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基于河南省2706个自动气象站降水观测资料及欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)、中国气象局的中尺度模式预报产品(CMA-MESO)和华东区域气象中心的中尺度模式预报产品(CMA-SH9),从不同量级降水的TS评分和BIAS评分、误差空间分布特征及典型区域预报偏差日变化特征等方面,检验评估了2023年5月25日至6月5日河南省麦收关键期连阴雨过程的数值模式小时降水预报效果。结果表明：ECMWF对Rh(小时降水量)≥0.1 mm/h的预报表现好,CMA-SH9对Rh≥2 mm/h和Rh≥5 mm/h的预报效果较优,CMA-MESO预报性能较差。对于Rh≥2 mm/h, CMA-SH9对上午和夜间的降水预报效果较优,ECMWF对中午到夜里的预报表现好。各模式都表现出在降水量大值区预报偏差大的特点。CMA-SH9对第一阶段的平均有效降水频次预报与实况最为接近,尤其在西部山区;ECMWF则对第二阶段的预报更贴合实况。尽管此次连阴雨过程中各模式小时降水量和小时降水强度的平均值偏差较大,但并没有表现出显著偏强或偏... 相似文献
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根据2021年四川省31次暴雨过程预报偏差检验,选取ECMWF预报雨带明显偏西、CMA-MESO预报较好的3次个例,基于目标对象检验法对强降水落区(≥25 mm)从位置偏差、面积偏差、雨带走向和降水强度4个方面对两模式的预报偏差特征和主要原因进行对比分析。结果表明：ECMWF模式降水落区预报较实况偏西偏北,且偏西偏差距离(59.06～123.67 km)显著大于偏北偏差距离(8.23～53.59 km),而CMA-MESO模式雨带走向和位置预报与实况更为接近。两模式降水面积预报均大于实况,ECMWF模式较实况偏大7.0%～34.3%,CMA-MESO模式偏大25.2%～45.9%。两模式降水量平均值预报与实况偏差幅度为-3.5%～20.0%,但降水量极值预报较实况偏差较大,偏差幅度为50.1%～196.9%。检验分析表明,出现在副热带高压边缘,受高原涡或西南涡影响的四川暴雨过程,在ECMWF模式预报强降水落区(≥25 mm)偏西的情况下,CMA-MESO模式可以提供订正参考。 相似文献
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以2020-2021年5-10月副高边缘型明显降水过程作为研究对象,针对黄淮地区太行山南麓、伏牛山东麓、东部平原3个典型区域,采用多种检验方法对CMA-MESO,CMA-SH9两模式降水日变化预报性能进行评估。结果表明:在山区,CMA-MESO预报有效降水时次占比与降水强度均偏小,CMA-SH9则相反,两模式分别在伏牛山东麓的04:00-10:00(北京时,下同)和太行山南麓的10:00-16:00预报有效降水时次占比偏小(大)更为显著;在平原,CMA-MESO对03:00-07:00和17:00-20:00有效降水时次占比显著低估,CMA-SH9对于17:00-20:00降水量的高估则主要来源于降水强度预报明显偏大。FSS(fractional skill score)评分结果显示:CMA-MESO对于伏牛山东麓15:00-17:00及21:00-22:00、东部平原02:00-04:00等时段10 mm·h^(-1)以上降水预报能力优于CMA-SH9,在太行山南麓17:00-23:00则相反。基于STFSS(spatial temporal fractional skill score)评分的评估表明:CMA-SH9对于太行山南麓前一日14:00-当日02:00的降水预报较实况显著偏晚,CMA-MESO对于伏牛山东麓02:00-08:00及平原地区08:00-14:00的降水预报均表现出较实况偏早的特征。 相似文献
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检验梅雨期降水的预报效果,对于提升梅雨期降水预报能力、减少梅雨期降水带来的人员伤亡和经济财产损失有着重要的意义。文章对安徽省2021年梅雨期（6月10日—7月10日）六个客观模式和一个主观订正预报产品进行了检验分析,其中包含了三个区域模式数值预报（中国气象局中尺度天气数值预报系统（简称CMA-MESO）、中国气象局上海数值预报模式系统（简称CMA-SH9）、安徽WRF）、三个全球模式数值预报（中国气象局全球同化预报系统（简称CMA-GFS）、欧洲中期天气预报中心确定性预报模式（简称ECMWF）、美国国家环境预报中心全球预报系统（简称NCEP-GFS））和安徽智能网格主观订正预报的降水产品,进行了检验分析,结果表明：传统检验中安徽智能网格和区域模式对晴雨准确率的预报效果优于全球模式,又以CMA-MESO最优;在暴雨及以上量级的强降水预报中,传统检验表明安徽智能网格预报的得分最高（23.83）,ECMWF模式则是客观模式预报中效果最好的（20.12）,CMA-SH9次之（19.34）;通过对除安徽智能网格以外的各个客观数值模式进行的MODE空间检验可知,不同数值模式间暴雨预报误差原因不尽相同,ECMWF与各区域数值模式主要是由雨区位置的预报偏差,尤其是纬度偏差导致的,NCEP-GFS全球模式对降水强度和雨区面积的预报偏弱偏小比较明显,CMA-GFS在强降水方面的预报可参考性较差;各个主客观预报暴雨及以上量级预报,整体表现出较明显的日变化特征,在午夜前后、上午时段TS评分较高,而午后到傍晚评分较低,这个现象或许是梅雨期的午后降水多以地表太阳加热引起的短历时热对流降水为主造成的。 相似文献
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为探讨ECMWF、华东区域中尺度模式(简称为CMA-SH9模式)多个时效对夏季(2019年6—8月)暴雨预报特征,采用目标对象检验方法对不同类型影响系统下模式预报的强降水落区面积、位置、形状等进行评价,并对预报难度较大的受西风槽和西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)边缘切变线影响的高空要素场及环流形势场进行了研究。结果表明:ECMWF和CMA-SH9模式对夏季暴雨预报偏小3个量级次数最多,CMA-SH9模式各时效对暴雨及以上降水预报的准确率大多高于ECMWF;ECMWF和CMA-SH9模式对热带气旋与中纬度系统相互作用的暴雨预报最好,其次是冷涡影响,预报较差的是受西风槽及副高边缘切变线影响的暴雨过程;西风槽及副高边缘切变线影响时ECMWF的位势高度场预报略好于CMA-SH9模式,温度的预报500 hPa以上CMA-SH9模式略好于ECMWF,500 hPa以下二者相差不大,相对湿度的预报CMA-SH9模式误差小于ECMWF,且CMA-SH9模式850 hPa的36 h和60 h时效预报误差最小;受西风槽及副高边缘切变线影响的一次暴雨过程中,相对湿度90%及以上落区的预报ECMWF与实况10 mm·h^(-1)降水落区几乎无交集,CMA-SH9模式的预报包含了10 mm降水落区。 相似文献
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检验梅雨期降水的预报效果,对于提升梅雨期降水预报能力、减少梅雨期降水带来的人员伤亡和经济财产损失有着重要的意义。文章对安徽省2021年梅雨期（6月10日—7月10日）六个客观模式和一个主观订正预报产品进行了检验分析,其中包含了三个区域模式数值预报（中国气象局中尺度天气数值预报系统（简称CMA-MESO）、中国气象局上海数值预报模式系统（简称CMA-SH9）、安徽WRF）、三个全球模式数值预报（中国气象局全球同化预报系统（简称CMA-GFS）、欧洲中期天气预报中心确定性预报模式（简称ECMWF）、美国国家环境预报中心全球预报系统（简称NCEP-GFS））和安徽智能网格主观订正预报的降水产品,进行了检验分析,结果表明：传统检验中安徽智能网格和区域模式对晴雨准确率的预报效果优于全球模式,又以CMA-MESO最优;在暴雨及以上量级的强降水预报中,传统检验表明安徽智能网格预报的得分最高（23.83）,ECMWF模式则是客观模式预报中效果最好的（20.12）,CMA-SH9次之（19.34）;通过对除安徽智能网格以外的各个客观数值模式进行的MODE空间检验可知,不同数值模式间暴雨预报误差原因不尽相同,ECMWF与各区域数值模式主要是由雨区位置的预报偏差,尤其是纬度偏差导致的,NCEP-GFS全球模式对降水强度和雨区面积的预报偏弱偏小比较明显,CMA-GFS在强降水方面的预报可参考性较差;各个主客观预报暴雨及以上量级预报,整体表现出较明显的日变化特征,在午夜前后、上午时段TS评分较高,而午后到傍晚评分较低,这个现象或许是梅雨期的午后降水多以地表太阳加热引起的短历时热对流降水为主造成的。 相似文献
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采用高分辨率的格点降水实况资料,对2019年5月1日—9月30日中国气象局广东快速更新同化数值预报系统(CMA-GD)、中国气象局上海数值预报模式系统(CMA-SH9)和欧洲中期天气预报中心全球模式(ECMWF)的降水预报产品作海南岛晴雨预报的检验评估,结果表明:(1) CMA-SH9具有较高的晴雨准确率及较小的雨区面积偏差。CMA-GD(ECMWF)评分偏低与较高漏(空)报比例有关,漏(空)报易出现在五指山以南和东部沿海一带。三个模式在海南岛东部沿海一带的晴雨准确率随预报时效减小而提高;(2) CMA-GD多漏报,CMA-SH9和ECMWF多空报。CMA-GD和CMA-SH9比ECMWF具有较快速的调整能力,预报时效缩短,雨区面积偏差减小,晴雨评分提高;(3) 降水面积百分比为0~20%、20%~40%、40%~60% 的局地降水事件中,CMAGD和CMA-SH9预报雨区面积偏大,预报时效增加,面积偏差由偏多转偏少;降水面积百分比为60%~80%、80%~100%的降水事件中,雨区面积随时效增加呈增加趋势。(4) CMA-GD对海南岛北部高频降水中心具有较强的预报能力,但易漏报南部高频降水中心。CMA-SH9在海南岛北部易出现高频降水面积偏大,质心偏东的误差,但对南部的高频降水预报能力优于CMA-GD。通过最优面积阈值择优方案迭代集成CMA-GD、CMASH9和ECMWF的降水预报,可有效提高海南岛高分辨率网格晴雨预报准确率。 相似文献
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利用ECMWF、NCEP全球预报产品和BJ-RUC区域预报产品,对比了不同模式对北京市"7·21"特大暴雨暖区降水、锋面降水的预报效果,同时利用WRF高分辨率中尺度模式同化常规观测资料和雷达资料,对此次过程进行数值模拟试验。结果表明:NCEP和ECMWF的全球集合预报产品都能预报出北京市"7·21"特大暴雨过程,但在暖区降水阶段和锋面降水阶段存在6 h左右的时间滞后,且降水量偏小;BJ-RUC区域模式预报出了整个强降水过程,且较好地预报了暖区降水,优于NCEP和ECMWF预报,但锋面降水较之实况锋面阶段降水偏南,预报的降水量小于实况。对于此次特大暴雨过程的模拟,暖区降水和锋面降水的预报要优于业务预报,且暖区降水接近实况降水,但整个锋面降水过程存在3 h的时间滞后。 相似文献
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为提高定量降水预报产品在攀西地区的预报能力,对2021年夏季格点预报（Grid Weather Forecasting,GWF）、西南区域模式（South West Center-WRF ADAS Real-time Modeling System,SWCWARMS）、欧洲中心中期预报 （European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting,ECMWF）及中国气象局中尺度模式（China Meteorological Administration Meso-Scale Model,CMA-MESO）降水预报情况进行了检验分析。结果表明:（1）ECMWF模式雨日空报最明显,但其暴雨量级预报较实况偏干,其余各家产品中各量级降水均以湿偏差为主。有雨日数在攀西地区南部预报效果较好,其余地方空报较大。大雨日数在凉山州中部预报偏差较大,攀西地区南部预报偏差较小。（2）从16次过程检验来看,各预报产品在8月份过程中的表现优于其余月份,GWF产品25 mm以上TS（Threat Score）评分高于20分的过程次数最多且预报效果最稳定,CMA-MESO模式空报最大。（3）各产品3 h累计强降水开始时间大多早于实况,SWCWARMS模式雨强偏大且对于持续时间较长的过程预报效果较好,而GWF、ECMWF模式累计雨量较实况偏小。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献