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1.
报道1998～1999年夏季在南极普里兹湾及其毗邻海域对细胞丰度、优势种类组成、生物量和初级生产力的粒级结构、新生产力及其环境制约机制的研究.结果表明,调查海区具有显著的空间区域化特征.普里兹湾及其毗邻陆架区浮游植物现存生物量和生产力均较高,大陆坡和深海区明显降低;营养盐浓度由于浮游植物的消耗则有相反的分布趋势.浮游植物生物量和生产力受水体的垂直稳定度、浮游动物摄食、水温和光照等环境条件的控制.粒度分级测定结果表明,对调查海区叶绿素a的贡献,小型浮游生物为52.2%,微型为29.4%,微微型为18.4%;对初级生产力的贡献,小型为52.4%,微型为28.7%,微微型为18.9%.研究海区的平均新生产力和f比分别为230.6mg/(m2·d)和0.43.  相似文献   

2.
2002年1～2月,在南极普里兹湾及其北部海区对浮游植物生物量、优势种类组成、细胞丰度、初级生产力和新生产力的观测结果表明,叶绿素a浓度、初级生产力和新生产力的高值均出现在湾内及湾口陆架区,并且远高于陆坡和深海区.湾内和湾口陆架区表层叶绿素a浓度均高于1 mg/m3,平均为(2.34±0.85)mg/m3,而陆坡区和深海区平均只有(0.19±0.14)和(0.15±0.05)mg/m3.湾内和陆架区平均初级生产力[(355.8±192.1)mg/(m2·d)]高于陆坡区[(82.0±20.8)mg/(m2·d)]和深海区[(100.5±83.4)mg/(m2·d)].在陆坡和深海区初级生产力的粒级结构以微微型浮游生物(<2 μm)对初级生产力的贡献最大(分别为49.6%和46.2%),湾内和陆架区则以小型浮游生物(为20～280 μm)的贡献为主(66.2%).在湾内和湾口陆架区同时具有较高的新生产力和再生生产力.  相似文献   

3.
东海春季真光层分级叶绿素α分布特点的初步研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
于 1994年春季调查中 ,对东海海区真光层中的叶绿素 a含量进行了分级 ( 2 0～ 2 0 0μm,2～ 2 0 μm,<2 μm)测定。结果表明 ,在组成上 ,整个调查海域中 ,微微型和毫微型浮游植物是初级生产者中的主要组成者 ,分别占总叶绿素 a含量的 4 7%和 33% ,网采浮游植物平均占 2 0 %。在分布上 ,岸边及内陆架区 ( 50 m等深线以内 )毫微型浮游植物是初级生产的主要承担者 ,内外陆架交界区网采浮游植物占主要部分 ,外陆架区和大洋区微微型浮游植物占绝对优势。  相似文献   

4.
INTRODUCTIONTheXiangshanBayisoneoftheimportantmarineaquaculturebasesinZhejiang.Since1982,themultiplicationreleasingexperimentsofPenaeusorzentalisKishinouyelarvalhavebeencarriedoutinthebay.Thestudyonthephytoplankton,chlaconcentrationandproductivityandthelifepatternofreleasedlarvaeprawnintheXiangshanBayisoneoftheimportanttasksoftheNationalKeyProject--AquaticExploitationTechniqueResearchinLakesandHarbors.TherearemanylargebaysandharborsalongChina'scoast,butonlyafewobservationshavebeend…  相似文献   

5.
To investigate the seasonal variation and community structure of nano- and microzooplankton in Gyeonggi Bay of the Yellow Sea, the abundance and carbon biomass of nano- and microzooplankton were evaluated at 10-day intervals from January 1997 to December 1999. Four major groups of nano- and microzooplankton communities were classified: heterotrophic ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HDF), heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), and copepod nauplii. The total carbon biomass of nano- and microzooplankton ranged from 10.2 to 168.8 μg C L−1 and was highest during or after phytoplankton blooms. Nano- and microzooplankton communities were composed of heterotrophic ciliates (7.4–81.4%; average 41.7% of total biomass), HDF (0.1–70.3%; average 26.1% of total biomass), copepod nauplii (1.6–70.6%; average 20.7% of total biomass), and HNF (0.8–59.5%; average 11.5% of total biomass). The relative contribution of individual components in the nano- and microzooplankton communities appeared to differ by seasons. Ciliates accounted for the most major component of nano- and microzooplankton communities, except during summer and phytoplankton blooming seasons, whereas HDF were more dominant during the phytoplankton blooming seasons. The abundance and biomass of nano- and microzooplankton generally followed the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton. The size and community distribution of nano- and microzooplankton was positively correlated with size-fractionated phytoplankton. The carbon requirement of microzooplankton ranged from 60 to 83% of daily primary production, and was relatively high when phytoplankton biomass was high. Therefore, our result suggests that the seasonal variation in the community and size composition of nano- and microzooplankton appears to be primarily governed by phytoplankton size and concentration as a food source, and their abundance may greatly affect trophic dynamics by controlling the seasonal abundance of phytoplankton.  相似文献   

6.
杭州湾——舟山渔场秋季浮游植物现存量和初级生产力   总被引：17，自引：5，他引：17  
1995年9月在杭州湾和长江口至舟山海区进行了浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的现场观测研究.结果表明,表层水浮游植物平均细胞丰度为(22.68±63.33)×104个/dm3;平均叶绿素a浓度为2.80±3.46μg/dm3,小于20μm的微型和微微型浮游生物细胞对叶绿素a的贡献占71%;平均初级生产力(C)为692.5±1192.4mg/(m2·d),小于20μm的微型和微微型浮游生物细胞对总生产力的贡献占68%.河口区悬浮物质浓度高,浮游植物光合作用受光的限制,各项生物参数与真光层深度紧密相关.生物锋区位于真光层深度10～20m、盐度26～32的长江冲淡水稀释区.同时探讨了浮游植物细胞活性(R)与光合作用同化数(AN)、叶绿素a与初级生产力、叶绿素a与海面光谱反射率的相互关系,为海洋水色遥感在初级生产力的应用研究提供科学依据  相似文献   

7.
The distributions of chlorophyll a concentration, primary production and new productionwere observed in the Laizhou Bay of the Bohai Sea in both spring and neap tides during July 1997. The results showed that there were marked features of spatial zonation in the surveyed area, due to the differences between the geographic environment and the hydrological conditions. Chlorophyll a, primary production and new production were all higher in spring tides than that in neap tides in the Laizhou Bay. The highest values of these parameters were encountered in the central regions of the bay. At most stations, chlorophyll a concentrations at the bottom were higher than that at the surface. The results of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primary production showed that contributions of nano-combining pi-coplankton ( > 20 μm) to total chlorophyll a and primary production were dominant in phytoplankton community biomass and production of the Laizhou Bay. The environmental factors, primary production and new product  相似文献   

8.
南大洋普里兹湾沉积物中生物硅含量与分布   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  
利用中国第18,21次南极考察获得的沉积物样品,对南大洋普里兹湾沉积物中生物硅(BSiO2)的含量以及分布特征进行了初步研究.结果表明:普里兹湾表层沉积物中生物硅含量丰富,生物硅含量在4.89%~85.41%之间变化,平均为30.90%.最高值出现在湾内的IV-10站.生物硅的垂向分布与间隙水中硅酸盐呈现相反的变化趋势.表层沉积物中生物硅和有机碳分布趋势与表层海水中叶绿素a、初级生产力的分布趋势密切相关,最大值均出现在普里兹湾环流中心区域,较好地反映了上层水体中初级生产力的变化状况.  相似文献   

9.
南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域水团研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
普里兹湾及其邻近海域是中国南大洋调查研究的传统优势海域与重点区域。围绕夏季表层水、冬季水、陆架水、绕极深层水、南极底层水、普里兹湾底层水、冰架水等研究海区主要水团的特征和分布,总结了前人在南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域基于调查资料开展的水团研究中所取得的成果。研究表明,前人在对陆架水的示性指标界定上,将陆架水是否区分为高盐陆架水和低盐陆架水存在较大争议,在高盐陆架水和普里兹湾底层水的定义上存在重叠;目前尚没有证据表明绕极深层水向南可以伸展到普里兹湾的陆架区域,也没有发现在普里兹湾附近海域生成南极底层水的直接证据。  相似文献   

10.
通过2012年夏季第五次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海及其邻近海域现场调查所获得的数据分析研究了海域的粒度分级叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的高值均出现在楚科奇海陆架区,并且远高于深海区。去程时调查海域水层平均叶绿素a浓度的变化范围为0.32~15.66mg/m3,平均(2.77±3.96)mg/m3,高值区出现在南部邻近白令海峡海域、北部阿拉斯加巴罗近岸和冰缘区;初级生产力的范围为50.11~943.28mg/(m2d),高值出现在冰缘水华区。返程时水层平均叶绿素a浓度的变化范围为0.07~1.52mg/m3,平均(0.41±0.40)mg/m3,高值仍出现在陆架区,但比去程时低了一个数量级;初级生产力的分布范围为12.31~41.35mg/(m2d),高值出现在陆架区。浮游植物粒度分级测定结果表明,在生物量较低的深海区,叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的粒级结构以微微型浮游生物(Pico级份)占优势(其贡献率分别为46.1%和56.9%),小型(Net级份)和微型(Nano级份)对总叶绿素a浓度的贡献差异极小,分别为26.6%和27.3%,对总初级生产力的贡献分别为23.8%和19.3%;而在生物量较高的水深小于200m的陆架区,Net级份叶绿素a浓度所占百分比最高,Pico级份次之,Nano级份最低,分别为59.8%、27.9%和12.3%,初级生产力的粒级结构中叶绿素a浓度所占百分比由高到低同样是Net、Pico和Nano,所占百分比分别为60.6%,32.2%和7.2%。  相似文献   

11.
依托中国第29次南极科学考察航次开展了南大洋普里兹湾及其邻近海域悬浮颗粒有机物碳同位素组成(δ13CPOC)的研究,结合温度、盐度、营养盐和溶解CO_2的数据,揭示了影响研究海域颗粒有机物碳同位素组成的主控因素,计算出混合层中浮游植物吸收无机碳过程的碳同位素分馏因子。结果表明,普里兹湾及其邻近海域的δ13CPOC介于-28.5‰~-21.1‰,平均值为-24.6‰,表现出湾内大于湾外的特征。浮游植物同化吸收CO_2过程的碳同位素分馏是影响研究海域混合层δ13 CPOC的主要因素,根据δ13CPOC和1/[CO_2(aq)]的线性拟合关系,计算出浮游植物同化吸收CO2过程的碳同位素分馏因子εp为23.4‰。δ13CPOC的垂直分布随深度增加而增大,反映出颗粒有机物垂向输送过程中颗粒有机物再矿化过程同位素分馏作用的影响。  相似文献   

12.
In order to investigate the parameters controlling the heterotrophic protists (nano-microzooplankton) on the continental shelf of the southern Bay of Biscay, plankton communities and their physico-chemical environment were studied 4 times in February, April, June and September–October 2004 at three stations in the euphotic zone in the Bay of Biscay. The abundance and carbon biomass of heterotrophic protists (ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates and nanoflagellates) as well as all the others groups of plankton (picoplankton, nanophytoplankton, diatoms, autotrophic dinoflagellates, metazoan microzooplankton and mesozooplankton), the environmental parameters and the primary and bacteria production were evaluated at each sampling period. Microzooplankton grazing experiments were undertaken at the same time. Ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates accounted for the main major component of nano- and microzooplankton communities in term of biomass. The total carbon biomass of heterotrophic protists was highest in spring and lowest at the end of summer. The development of heterotrophic protists started after a winter microphytoplankton bloom (principally large diatoms), the biomass was lower in June and was low in September (through inappropriate prey). The carbon requirement of microzooplankton ranged from 50 to more than 100% of daily primary, bacterial and nanoflagellate production. The heterotrophic protist community was predominantly constrained by bottom-up control in spring and at the end of summer via food availability and quality.  相似文献   

13.
1 Introduction Forthe lastm ore than 20 a,ow ing to the develop-m ent of observation and experim ent technologies form arine m icroorganism s,m arine biologistshave discov-ered m any m icroorganism s w hich are difficult to beobserved by com m on m icroscope before. T hus, thecognition to the m arine phytoplankton com m unitiesand the structure of food chains has achieved im por-tantprogress.E specially,w ith the developm entand ap-plication of epifluorescence m icroscopy and flow cy-tom etry…  相似文献   

14.
2009年2月(冬季)和8月(夏季)在南海北部海域(nSCS)采用流式细胞术对聚球藻、原绿球藻、超微型光合真核生物3类超微型光合浮游生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度和碳生物量的时空分布特征进行了研究,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,夏季聚球藻和原绿球藻的平均丰度高于冬季,超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌的丰度反之,为冬季高于夏季。聚球藻、超微型光合真核生物和异养浮游细菌在富营养的近岸陆架海域丰度较高,而原绿球藻高丰度则出现在陆坡开阔海域。在垂直分布上,聚球藻主要分布在跃层以上,跃层以下丰度迅速降低;原绿球藻高丰度主要出现在真光层底部;超微型光合真核生物在水层中的高值同样出现在真光层底部,且与Pico级份叶绿素a浓度分布一致;异养浮游细菌在水体中的分布与聚球藻类似。这些分布格局的差异,取决于环境条件的变化和4类超微型浮游生物生态生理适应性的差异。在超微型光合浮游生物群落中,各类群碳生物量的贡献因季节和海域类型的不同而发生变化:聚球藻在夏季近岸陆架区占超微型光合浮游生物总碳生物量的41%,原绿球藻在陆坡开阔海成为主要贡献者(50%),超微型光合真核生物碳生物量以冬季为高(在近岸陆架区占比68%)。冬、夏季异养浮游细菌碳生物量均高于超微型光合浮游生物碳生物量。  相似文献   

15.
During the 29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen (δ15NPN) and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton and particulate nitrogen (PN) remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas. To better constrain the nitrogen transformations, the physical and chemical parameters, including temperature, salinity, nutrients, PN and δ15NPN in seawater column were measured from surface to bottom. In addition, the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton in the mixed layer, and the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of PN remineralization below the mixed layer were estimated using Rayleigh model and Steady State model, respectively. Our results showed that suspended particles had its lowest δ15NPN in the surface layer, which was due to the preferential assimilation of 14N in nitrate by phytoplankton. The δ15NPN in the mixed layer of the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas decreased from the inner shelf to the outer basin, ascribing to the effect of isotope fractionation during phytoplankton assimilation. In mixed layer, the spatial distribution of δ15NPN associated with particulate organic matter (POM) production can be well interpreted according to Rayleigh model and Steady State model. The nitrogen isotope fractionation factor during phytoplankton assimilating nitrate was estimated as 10.0‰ by Steady State model, which was more reasonable than that calculated by Rayleigh model. These results validate the previous reports of fractionation factor during nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton. Increasing δ15NPN with depth below the euphotic zone correlated with the decreasing PN contents, and it was attributed to preferential remineralization of 14N in PN by bacteria. In subsurface and deep layer, the δ15NPN distributions also conformed to Rayleigh model and Steady State model during PN remineralization, with a fractionation factor of about 3.6‰ and 3.2‰, respectively. It is the first time to estimate the fractionation factor during POM production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas. Such fractionation may provide a useful tool for the follow-up study of the nitrogen dynamics in the Southern Ocean.  相似文献   

16.
2000年夏季南极普里兹湾及邻近海域浮游植物研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  
报道了2000年夏季(1月)在62°~69°S,70°30'~75°30'E的南极普里兹湾邻近海域浮游植物种类组成、丰度分布、叶绿素a浓度及其环境调控.结果表明,调查海区共有浮游植物4门33属65种、变种和变型.浮游植物平均细胞丰度为32.67×103个/dm3.浮游植物细胞丰度和叶绿素a浓度高值均出现在水体较稳定的近岸海湾和冰间湖及毗邻陆架,在大陆坡和深海区它们的值明显减小.浮游植物细胞丰度和叶绿素a浓度在0~50m水层最大,100m以下水层随深度的增加而减小.浮游植物丰度呈昼夜变化,在13:00丰度最高.浮游植物优势种为短菱形藻(Nitzschiacurta),占总丰度的24.8%.浮游植物种类组成和细胞丰度与浮冰和水团稳定性有关.经回归分析,浮游植物细胞丰度与水温、溶解氧成显著正相关,与无机磷(PO43--P)和无机氮(NO3--N)成显著负相关.  相似文献   

17.
海洋浮游生物氮吸收动力学及其粒级特征   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  
焦念志 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(2):191-198
于１９９１年秋－１９９２年夏在中国科学院生态网络站之一的胶州湾进行了４个季节的现场实验，运用＾１５Ｎ同位素示踪方法研究胶州湾浮游生物群落对两种主要源铵态氮和硝态氮的吸收动力学及其粒级特征。研究初步阐明自然浮游生物落在不同季节，对不同氮源的吸收特性和受控机制，首次在群落水平上给出不同粒级浮游生物氮吸收特征的定量描述，从而为新生产力研究，生态系能流分配和生源要素生物地化循环研究提供重要参数。  相似文献   

18.
Dual-beam flow cytometry was used to generate concentration and biomass size spectra (derived from light scatter signals) of bacteria and phytoplankton at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (USJGOFS) station in the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea. The size structure of the phytoplankon was characterized by an average slope of −1.8 for the normalized cell concentration spectrum. When bacteria were included, the average slope was −1.9, very close to the point at which there would be an equal amount of biomass in equal sized logarithmic classes (slope=−2.0). Nanoplankton were the major biomass fraction (about 55–85%) in the upper 100 m of the water column where total biomass levels are highest. At greater depths, where total biomass is lower, the relative proportion of picoplankton (especially bacteria) increases (to about 70–90%). Microplankton generally were less than 20% of the microbial community biomass.The size spectra indicate the importance of picophytoplankton at the chlorophyll maximum, consistent with the competitive advantage of small cells in light-limited conditions. Most of the seasonal variability in biomass occured in the nanoplankton fraction, whereas bacteria biomass remained relatively constant. In the spring, increases in the nano- and picoplankton were observed which could be attributed to small increases in nutrient concentrations in the surface layer. Late summer stratification and the subsequent depletion of nutrients from surface waters resulted in a decline in the nano/micro fraction and thus the mean cell size of phytoplankton. Overall, the bacterial contribution to total microbial biomass integrated over the euphotic zone was about 12%, a finding that is lower than that of most other studies. This can be attributed to methodological differences between flow cytometry and microscopy, as well as the choice of cell volume to biomass conversion factors.  相似文献   

19.
INTRODUCTIONDissolvedorganiccarbon (DOC)makesupthesecondlargestofthebioactivepoolsofcar bonintheocean ,secondtothelargestpoolofdissolvedinorganiccarbon .Theglobaldissolvedorganiccarbonpoolisestimatedtobe 6 85Gt,avaluecomparabletothemassofCO2 intheat mosphere (Hedges,1 992 ) .Thesizeofthereservoir,aswellasitsdynamics ,indicatesthatDOCplaysacentralroleintheoceancarboncycle .AsitrelatestogreenhousegasessuchasCO2 andassociatesclimatecycle ,oceanicDOCbiogeochemicalcycleshavebeenoneoftheh…  相似文献   

20.
During June 1997 cruise by R/V Science No.l, observations on temporal and spatialvariations of the size-fractionated phytoplankton standing stock and primary production were carried out in the Bohai Sea. The size-fractionated chlorophyll a (Chl a) and primary production, photosynthet-ically available radiation (PAR), as well as the related physico-oceanographic and zooplanktonic parameters were measured at five time-series observation stations representing sub-areas of the sea. Results obtained show that there were the marked features of spatial zonation of Chl a and primary production in the Bohai Sea. The values in the Laizhou Bay, the Liaodong Gulf and the Bohai Gulf were high and showed close relation with tidal fluctuations, i.e. high Chl a concentration occurred during high tide in the Laizhou Bay, and during low tide in the Liaodong Gulf and the Bohai Gulf. In the strait and the central region of the Bohai Sea, the values were relatively low and no relationship with tidal fluctuation could be foun  相似文献   

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