共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
春季青藏高原地区大气热源的气候特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1948-2009年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料采用倒算法计算了青藏高原地区大气热量源汇的值,分析了春季青藏高原地区大气热源的水平和垂直气候分布特征及时空变化特征.结果表明:春季青藏高原上空,大气热量源汇的整层积分为正值,即高原上空大气为热源,但在高原上空大气高层存在局部为冷源的分布.与周边地区相比较,高原对其上空大气的加热作用在三月份最为显著.春季3、4、5月青藏高原区域大气的加热存在一个自西向东逐渐扩展的过程.春季青藏高原东部和西部为大气热源年变化较大的区域,且高原东部和西部大气热源表现出反位相分布的特征. 相似文献
2.
1999年梅雨锋系结构特征的模拟诊断 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过中尺度模式MM5对1999年江淮流域一次梅雨锋暴雨过程的数值模拟,利用高分辨率模拟资料,诊断了江淮地区梅雨锋系的双锋结构特征及相应的大气相当位温、位温和湿度(比湿)分布特征.结果表明,大气位温梯度和湿度梯度均对江淮梅雨锋系双锋结构中相应的两个相当位温梯度大值带的存在有着重要贡献,而湿度梯度的贡献更大.进而从理论上推导了大气湿度梯度倾向方程,指出大气湿度梯度的变化与平流效应、散度效应、水平或垂直涡管(次级环流)效应以及水汽源汇的梯度有关;利用中尺度模拟资料对湿度梯度倾向方程的经向分量进行了简单的方程诊断,模拟时段平均的诊断分析表明,大气经向湿度梯度绝对值的变化主要同散度效应、与水平涡管相关的次级环流效应以及水汽源汇效应相关.由于水汽源汇是由与水汽相关的相变过程造成,与云物理过程的发展和演变直接相关,因此,大气湿度梯度的演变与云物理过程,并进而与云或降水系统的分布、发展和演变相关.梅雨锋系的存在为其附近暴雨中尺度系统的发展提供了有利的环境条件,起到一定的组织或控制作用;反过来,暴雨系统的发展、降水云系的发展和演变,又通过改变大气温、湿状况,对梅雨锋系产生影响. 相似文献
3.
4.
源项对FLEXPART模式模拟福岛核事故放射性物质长距离传输的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对包括拉格朗日粒子模式在内的大气扩散模式,提供准确的源项有助于获取更好的模拟结果。以日本福岛核电站2011年3月发生的核泄漏事故为研究对象,采用日本原子能机构Terada源项以及挪威大气研究所Stohl源项,利用FLEXPART(FLEXible PARTicle dispersion mode)模拟了放射性物质137Cs在全球大气中扩散传输的过程,并利用大气辐射监测数据讨论了基于两种源项模拟烟云的时空分布特征,探讨了源项对模拟结果的不确定性影响。结果显示:Terada源项及Stohl源项之间释放总量、释放速率、释放高度等虽然略有差别,但总体趋势描述相似,使得基于两源项的模拟烟云的扩散过程及影响区域基本一致。两模拟烟云在中纬度西风带作用下,均表现为自西向东扩散,经过太平洋、美洲大陆、欧洲,最后在整个北半球传输。基于两源项在亚洲—太平洋及北美大陆等近距离的模拟烟云的首次到达时间与首次监测时间吻合度较好,在全球尺度上基于Stohl源项的模拟在首次到达时间方面表现更优。其次,基于两源项进行全球尺度的模拟,近距离站点的模拟效果优于远距离站点模拟效果,且基于Stohl源项的模拟精度较好,Terada源项可能存在低估。另外模式进行全球尺度的模拟时,针对不同粒子数目对模拟结果的影响进行了分析,发现粒子数目的多寡对模拟精度有所影响,也影响模拟烟云扩散后期的疏密程度。 相似文献
5.
6.
使用1998年美国NCAR再分析的逐日资料，研究了1998年夏季青藏高原大气低频振荡的源、汇特征。青藏高原对于纬向风的低频波来说，有时是低频振荡的源区，有时是汇区。通过计算低频涡度的通量散度，进一步研究了低频涡源、涡汇特征。青藏高原在不同时间和不同部位，低频涡源、涡汇具有不同的分布特征，传播特征也不尽相同，青藏高原上空100hPa低频涡源、涡汇受到了南亚高压的很大影响。 相似文献
7.
瓦里关温室气体本底研究的主要进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
由于温室气体浓度显著增长及其在气候与环境变化中的作用,国际上众多的科学计划和观测体系都把它们的时空分布、源汇及趋势列为重要内容,获得的各种资料在评价人类活动对气候和环境的影响及有关对策研究中起着关键作用。文章阐述了在中国内陆本底地区开展温室气体长期、定点观测的意义和必要性,系统地讨论了10多年来中国瓦里关本底站温室气体本底研究的主要进展。利用瓦里关经严格国际比对和质量控制的大气CO2、CH4长期观测资料,结合同期的地面风资料进行统计分析,建立了瓦里关大气CO2和CH4本底资料筛选方法;利用本底观测资料,研究了瓦里关大气CO2及其δ13C、CH4和CO本底变化及源汇特征所体现的亚洲内陆地域特点和全球代表性,并进一步与同期、同纬度海洋边界层参比值(MBL)以及北半球其他6个大气本底站同期观测数据对比分析,发现了瓦里关大气CH4和CO独特的季节变化并探讨了成因;根据空气团后向轨迹簇所途经的下垫面源汇同观测的大气CO2和CH4浓度变化之间的关系,探讨了瓦里关大气CO2和CH4的输送来源;利用Hysplit-4扩散与输送模式,计算了冬、夏典型月份人为源和自然生态系统源汇对瓦里关大气CO2浓度变化的贡献。并在现有基础上,提出了有待进一步解决的科学问题。 相似文献
8.
暴雨过程中积云对流反馈作用的诊断研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据各收支方程讨论，概述了各研究者采用直接和间接的方法，计算得出长江流域梅雨期暴雨过程中各源汇的空间分布特征。虽然个例，地区和资料不同，其结果各有差异，易比较，但次网格尺度运动对不尺度环境场的反馈作用均非常显著，因而在设计暴雨预报的数值模式时，参数化方案是必不可少的。 相似文献
9.
利用中尺度模式MM5分别模拟了中国北方地区两次不同类型的降雪过程:2001年12月7—8日的北京小雪和1999年11月23—24日的辽宁雨转雪过程。文中还从微物理角度研究了这两次降雪过程,分析不同天气条件下降雪的水成物相态及其源汇项分布特点,并初步探讨云物理过程对降水热力、动力过程的反馈作用。重点分析了云物理变量的模拟结果,计算时采用输出水成物源、汇项小时累计量的方法,讨论了最大降水时段内各源、汇项的分布特征,并通过敏感性试验,分析了水成物相变潜热作用和降水粒子的拖曳作用对云的反馈影响。结果表明,云中水成物相态分布与温度有密切关系,北京小雪过程为气、固两相粒子作用,辽宁雨转雪过程为气、液、固三相粒子相互作用;在最大降水时段内,雪的产生主要来自于水汽凝华增长和雪收集冰晶增长,过冷水对形成霰很关键,冰相粒子融化加强雨的形成;降雪过程对热力、动力过程具有一定的反馈影响,相变潜热对上升运动和降水有正反馈作用,降水粒子下落拖曳力对上升运动和降水有负反馈作用。辽宁降雪过程降水粒子丰富,云物理过程对降水热力动力过程的反馈作用比北京小雪要强一些。 相似文献
10.
大气中的二氧化碳含量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文综述自然界二氧化碳的循环;大气中二氧化碳的源和汇,大气中二氧化碳的空间分布和时间变化;讨论人类活动对大气中二氧化碳的影响,特别是大气中二氧化碳浓度的变化趋势及其预测问题. 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
16.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
17.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献
20.
《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,(6)
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献