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1.
基于东昆仑造山带祁漫塔格构造走廊域晚古生代—早中生代侵入岩类的野外地质学、岩石学、时空分布和同位素定年资料,可以识别出5个构造岩浆阶段和5个构造岩浆带。研究区的岩浆活动主要集中于早中二叠世阶段、晚二叠世晚期—中三叠世早期、中三叠世、晚三叠世和晚三叠世—早侏罗世。早中二叠世阶段的岩浆活动产物为花岗闪长岩+(斑状)二长花岗组合、石英闪长岩+斑状石英闪长岩组合及闪长岩+石英闪长岩组合,晚二叠世晚期—中三叠世早期(254.1～240.6Ma)为(斑状)二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩组合;中三叠世(安尼期晚期—拉丁初期)为闪长岩+石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+英云闪长岩组合;晚三叠世(212～225Ma)为石英二长闪长岩+花岗闪长岩+(斑状)二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩组合;晚三叠世—早侏罗世(瑞替—郝塘期)代表性的岩石组合为石英二长岩+(斑状)正长花岗岩+碱长花岗岩。这些火成岩组合有规律地分布在构造走廊域内,是揭示东昆仑造山带构造演化的关键所在。 相似文献
2.
《地质科技情报》2015,(2)
东昆仑沟里地区位于青藏高原北缘东昆仑造山带东段,区内发育花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、似斑状二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、花岗岩。花岗闪长岩样品中锆石呈半自形-自形柱状,震荡环带较发育,为岩浆成因锆石,样品的U-Pb加权平均年龄为(225±1.7)Ma,代表其岩浆侵位时代为晚三叠世。岩石地球化学特征显示该地区花岗岩具有高硅、富碱和低钛特征,为准铝质-过铝质岩石,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)及Rb、Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素,具有弱的Eu负异常,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。岩石地球化学、年代学研究以及区域构造演化表明,东昆仑沟里地区花岗岩形成在晚三叠世碰撞到后碰撞造山阶段,且该岩体的形成与布青山-阿尼玛卿洋俯冲作用有很大的关系。 相似文献
3.
内蒙古宝音图晚二叠世—晚三叠世花岗岩岩石化学特征及其构造环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宝音图花岗岩基位于华北地台北缘西段,针对其中牙马图岩体、罕乌拉岩体及布格道苏绍崩岩体等的岩石地球化学研究与年代学测定,结果表明岩体时代分别为261Ma±1.3 Ma,220.9 Ma±0.3 Ma和204.9 Ma±5.9 Ma,系晚二叠世—晚三叠世侵入岩体,其岩石类型主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩,其中晚二叠世花岗闪长岩Na2O/K2O平均值为2.06,A/CNK为0.96~1.15,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)平均值为1.9,总体属过铝质钙碱性岩;晚三叠世花岗岩Na2O/K2O平均值为0.82,A/CNK为0.92~1.16,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)为2.18,属过铝质钙碱性岩。岩石化学构造环境分析表明,晚二叠世—晚三叠世早期岩浆活动是俯冲造山过程中形成的具有岛弧性质的闪长岩类和花岗岩类,而晚三叠世晚期岩浆作用是与之有关的造山晚期陆缘花岗岩类。 相似文献
4.
东昆仑香日德地区晚三叠世花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石成因和构造意义 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
东昆仑地区广泛分布了大量花岗岩.已有的研究工作表明,东昆仑地区的花岗岩主要形成于晚二叠世-中三叠世和晚三叠世两个时期.本文提供了香日德地区二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb定年数据和全岩化学,稀土微量元素及Sr、Nd同位素地球化学研究资料,结合前人对该区不同时期花岗岩的研究成果,对香日德晚三叠世花岗岩的成因及其形成的动力学背景进行了讨论.研究表明东昆仑东段香日德地区的二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩分别形成于223.2±1.7Ma和220.6±1.5Ma,属晚三叠世花岗岩浆作用的产物.根据该花岗岩的主量元素(特别是A/CNK比值),岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:Rb、Th和K)和轻稀土(LREE),明显亏损高场强元素(HFSE:Nb、Ta、Ti和P),以及岩石具有相对高的Isr值(0.70820~0.71148)和相对低的εNd(t)值为-6.4~-3.6和较古老的模式年龄t2DM(1.5~1.7Ga)等地球化学特征,论证了该花岗岩的成因,指出香日德花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩的起源和成因与碰撞后的背景下岩石圈的拆沉诱发的古老地壳物质的部分熔融作用有关,晚三叠世花岗岩岩浆作用是对自晚海西期以来幔源玄武质岩浆长期的底侵作用及地壳不断加厚的一种响应.它进一步证明在东昆仑地区,阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋的俯冲作用一直持续到早三叠纪,至晚三叠世才全面转入陆内碰撞造山阶段.晚三叠世花岗岩与晚二叠世-中三叠世花岗岩在暗色包体含量、岩浆混合作用的特征等方面的差异,可以用幔源物质贡献量的差异以及花岗质岩浆作用所经历的MASH过程的不同来解释. 相似文献
5.
都兰热水地区位于东昆仑造山带东段,发育着大量花岗岩岩石组合,主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩,本文报道了对都兰热水地区二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩的地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年的研究结果,为建立完善的年代学格架和构造演化提供了新资料。锆石U-Pb同位素定年研究表明东昆仑东段都兰热水地区的二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩的结晶侵位时代分别是232.4±1.3 Ma、230.8±1.1 Ma,属中三叠世花岗岩浆作用的产物。岩矿特征和岩石地球化学特征显示二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩属高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,具较高的K_2O含量(2.2%～4.74%);铝饱和指数A/CNK值都小于1.1,显示准铝质特征;P_2O_5与SiO_2之间存在明显的负相关性,还表现出富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb、La),亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti、P)及Eu负异常特征。结合前人区域地质研究,我们认为东昆仑东段都兰热水地区花岗岩岩石组合是受幔源岩浆的底侵作用导致下地壳部分熔融而形成,幔源岩浆与壳源岩浆发生不同比例混合,并在岩浆演化过程中发生了一定的分离结晶作用。晚二叠世阿尼玛卿洋向东昆仑板块俯冲,直至中三叠世都兰热水地区仍处于洋壳俯冲而产生的火山弧环境,二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩就是这一阶段的典型产物。 相似文献
6.
东昆仑东段发育了一条晚二叠世-中三叠世以花岗质岩石为主的巨型弧岩浆岩。本文对东昆仑东段的中三叠世乌妥花岗岩体开展了岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学研究。结果表明,乌妥花岗岩体主要包括花岗闪长岩、斑状二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩三种岩石类型,对应的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为248Ma、247Ma和245Ma,形成时代为中三叠世。主量元素特征显示其具有高钾钙碱性、准铝质-弱过铝质的I型花岗岩的属性。球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图解具轻稀土明显富集、重稀土亏损和Eu弱负异常-强负异常特征。原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Th、Ba、U等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ti、Ta等)、而Zr和Hf无明显异常的特点。乌妥岩体总体具有负的Hf同位素组成特征,花岗闪长岩εHf(t)为-1. 5～+3. 4、斑状二长花岗岩εHf(t)为-4. 1～-0. 6、正长花岗岩εHf(t)为-6. 9～-0. 9。多种微量元素构造环境判别图解表明其形成于类似安第斯型陆缘弧的构造环境。岩石成因研究表明洋壳俯冲带上部壳幔接触过渡部位多次岩浆MASH过程及分离结晶作用是形成乌妥花岗岩体的重要方式。综合前人东昆仑地区有关三叠纪沉积地层及岩浆岩资料,认为布青山-阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋于晚二叠世向北俯冲于东昆仑地块之下,弧岩浆岩记录的布青山古特提斯洋盆向北俯冲过程一直持续到中三叠世晚期。晚三叠世,东昆仑南缘古特提斯洋盆关闭,东昆仑造山带转换为碰撞及后碰撞造山阶段,并形成了区域上具碰撞构造属性的侵入岩。 相似文献
7.
岫岩地区位于华北板块北缘,郯庐断裂带东侧,营口-宽甸台拱之凤城凸起上.区内结晶基底由太古宙变质深成岩及古元古代辽河群层状变质岩系组成.进入印支期,本区岩浆活动强烈,侵入岩发育.据其岩石类型、结构、构造、接触关系、岩浆演化等,将三叠纪侵入岩划分为早三叠世、中三叠世和晚三叠世,建立了岩石单位.其岩浆演化为基性→中性→酸性的演化过程.其中早三叠世侵入岩以中基性辉长岩、闪长岩类为主,并呈大小不等的捕虏体残存于晚期花岗岩中,中三叠世和晚三叠世侵入岩主要为酸性花岗岩类,并呈复式岩基产出. 相似文献
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内蒙古阿拉善地区沙拉扎山花岗岩体TIMS锆石U-Pb年龄 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
内蒙古阿拉善地区的沙拉扎山处于华北板块、塔里木板块和天山-兴蒙造山带接触部位,恩格尔乌苏蛇绿岩带与查干础鲁蛇绿岩带之间。沙拉扎山内出露一套巨大花岗质岩基,为了认识其岩浆活动期次,对沙拉扎山岩体不同部位花岗质岩石样品进行了TIMS锆石U-Pb测年。结果表明,沙拉套尔汗花岗闪长岩年龄为233.1±5.8Ma,乌力吉花岗岩2个样品年龄分别为228.1±0.4Ma和207.7±0.8Ma。对比分析前人对该区岩体年龄的研究成果,认为沙拉扎山出露的花岗岩由早二叠世晚期(273~274Ma)、早三叠世(248~252Ma)、晚三叠世早期(228~236Ma)和晚三叠世末期(207Ma)4期岩浆活动叠加而成,同时发育在沙拉扎山的4期岩浆活动在巴音—诺尔公地区也有相应的岩浆记录。 相似文献
9.
东昆仑哈日扎多金属矿区花岗斑岩与闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
哈日扎多金属矿区具有多期成矿作用,成矿母岩为闪长岩、花岗斑岩和花岗岩。通过对闪长岩和花岗斑岩进行LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得3个样品锆石年龄。样品TC22-3为闪长岩,年龄集中在413±5.4~433±5.5Ma之间,年龄加权平均值为424.7±4.8Ma;DK19-1为花岗斑岩,年龄集中在233±2.4~251±2.9Ma之间,年龄加权平均值为242.6±2.6Ma;DK23-1为花岗斑岩,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄集中在235±4.0~262±6.5Ma之间,年龄加权平均值为245.8±3.4Ma。样品DK23-1和DK19-1的锆石年龄代表印支期岩体年龄,与东昆仑地区印支期发生过较大规模岩浆活动事件相耦合,并且指示了哈日扎矿区主要的成矿年代;样品TC22-3形成时代为志留纪,记录了东昆仑早古生代的岩浆活动,也说明在志留纪该矿区已经发生了矿化现象。另外,东昆仑地区的晚志留世花岗岩可能与东昆仑早古生代洋盆闭合后的碰撞造山作用有关。 相似文献
10.
那陵郭勒河中游位于东昆仑西段祁漫塔格地区,分布着大量的花岗岩。对该地区晚三叠世侵入岩的研究有助于认识东昆仑造山带印支期构造-岩浆演化历史。对研究区内花岗岩进行了岩石学、年代学及岩石地球化学分析。分析结果表明,研究区花岗闪长岩和二长花岗斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为(225.7±1)Ma、(213.74±1)Ma,为晚三叠世岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,该地区晚三叠世侵入岩属高钾钙碱性系列,饱和铝指数显示为偏铝质到过铝质,富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,明显亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素。花岗岩具有I型花岗岩特征,具有板块俯冲阶段的特征。通过分析认为岩浆岩形成于板块碰撞前的火山弧环境中。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
19.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
20.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献