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1.
温度、盐度对半滑舌鳎胚胎发育的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
温度及盐度是鱼类苗种生产当中2个重要的因子。研究了在不同水温、盐度条件下,半滑舌鳎胚胎发育的情况。通过对孵化时间、孵化率、初孵仔鱼畸形率、活力的比较,发现温度对受精卵的孵化影响显著。受精卵在18℃以下及28℃以上均不能孵化出仔鱼,在18~28℃水温条件下,受精卵可以孵化,其适宜的孵化水温为22~23℃,且随着温度升高受精卵孵化时间逐渐缩短。在水温23℃下,受精卵在盐度16以下及48以上均不能孵化出仔鱼,在盐度18~46的范围内,受精卵均可以孵化出仔鱼,盐度38以上均为畸形,且孵化时间不受盐度的影响,其适宜孵化盐度为28~32。 相似文献
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为确定长牡蛎新品种"海大1号"苗种繁育的最适环境条件,研究了盐度对其胚胎发育的影响以及盐度、水温对其幼虫生长、存活率和附着率的影响。结果表明:长牡蛎"海大1号"受精卵孵化的最适盐度为30~35,孵化率最高可达90%。幼虫生长的适宜盐度为20~35,最适盐度为20~30;存活的适宜盐度为20~35,最适盐度为20~25;幼虫附着的适宜盐度为20~35,最适盐度为25~30;对长牡蛎"海大1号"幼虫生长、存活、附着的适宜水温分别为为20~30℃、20~25℃、20~30℃,最适水温分别为30、25、30℃,高温35℃时幼虫全部死亡。综上,长牡蛎"海大1号"苗种培育的适宜盐度为20~35,适宜水温为20~25℃。上述结果为长牡蛎"海大1号"规模化苗种繁育提供了重要的基础资料。 相似文献
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花尾胡椒鲷人工繁殖及育苗技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水网箱饲养的3龄花尾胡椒鲷，催产前2个月进行培育，用绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）和LRH－A3激素进行催产，混合或单一使用，剂量视亲鱼性腺的成熟度而定，受精卵在盐度为31，PH为80－8．4，水温20－23℃的海水中，经35－36h完成胚 发育，破膜卵孵出成仔鱼。室内水泥池，在盐度为25－26，PH为8．0－8．4，水温24－26℃的海水中，仔鱼经36d培育，态进行幼鱼期；室土肥有苗，在海水盐度为22－31．1，PH为8．0－8．4，水温19－24℃时，仔鱼经30d培育，完成变态进入幼鱼期。 相似文献
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军曹鱼生物学特性及苗种规模化繁育技术 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
简要介绍了军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)的形态、分布、食性、生殖、胚胎和仔稚鱼发育过程等生物学特性以及军曹鱼苗种繁育的技术工艺。选择2~3龄鱼作为亲鱼,在海区网箱中采用营养强化结合激素诱导的方法,使其在整个繁殖季节多次成熟产卵。在大亚湾地区其繁殖季节为4~10月,亲鱼繁殖的适宜水温为25~31℃、适宜盐度为30~34,大批量人工催产的受精率为30%~60%、孵化率为55%~82%。采用室外池塘进行种苗大规模培育,初孵仔鱼在水温26~32℃、盐度28~33条件下培育35~40 d,全长8~11 cm,达到商品苗规格。 相似文献
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中国蛤蜊繁殖生物学的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合土池育苗的试验,对中国蛤蜊的繁殖习性和胚胎发育过程进行了研究。中国蛤蜊在山东省海阳市丁字湾海区的繁殖期为6~8月,7月下旬至8月上旬为产卵盛期。鲜出肉率的变化与性腺发育具有明显的相关性,产卵前达到最大,为45.3%。水温在20℃以上时性腺发育速度明显加快,23~24℃肥满度最大。可用阴干、流水或降低盐度等方法诱导其排放精卵,也可进行解剖受精。中国蛤蜊雌雄异体,个别雌雄同体。胚胎发育可在盐度18~30,温度20~28℃条件下进行,超过30℃则引起幼虫大量死亡。 相似文献
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双斑东方鲀人工繁殖及育苗技术 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文报道了福建省水产研究所 2 0 0 1年双斑东方人工繁殖及育苗过程与结果 .在春季当海水水温达到 1 6℃以上时 ,用DOM、LRH A3或HCG进行催产 ,混和或单一使用 ,剂量视亲鱼性腺成熟度而定 .受精卵在水温 1 8.0～ 2 2 .4℃、盐度 2 2 .1～2 8.6条件下 ,经 1 1 7～ 1 56h孵化 .用 2 0 5万尾开口仔鱼培育出平均全长为 3 7mm ,平均体重为 1 .3 g的鱼苗 52 .3 5万尾 ,成活率 2 5.5%.此外 ,对亲鱼的暂养、催产、受精卵的孵化、仔鱼的前期培育和后期培育等关键环节进行了探讨 . 相似文献
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犬齿牙鲆胚胎及仔、稚、幼鱼形态发育观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
犬齿牙鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)卵为端黄卵,受精卵浮性,卵径950~1100μm,油球径200~225μm.在水温20.5~22.0℃,盐度33条件下培育,受精后1 h 20 min 进入卵裂期,6 h 10 min 进入囊胚期,11 h 20 min 进入原肠胚期,19 h 10 min 发育到胚孔封闭期,胚体形成,26 h 50 min 尾芽出现,33 h 35 min心跳开始,48 h 10 min 开始孵化出仔鱼.初孵仔鱼平均全长2.59 mm±0.02 mm,在培育水温为17.0~21.0℃,盐度24~34条件下,胚后发育时序为:1日龄~9日龄为仔鱼前期,10日龄平均全长5.52 mm±0.05 mm,卵黄囊和油球完全吸收进入仔鱼后期;40日龄平均全长20.82 mm±0.67 mm,各鳍鳍条发育形成进入稚鱼期;65日龄平均全长41.13 mm±0.88 mm,全身鳞被完整进入幼鱼早期 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):247-251
1999年5～6月对大西洋浪蛤进行人工繁殖试 验。结果表明,大西洋浪蛤一年能达到性成熟,一个繁殖季节产卵一次,卵为球形,卵径为 50～60μm;在23℃左右水温下,受精卵经16～20h发育成D形幼虫,幼虫浮游期为16～20d; 壳长260～290μm时为附着变态阶段。幼虫培育盐度要求在16以上。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献