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为了探索和揭示2.5 MaBP前后东亚季风演变历史及植被演替对气候演化的响应,对南海南部大洋钻探ODP1143站(9°22'N、113°17'E)深海柱状样的上部135～95 m(3.0～2.0 MaBP)共146个孢粉样品进行了分析研究,时间分辨率为7 ka/样,孢粉谱显示沉积率变化显著,以2.6 MaBP为界可明显分为两个阶段,与前一阶段3.0～2.6 MaBP相比,2.6～2.0 MaBP时段各类型花粉及孢子沉积率均有显著提高.该结果表明2.6 MaBP南海海平面有显著下降,可与北半球冰盖形成、东亚季风增强相对应.2.6 MaBP以后,各类型孢粉沉积率高低变化揭示南海海平面有多次上升和下降,代表了多次冰期-间冰期旋回.该结果与深海氧同位素分期相对应.频谱分析表明3.0～2.0 MaBP存在0.1 Ma(偏心率)和46.9 ka(斜率)的周期. 相似文献
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山西榆社-太谷盆地上新世中晚期的植被与环境 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
山西中、东部的榆社、太谷盆地发育了良好的上新世河湖相地层，其丰富的植物、鱼类和哺乳类化石为我们提供了一个古植被和古环境研究的理想场所。根据榆社盆地磁笥年表以及化石组合特征，榆社、太谷盆地约为5．5MaBP以来的套沉积、榆社张村组与太谷小白组的沉积时代相当，大约形成于3．5－2．3MaBP。从大约4．4MaBP开始，较高含量的云杉、冷杉花粉显示研究区已有暗针叶林生长，从3．5MaBP开始，暗针叶林有了较大的发展，存在大面积的暗针叶林纯林。大致从上新世中期的4．4MaBP开始，气候已经开始变冷，并有较明显的干湿波动，蒿、藜为主的干草原大约从2．3MaBP开始繁盛，表明研究区转变为干冷气候。 相似文献
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为了探索和揭示2.5MaBP前后东亚季风演变历史及植被演替对气候演化的响应,对南海南部大洋钻探ODP1143站(9°22'N、113°17'E)深海柱状样的上部135～95m(3.0～2.0MaBP)共146个孢粉样品进行了分析研究,时间分辨率为7ka/样,孢粉谱显示沉积率变化显著,以2.6MaBP为界可明显分为两个阶段,与前一阶段3.0～2.6MaBP相比,2.6～2.0MaBP时段各类型花粉及孢子沉积率均有显著提高。该结果表明2.6MaBP南海海平面有显著下降,可与北半球冰盖形成、东亚季风增强相对应。2.6MaBP以后,各类型孢粉沉积率高低变化揭示南海海平面有多次上升和下降,代表了多次冰期-间冰期旋回。该结果与深海氧同位素分期相对应。频谱分析表明3.0～2.0MaBP存在0.1Ma(偏心率)和46.9ka(斜率)的周期。 相似文献
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东昆仑阿拉克湖盆地1.85～1.58 MaBP间植被演替及高原隆升启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
东昆仑阿拉克湖盆地1．85～1．58MaBP间植被演替顺序为灌木及草本植物为主的疏林草原型一乔木为主的林下草原型一针叶林森林型一阔叶林为主的林下草原型,反映了温凉为主的干湿交替一温和为主的干湿交替一寒冷略湿一温暖潮湿的气候湿度。孢粉植物群总体为以灌木及草本植物为主的疏林草原型,气候以温凉为主,其中1．63～1．62MaBP出现具亚寒带气候特征的针叶林植物群。与3．4Ma青藏运动前后的干旱、温暖的气候背景相比有明显差异,说明东昆仑地区经过青藏运动A、B幕后高原隆升已达到或超过水汽凝结高度。临夏盆地和阿拉克湖盆地在1．85～1．58MaBP间的植被类型和植被演替阶段非常相似,特别是1．60MaBP开始同时出现喜暖阔叶植物,说明当时两盆地应处于同一气候带上,两者海拔高程应相差不大。但现代临夏盆地海拔高度为2300m左右,阿拉克湖盆地海拔高度为4200m左右,两地的现代气候与植被类型有明显差异。说明1．58MaBP以后青藏高原东北部存在重大高原(差异)隆升事件,使两地的高程和气候差异加大。 相似文献
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潮汕平原全新世孢粉分析及古环境探讨 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文根据潮汕平原多个钻孔的孢粉分析结果,探讨了全新世以来的植被和气候演替以及沉积环境变迁。结论是:该区一万年来的气候波动小,地带性植被变化不大,海滩植被的消长则与沉积环境的改变密切相关。 相似文献
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气候转型与早期人类迁徙 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目前的旧石器考古证据表明，更新世早期可能发生了两次人类迁徙浪潮，时间分别在1.8-1.6MaBP和1.0MaBP左右，第一阶段，古人类演化为直立人并开始走出非洲、迁徙至其它中低纬度的热带－亚热带地区；第二阶段，直立人开始占据中高纬度的温带和干旱－半干旱地区。这两个阶段也是第四纪气候发生转型、环境产生重大调整的时期。二者在发生时间上的一致性揭示了它们之间的内在联系，推测气候转型时期环境转变是这两次人类迁徙浪潮的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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西藏扎布耶湖地区三万年以来的花粉记录 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对藏北高原扎布耶湖ＺＫ２钻孔沉积物的花粉记录，揭示了该地区三万年以来植被和气候演变历史。３７３００－３６０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为森林草原植被，气候温湿，淡水湖时期；约３６０００－３１７００ａＢ．Ｐ．灌丛草原植物，气候冷干，湖水出现短暂咸化，３１７００－２０８００ａＢ．Ｐ．森林草原植被，气候温暖湿润，湖面扩大，湖水加深时期，２０８００－１４４００ａＢ．Ｐ．荒漠植被，气候冷干，湖水咸化，湖面开始缩小，初 相似文献
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黄土高原西安地区全新世的植被与气候环境 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
对黄土高原中部南侧西安一带进行采样及孢粉分析,初步探讨和证实了一万年来西安地区植被的发育演替,详细地论证了该地区的古气候环境以及植被、气候和环境在时间上的演化规律和在空间上的差异,总结了早、中、晚全新世在该区发育的植被及其所代表的气候环境。根据西安蓝田、半坡两个剖面各17个样品的分析,将孢粉图式分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ带,分别代表全新世早、中、晚3个时期的孢粉带。蓝田剖面显示：Ⅰ带为蒿属优势带;Ⅱ带为栎-榛-榆增长带及蒿-环纹藻优势带→栎-鹅耳枥-菊增长带;Ⅲ带为松-菊-藜-中华卷柏增长带。研究认为：早全新世植被为疏林草原,气候较冷较干;中全新世植被为温带落叶阔叶林为主的森林草原并掺杂少量亚热带植物,气候温暖湿润;晚全新世植被为以松、篙为主的森林草原,气候转向温凉干旱。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献