献
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今年1月份,我作为山东省海洋经济学术代表团的成员之一,对日本国的海洋开发和海洋环境保护的经验和现状进行了专题考察。回国以后又对有关资料进行了系统研究。现把我们访问过程中所了解到的日本国海洋开发和海洋环境保护的基本经验和情况粗略加以介绍。 1 日本进行海洋开发的经验日本国由于是一个海岛国家,国土狭小,但海洋空间广阔,资源丰富,因此,我们在考察过程中,深深感到日本政府及国民重视海洋各方面资源的开发利用。 1.1 重视海洋水产资源的开发利用和资源增殖工作 相似文献
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“海上有仙山,在于虚无漂渺问”。日本1994年正式提出的海洋走廊计划可能将这一“海市蜃楼”景观留驻人世间。按计划者设想,海洋走廊将建在日本第二大都市区的大阪湾关西地区。大阪湾地区现有常住人口2000万以上,流动人口超过1000万,是日本未来经济中心之一,然而,人口密度大、住房和交通拥挤、环境污染严重等问题制约了该地区经济的进一步发展。为了扩展本地区经济增长和都市化所需的 相似文献
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《Marine Chemistry》2002,79(1):27-36
Preformed Cd and PO4 were investigated in the northwestern Pacific (Station CM05) and the Okhotsk Sea (Station CM06), and the relationship between the two elements was examined. At CM05, from the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)–Cd and PO4 plot, the different molecular ratios of consumed O2 to regenerated Cd and PO4 were calculated to be 254,000 (Cd) and 96 (PO4) for the shallow layer (30–99 m) and 613,000 (Cd) and 170 (PO4) for the deep layer (below the oxygen minimum layer), which suggested the preferential remineralization of Cd and PO4 in the shallow layer. At CM06, regeneration ratios of O2/Cd, PO4 were obtained only in the shallow layer (29–124 m) as 227,000 (Cd) and 75 (PO4). The calculated preformed Cd and PO4 concentrations in the shallow layer were 0.59 nM of Cd and 1.6 μM of PO4 at CM05 and 0.35 nM of Cd and 0.95 μM of PO4 at CM06. These concentrations were much higher than those (close to 0) in the low-latitude area, which was attributable to the supply of these constituents from deep water by the strong winter convection. In the deep layer, at CM05, preformed concentrations were 0.64 nM of Cd and 1.4 μM of PO4. Preformed PO4 generally agreed with previously reported values in the Pacific, which suggested that the concentrations of the initial PO4 in the deep water were preserved as preformed through the movement to the northwestern Pacific. On the other hand, obtained preformed Cd in the northwestern Pacific deep water showed a somewhat higher value than that in the southwest Pacific. The possibility of the terrestrial input and remineralization of Cd by CaCO3 dissolution during the northward movement was considered. A plot of Cd and PO4 showed a linear relationship with slopes of 0.34 and 0.40 (nM/μM) at CM05 and CM06, respectively, which generally agreed with the reported values in the North Pacific. 相似文献
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海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境问题及对策研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在分析海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境优势的基础上，指出当前存在的5个主要问题，即海洋资源的综合开发利用缺乏统一的规划、海洋防护林和生物资源破坏严重、水质富营养化、海域污染等，并对存在问题提出今后的对策。 相似文献
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渤海、黄海、东海冬季海流场温度场数值模拟和同化技术 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用NASA高分辨率的卫星遥感资料SST,采用Nudging同化来模拟渤海、黄海、东海的三维温度场,减小用热通量作上边界条件所带来的误差.结果表明,模拟的海流场能较好地反映渤海、黄海、东海的环流特征.数据同化后的温度场优于未经同化的温度场.3个选择站点的同化值与实测值的均方根误差分别为1.307,0.526,0.744,用热通量资料模拟的水温与实测值的均方根误差分别为2.160,0.979,1.330.尽管只同化了海表温度,但数据同化对三维温度场结构都有影响. 相似文献
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2004年，是我国海洋工作面临历史性机遇和挑战的一年。中国海监总队在国家海洋局的领导和关怀下，在局各有关部门和各分局、各沿海省(自治区、直辖市)海洋厅(局)的大力支持下，坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，认真贯彻党的十六大和十六届三中、四中全会精神，全面落实局党组2004年的重点工作，以执法能力建设为重点，以海盾系列专项执法、执法示范工作为主线，上下团结一致，与时俱进，开拓进取，认真履行职能，全力推进全国海监队伍建设和海洋执法监察工作。 相似文献
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Aleksandras Rybakovas Janina Bar&#x;ien&#x; Thomas Lang 《Marine environmental research》2009,68(5):246-256
Micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB) and fragmented-apoptotic cells (FA) were analyzed in mature peripheral blood and immature cephalic kidney erythrocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus), dab (Limanda limanda) and cod (Gadus morhua) from 12 offshore sites in the Baltic Sea (479 specimens) and 11 sites in the North Sea (291 specimens), which were collected during three research vessel cruises in December 2002, 2003 and in September 2004. The highest levels of environmental genotoxicity (frequencies of MN up to 0.5‰, NB – up to 0.75‰) and cytotoxicity (FA – up to 0.53‰) were observed in flatfishes from areas close to oil and gas platforms in the North Sea and in zones related to the extensive shipping and potentially influenced by contamination from large European Rivers (Elbe, Vistula, Oder). In dab from the offshore zones of the North Sea, the levels of nuclear abnormalities were higher as compared to those in dab from the Baltic Sea. Responses in immature kidney erythrocytes were higher than in mature erythrocytes from peripheral blood. MN frequency lower than 0.05‰ (the Baltic Sea) and lower than 0.1‰ (the North Sea) could be suspected as a reference level in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of flatfish. 相似文献
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Robert Hage 《Marine Policy》1984,8(1):2-15
This is a historical review of Canadian policy at the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. Canadian objectives with regard to the territorial sea, fisheries, pollution prevention and the continental shelf are outlined and the role played by the Canadian delegation at UNCLOS is described. The article then examines the impact of the Convention on Canada, particular attention being paid to the Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone and the Canadian role in the controversy over seabed mining. The author concludes by arguing that Canada was a major beneficiary of the Convention, but that US opposition has placed the future of the Convention in jeopardy. 相似文献
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The purpose of our work was to obtain the most possible detailed information about the composition, concentration, and structural
features of the magnetic minerals contained in the rock to reveal the differences in the magnetic properties of the peridotites
under various circumstances of the mantle magmatism and different conditions of metamorphism. To do this, we examined and
analyzed the magnetic and petrographic characteristics of four collections of oceanic and alpinotype spinel peridotites. The
main object for comparing the magnetic characteristics was the Gorringe ridge, which lies in the eastern part of the Atlantic
Ocean. The peridotite samples from the Gorringe ridge differ from the other collections in many magnetic parameters: I
n
, χ, Q, I
rs
/I
s
, H
c
, H
cr
, and H
m
. The principal question of our work was to clarify the nature of the Earth’s crust where the Gorringe ridge formed. This
subject was studied many times in the literature, but the researchers did not reach a common opinion. In accordance with our
data, the spinel peridotites from the Gorringe ridge represent a subcontinental lithosphere mantle of the Iberian continental
margin. During the metamorphism, the formation of magnetite occurred in the peridotites of the Gorringe ridge in several stages
and had a regressive character. Our investigations explain the results of the analysis of the anomalous magnetic field over
the Gorringe ridge, which is characterized by sharp roughness and high intensity of the local signchanging anomalies. 相似文献
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金塘大桥跨越灰鳖洋,连接金塘岛沥港镇与宁波镇海新泓口,全长18.5 km,为舟山连岛工程的主体.该大桥工程所在海域潮汐为非正规浅海半日潮,历年最大潮差为3.67 m,多年平均潮差为1.91 m;潮流呈往复流特征,且基本平行于峡道走向.金塘大桥水域东侧微冲,西侧微淤,深泓摆幅较小,深槽稳定.在海床演变分析的基础上,运用数学模型进行了桥轴线的优化,由实体定床与动床模型探讨了建桥对水动力的影响.数学模型选用2002年3月和11月实测水文测验资料对模型进行率定和验证.物理模型选取中值粒径为0.2 mm的塑料沙作为动床试验的模型沙,选用2002年11月实测水文测验资料对定床模型进行验证,选用2002年11月和2003年4月两次水下地形资料对动床模型进行河床冲淤验证,验证精度均满足相关规范要求.研究结果表明,以推荐的方案建桥对桥位近区的潮位、流速与潮量的影响均较小.建桥后,下游高潮位有所抬高,上游高潮位有所降低;上游低潮位有所抬高,下游低潮位略有降低.由于桥墩的阻水作用,使该桥所在海域海流流速整体上略有减小,减小量一般在5%以内;桥墩间因海流集中使流速有所增加.建桥使主航道航深有所增加,桥位近区与远区分别冲刷0.6～0.8 m和0.1～0.2 m;西航道桥轴线近区冲刷0.4～0.5 m,远区淤积0.1～0.2 m.建桥对甬江口、金塘锚地、七里屿锚地均无明显的不良影响,对北仑港区基本没有影响. 相似文献
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A. A. Sizov 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):349-355
A conclusion about two extreme regimes existing in the large-scale circulation in the North Atlantic has been drawn based on an analysis of the inter-annual variability of the analogue to the Rossby index, as well as that of the heat and dynamic characteristics in separate areas of the north subtropical circulation. The former is defined by a high level of circulation both in the atmosphere and in the subtropical water circulation. In the current century this regime was realized mainly in the years pertaining to the middle and end of a 22-year solar activity cycle (a 22-year cycle). The relatively low level of atmospheric circulation and the slackened water mass transport are typical of the second regime. It dominated mainly during the years relevant to the beginning and second half of a 22-year solar activity cycle.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献