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1.
本文对福建近海天然与养殖的双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)进行基本成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物元素以及沙蚕毒素进行测定.结果表明,不论是天然或是养殖的,双齿围沙蚕均富含粗蛋白质(60%,干基)和氨基酸(TAA∶54.27%~56.80%);必需氨基酸(EAA/TAA约37%,EAA/NEAA≥0.58)基本符合联合国粮农组织(FAO)、世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的理想蛋白模式;呈味氨基酸所占的比例(FAA/TAA约45%)也较高.其油脂含量为9.9%~12.5%,且脂肪酸中富含n-3 PUFAs.双齿围沙蚕体所含的必需矿物元素种类齐全,Fe、Zn、I、Se等含量丰富;而有毒元素(Pb、Hg、Cd、总As与无机砷)的含量却较其它海洋水产动物低.沙蚕毒素的分析结果表明,新鲜的双齿围沙蚕均含有沙蚕毒素(1.68~2.42 mg/kg),而经80℃以上烘干或煮熟后的NTX为未检出.因此,不论是天然的还是养殖的双齿围沙蚕均属于高蛋白质,且富含n-3 PUFAs和微量必需. 相似文献
2.
实验通过测定泥蚶(Arca granosa Linnus)血液和软体组织中Cd,Pl和Cu的含量,讨论泥蚶对这三种金属的富集能力和体内分布,结果表明,金属在血液和软体组织中的浓缩系数高低顺序为:Cd>Cu>Pb,且Cu和Pb的浓缩系数值接近,体内分布相似,有别于Cd;血液浓缩系数可反映出软体组织的富集能力,由海水铅致毒实验表明,血液Pb浓度受环境海水Pb浓度的支配并随时间变化;海水铅致毒浓度1-100μg/l,泥蚶血液和软体组织中Pb含量随海水Pb浓度的增加而升高,三者之间具指数相关. 相似文献
3.
Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的急性毒性和联合毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解重金属Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的毒害程度和泥蚶对重金属Cd2+和Cu2+的解毒能力,用毒理学实验方法研究了Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的急性毒性和联合毒性效应。结果表明:Cd2+、Cu2+对泥蚶的96 h半致死质量浓度分别为6.189、0.460 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.062、0.005 mg/L;相对毒性Cu2+Cd2+。在1︰1毒性单位的联合作用下,Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为1.984、0.147 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.020、0.001 mg/L。2种重金属离子的联合毒性大于任一重金属离子的毒性,联合毒性表现为协同作用。 相似文献
4.
根据2012年双岛湾海域环境调查资料,研究了海水和表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征以及生态风险。结果显示,双岛湾海域海水中的重金属Cu和Pb在湾中部和湾底的部分站位含量较高,Zn和Cr含量在湾底最高、湾外最低,Cd和Hg在湾底和湾外的含量均高于湾中部,As的分布比较均匀;除Zn和Pb外,其余重金属含量均高于周边其他海域。双岛湾海域沉积物中重金属含量较低,与区域背景值相近,其中重金属Hg和Cd在湾内沉积作用明显,而Cu、Pb和Cr在湾外沉积作用比较明显。相关性分析表明,有机碳含量对双岛湾沉积物中的重金属分布影响不大。生态风险评价结果表明,双岛湾海域海水未受到重金属的污染;表层沉积物中重金属存在中低度的生态风险,具有潜在的不利生物毒性效应,重金属毒性大小依次为Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr=Cd>Zn。 相似文献
5.
海口湾海水重金属的行为特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
本文对海口湾溶解态铜、铅、锌、镉进行了测定.铜的变化范围为:0.47～1.16μg/dm3,平均值为0.78μg/dm3;铅的变化范围为:0.94～2.36μg/dm3,平均值为1.36μg/dm3;锌的变化范围为:1.28～4.83μg/dm3,平均值为3.14μg/dm3;镉的变化范围为:0.005～0.072μg/dm3,平均值为0.030μg/dm3,Cu、Zn的溶解态含量在龙昆路生活污水排污沟口、秀英工业排污沟口及海甸溪口的测站相对较高,Pb、Cd溶解态含量较低,湾内各站平面分布较为均匀.它们的溶解态含量垂直变化趋势为:Cu、Pb、Zn底层大于表层,而Cd表层大于底层.对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的颗粒态含量也进行了测定,指出海口湾海水中的颗粒物对重金属的净化起一定作用.对铜的溶解态中的强络合态和不稳态铜也进行了研究,强络合态占总溶解态的比例均在85%以上,对生物起毒性作用有关的不稳态铜含量很低,均小于5nmol/dm3,表明目前海口湾海水中的重金属铜不会对生物生长产生影响. 相似文献
6.
《海洋通报(英文版)》2018,(2)
以卤虫无节幼体(36h)和成虫(16d)为例,在温度为15±3℃、盐度为30的条件下,通过单因子静态急性毒性试验方法,分别研究了Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和Zn~(2+)对卤虫的无节幼体和成虫的单一毒性效应;在此基础上,以卤虫卤虫无节幼体(36h)为例,在相同试验条件下,通过等毒性溶液法,研究了Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和Zn~(2+)对卤虫的联合毒性效应。试验结果表明:卤虫无节幼体对三种金属离子的耐受能力均高于成虫,Cu~(2+)﹑Mn~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的48h LC_(50)分别是4.0、27.19和115.95 mg/L,而成虫Cu~(2+)﹑Mn~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的48h LC_(50)仅为1.31、6.86和34.23 mg/L;且对两个时期的卤虫,三种金属离子毒性由强至弱均为Cu~(2+) Mn~(2+)Zn~(2+);三种重金属对卤虫无节幼体和成虫的安全浓度(SC)分别是0.4、2.72、11.6、0.13、0.69和3.42 mg/L。联合毒性试验结果表明Cu-Mn、Cu-Zn和Mn-Zn均对卤虫无节幼体表现为拮抗作用。 相似文献
7.
8.
应用卤虫检测了胜利油田的6种水基钻井液(WBF1~WBF6)和1种油基钻井液OBF的毒性,并研究了孵化卤虫的适宜条件,简化了用卤虫无节幼体进行钻井液毒性试验的条件。结果表明:在80 mL过滤灭菌海水中放入80~100个卤虫卵时,无需通空气孵化率达到85%以上;毒性实验中,钻井液浓度在50~2×104mg.L-1范围,每80 mL灭菌海水放入10个卤虫卵,无需通空气即可满足空白组卤虫的死亡率小于10%;以96 h LC50的95%置信上限是否大于毒性容许值判定受检物的生物毒性,WBF1无毒,其余有毒,7种钻井液的毒性顺序为WBF2≈WBF3≈WBF6≈WBF5≈WBF4OBFWBF1;以NOEC值的判定结果与上面的顺序总体一致。 相似文献
9.
秦皇岛海域“褐潮”海水对卤虫、轮虫存活和摄食的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为评价秦皇岛褐潮现场海水的毒性,作者利用HPLC技术及CHEMTAX,分析了2013年7月2日采自秦皇岛褐潮高峰期微型及微微型浮游植物的色素组成及群落结构;测定了卤虫(Artemia salina)、轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)存活率和摄食量。研究表明,褐潮海水微型及微微型浮游植物中,海金藻(Pelagophyceae)占主要优势,其生物量占总生物量的72.6%。褐潮海水抑制卤虫存活,卤虫48 h存活率降至77%;对轮虫24 h存活没有显著效应。此外,褐潮海水抑制卤虫、轮虫的摄食,卤虫、轮虫8 h内摄食量分别由(5.5±0.4)ng/个降至(2.4±0.4)ng/个、由(1.5±0.2)ng/个下降至(0.9±0.1)ng/个。该结果与美国的3株褐潮藻的毒性进行了比较。CCMP 1507对卤虫存活有显著抑制作用,其他两株没有显著效应;3株褐潮藻对轮虫24 h存活都没有显著影响。暴露于3株褐潮藻中,卤虫的摄食量均显著较低;其中CCMP 1507在混合饵料中还抑制卤虫、轮虫对其他藻的摄食。对CCMP 1507各组分分析发现,该藻的毒性主要来源于藻细胞。结合现场试验与室内试验结果分析表明,秦皇岛褐潮对卤虫、轮虫有一定的毒性,其毒性与CCMP 1507的毒性相当。 相似文献
10.
据文献报道，海水中若干微量金属离子的浓度，远低于饱和含量。并认为，对于Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd等许多元素来说，吸附可能是个控制浓度的因素。硫化物沉淀也可能出现，但可能不是浓度的控制因素。
本文用可靠的极谱法，对海水中Zn++、Pb++，Cu++、Cd++的饱和含量进行了研究，并与作者的单池示差反向极谱法现场海水测定数据作比较；进行了Zn++、Cu++的吸附试验；探讨了海水中微量金属离子与环境间可能存在的平衡过程。从而，探明了海水中微量金属元素的离子浓度(包括不稳定络合物)及其控制因素。 相似文献
11.
The acute toxicity of a used seawater chrome lignosulphonate drilling mud to several species of marine annelids, crustaceans and molluscs was evaluated. The medium density mud (13·4 lb/gal, 1·57 kg/litre) was composed primarily of seawater, bentonite clay, chrome lignosulphonate, lignite, sodium hydroxide and barium sulphate. The toxicity of four mud/seawater preparations was determined. These were the layered solids phase (LSP), the suspended solids phase (SSP), the unfiltered mud aqueous fraction (MAF) and the filtered mud aqueous fraction (FMAF). Four species each of marine annelids and bivalve molluscs and five species of marine crustaceans were evaluated. The median lethal concentration of the MAF (96-h LC50) varied from 32 to > 100% MAF for the different species. The FMAF was slightly less toxic than the MAF. Adult polychaetes, Neanthes arenaceodentata and Ctenodrilus serratus, one-day old juveniles of opossum shrimp, Mysidopsis almyra, and four day zoeae of grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, were the most sensitive to the MAF. Juvenile N. arenaceodentata, adult polychaetes, Ophryotrocha labronica, and three bivalve molluscs were highly tolerant to the MAF. The SSP preparation at concentrations of 10-20 ml/litre was toxic to post-larvae and juveniles of the commercial shrimp, Penaeus duorarum and P. aztecus, respectively. Exposure to the LSP preparation caused greater than 50% mortality amongst adult N. arenaceodentata, juvenile and adult coquina clams, Donax variabilis texasiana and adult scallops, Aequipecten amplicostatus. Other species tested were quite tolerant. A sublethal response observed was the inhibition of reproduction in the marine annelids, Dinophilus sp. and Ctenodrilus serratus. Toxicity of the mud aqueous fractions appeared to be due primarily to volatile soluble organic materials in the extract, whilst that of the SSP and LSP preparations appeared to be due to the smothering action of fine particulates in the mud. Based on the results of this investigation and published observations of solids concentrations in the water column during drilling mud discharge, it is concluded that discharge of a used chrome lignosulphonate drilling mud, such as that used in the present investigation, from offshore platforms is not likely to cause measureable damage to benthic, demersal or pelagic marine animals. 相似文献
12.
采用实验生态学方法,研究了Cd~(2+)-Cu~(2+)单一及复合胁迫3d、6d、9d对双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)消化酶活性和抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明,沙蚕的各项不同指标对Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)胁迫的响应表现出不同的变化趋势,复合胁迫中Cd~(2+)-Cu~(2+)对沙蚕各指标的影响存在交互效应。沙蚕3种消化酶活性大小为淀粉酶蛋白酶脂肪酶。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)单一胁迫能激发沙蚕淀粉酶活性,激发作用强于复合胁迫。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)单一胁迫实验前期低浓度组蛋白酶被抑制,高浓度组被诱导,复合胁迫实验前期Cd~(2+)-Cu~(2+)对蛋白酶活性的影响存在协同作用。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)胁迫对沙蚕脂肪酶活性整体表现出抑制作用。Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)胁迫诱导沙蚕超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),整体上激活过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。Cd~(2+)单一胁迫实验组过氧化物酶(POD)均被显著诱导,具有"剂量-效应"关系,Cu~(2+)单一胁迫实验后期POD被显著诱导,复合胁迫实验中,低浓度Cu~(2+)组POD被显著诱导,高浓度Cu~(2+)组POD被显著抑制。实验组沙蚕谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GXH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均高于对照组,复合胁迫实验前期,GXH-Px活性与Cu~(2+)浓度呈正相关关系,与Cd~(2+)浓度呈负相关关系。显著的效应-剂量间相关关系存在于特定时间(3d、6d)的MDA含量,沙蚕MDA含量用作监测海洋重金属污染的生物标志物的可能性较大。 相似文献
13.
随着海上钻井数量的逐年增加、钻井液的使用量迅速增加，与之相关的环境危害引起了广泛关注，因此有必要筛选合适的毒性测试生物和开发环境友好的钻井液。本研究中，按照ISO11348-1（2007）、GB/T21805-2008和GB/T18420.2-2009的毒性测试方法，采用标准的海洋测试生物：发光细菌（Vibrio fischeri）、牟氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros muelleri）、诸氏鲻虾虎鱼（Mugilogobius chulae）、凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）、卤虫（Artemia）、蒙古裸腹溞（Moina mongolica），研究了钻井废液特征污染物（苯酚、七水硫酸锌、氯化汞）以及参比毒物十二烷基硫酸钠（Sodium dodecyl sulfate，SDS）的急性毒性效应。结果表明，钻井液特征污染物对6种海洋生物的急性毒性效应有所不同：Hg2+对海洋生物表现为极高毒性，Zn2+、SDS表现为中、高毒性，苯酚表现为中、低毒性；6种海洋生物对4种特征污染物的敏感性顺序为：蒙古裸腹溞 > 诸氏鲻虾虎鱼 > 卤虫 > 凡纳滨对虾 > 发光细菌 > 牟氏角毛藻；诸氏鲻虾虎鱼与卤虫、凡纳滨对虾种间毒性相关性显著，蒙古裸腹溞与发光细菌、凡纳滨对虾种间毒性相关性显著。上述研究结果为环保型海洋钻井液开发和钻井废液生物毒性评价中受试生物的选择提供了基础数据。 相似文献
14.
为研究青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)对重金属Cu~(2+)的蓄积作用及免疫机能的影响,开展了Cu~(2+)对青蛤的急性毒性实验,观察青蛤在96 h Cu~(2+)半致死浓度和安全浓度胁迫下,不同组织的蓄积趋势,及血淋巴液中SOD、CAT和ACP活性的变化。结果显示:Cu~(2+)的半致死浓度为0.807 mg/L,安全浓度为0.00807 mg/L。鳃和内脏团组织中蓄积的Cu~(2+)浓度与处理时间呈正相关;在半致死和安全浓度胁迫下,鳃组织中Cu~(2+)蓄积速度均快于内脏团;在半致死浓度胁迫下血淋巴液中SOD、CAT和ACP活性呈现先诱导再抑制的趋势,安全浓度下无明显变化,但均高于对照组水平。 相似文献
15.
采用毒理学实验方法,比较研究了Cd~(2+)和Hg~(2+)对四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis Reeve)急性毒性效应的差异,以期为进一步评价重金属离子对四角蛤蜊的毒性效应和作用机理等提供理论依据.死亡概率单位和实验液浓度对数的线性回归分析表明,Cd~(2+)对四角蛤蜊在24、48和96 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为15.961、5.149和2.383 mg/L,Hg~(2+)的LC_(50)分别为3.714、0.607和0.207 mg/L;Cd~(2+) 和Hg~(2+) 对四角蛤蜊的安全质量浓度分别为0.023 8 mg/L和0.002 1 mg/L,分别是我国渔业水质标准(GB11607-89)限定量的4.76倍和4.02倍. 相似文献
16.
Sub-Lethal Effects of Elevated Concentration of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on Planktonic Copepods and Sea Urchins 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Data concerning the effects of high CO2 concentrations on marine organisms are essential for both predicting future impacts of the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and assessing the effects of deep-sea CO2sequestration. Here we review our recent studies evaluating the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations in seawater on the mortality and egg production of the marine planktonic copepod, Acartia steueri, and on the fertilization rate and larval morphology of sea urchin embryos, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Echinometra mathaei. Under conditions of +10,000 ppm CO2 in seawater (pH 6.8), the egg production rates of copepods decreased significantly. The survival rates of adult copepods
were not affected when reared under increased CO2 for 8 days, however longer exposure times could have revealed toxic effects of elevated CO2 concentrations. The fertilization rate of sea urchin eggs of both species decreased with increasing CO2 concentration. Furthermore, the size of pluteus larvae decreased with increasing CO2 concentration and malformed skeletogenesis was observed in both larvae. This suggests that calcification is affected by elevated
CO2 in the seawater. From these results, we conclude that increased CO2 concentration in seawater will chronically affect several marine organisms and we discuss the effects of increased CO2 on the marine carbon cycle and marine ecosystem.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Laboratory adsorption experiments performed at environmentally significant lead (Pb) and cell concentrations indicate that the marine bacteria examined have significant binding capacities for Pb. However, the behavior governing Pb sorption onto gram-negative bacteria in seawater may be quite complex. The sorption kinetics appear to involve two distinct phases, i.e., a rapid removal of Pb from solution within the first few minutes, followed by a slow but nearly constant removal over many hours. Also, the average binding coefficient, calculated for Pb sorption onto bacteria and a measure of binding intensity, increases with decreasing sorption density (amounts of bacteria-associated Pb per unit bacterial surface) at low cell concentrations (105 cells ml−1), but decreases with decreasing sorption density at higher cell concentrations (107 cells ml−1). The latter effect is apparently due to the production of significant amounts of extra-cellular organics at high cell concentrations that compete directly with bacterial surfaces for available lead. Lead toxicity and active uptake by marine bacteria did not appear significant at the Pb concentrations used. 相似文献
18.
利用水生动物急性毒性实验方法,在6个浓度下Cd2+对青蛤的急性毒性进行测定,经回归分析后,得到Cd2+对青蛤96h半致死浓度为20.09mg/L,安全浓度为0.201mg/L。分别对半致死浓度和安全浓度下Cd2+在青蛤体内不同组织的蓄积情况进行了分析。结果表明,在半致死浓度条件下,168h青蛤各组织Cd2+的含量依次为肌肉内脏团鳃;而在安全浓度下,其结果为内脏团鳃肌肉,内脏团对于Cd2+富集能力远高于肌肉。讨论了青蛤的养殖环境及产品检验等问题。 相似文献
19.
Atsushi Ishimatsu Takashi Kikkawa Masahiro Hayashi Kyoung-Seon Lee Jun Kita 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(4):731-741
CO2-enriched seawater was far more toxic to eggs and larvae of a marine fish, silver seabream, Pagrus major, than HCl-acidified seawater when tested at the same seawater pH. Data on the effects of acidified seawater can therefore
not be used to estimate the toxicity of CO2, as has been done in earlier studies. Ontogenetic changes in CO2 tolerance of two marine bony fishes (Pag. major and Japanese sillago, Sillago japonica) showed a similar, characteristic pattern: the cleavage and juvenile stages were most susceptible, whereas the preflexion
and flexion stages were much more tolerant to CO2. Adult Japanese amberjack, Seriola quinqueradiata, and bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus, died within 8 and 48 h, respectively, during exposure to seawater equilibrated with 5% CO2. Only 20% of a cartilaginous fish, starspotted smooth-hound, Mustelus manazo, died at 7% CO2 within 72 h. Arterial pH initially decreased but completely recovered within 1-24 h for Ser. quinqueradiata and Par. olivaceus at 1 and 3% CO2, but the recovery was slower and complete only at 1% for M. manazo. During exposure to 5% CO2, Par. olivaceus died after arterial pH had been completely restored. Exposure to 5% CO2 rapidly depressed the cardiac output of Ser. quinqueradiata, while 1% CO2 had no effect. Both levels of ambient CO2 had no effect on blood O2 levels. We tentatively conclude that cardiac failure is important in the mechanisms by which CO2 kills fish. High CO2 levels near injection points during CO2 ocean sequestration are likely to have acute deleterious effects on both larvae and adults of marine fishes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
The acute toxicity of bromochlorinated estuarine water (ca. 20%) was determined for several estuarine organisms. The most sensitive species were oysters (Crassostrea virginica, larvae and juveniles) and copepods (Acartia tonsa) with 48-h LC50's of 0·10 to 0·21 mg BrCl/litre. Palaemonetes pugio was most tolerant with a 96-h LC50 of 0·70 mg BrCl/litre. The fish species tested (Menidia menidia, Brevoortia tyrannus and Leiostomus xanthurus) all had a 96-h LC50 of 0·21–0·23 mg BrCl/litre.The BrCl toxicity data are compared with Cl2 toxicity data for the same species. When the LC50's are expressed as equivalents per litre, BrCl is found to be two to four times less toxic than Cl2. The ranking of species in terms of sensitivity is the same for both disinfectants.Some data are provided concerning the decay rates of BrCl and Cl2 in estuarine water. BrCl was found to decay more rapidly than Cl2 at higher ammonia levels (0·25 mg NH4-N/litre). The question of chemical speciation is discussed with particular reference to the differential toxicities. 相似文献