共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
硫酸盐三氧同位素测试制样新技术——Ag2SO4热解法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
氧同位素能有效地示踪硫酸盐起源及其形成环境,随着硫酸盐中氧同位素质量不相关分馏现象的陆续发现,三氧同位素的研究已成为热点与前沿.笔者研究了硫酸盐三氧同位素(16O、17O、18O)测试制样的最新技术--Ag2SO4热解法.基本原理是:Ag2SO4在1050℃下热解为O2和SO2,其中O2产额可达(45±7)%,SO2产额接近100%,收集两种气体送作质谱分析可测得δ17O、δ18O和δ34S值.本方法的特殊要求是所有硫酸盐样品都必须转化为Ag2SO4,笔者详细介绍了水样、土样、石膏样品、BaSO4样品的处理方法与步骤.Ag2SO4热解法不再使用传统方法中的氟化试剂,安全可靠、价廉,顺应了环保意识和以人为本的原则.技术先进:适用性强,具有很大的推广应用价值. 相似文献
2.
3.
长江水中悬浮物含量与矿物和化学组成及其地质环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在2003～2007年间,在长江干流的25个水文站及主要支流的13个水文站系统采样,对悬浮物的含量及其矿物与化学组成系统地进行了测定。根据这些数据,对长江悬浮物的矿物和化学组成的时空变化及其地质与环境意义进行了系统研究。
本次所采样品中悬浮物含量平均值为256.5mg/L,在世界各大河中居于中等水平。悬浮物含量呈现大幅度的时空变化,与水流速度、径流量及泥沙供给情况的变化相对应,受河床坡度、降雨量、风化强度、侵蚀情况及人工活动等多种因素的影响。近年来,长江悬浮物含量逐渐下降,与上游的退耕还林和水库建设密切相关。特别是三峡水库工程引起泥沙在库区大量沉积,显著降低河水的悬浮物含量,导致其下游河段堤岸冲刷加剧,洞庭湖、鄱阳湖和长江口的沉积减少。这种变化带来的环境效应巨大,需要慎重评估和应对。
长江水中悬浮物主要由粘土矿物、碎屑硅酸盐矿物和碎屑碳硅酸盐矿物组成,并含有少量重矿物、氢氧化物和有机物。与黄河悬浮物矿物组成的对比研究表明长江流域的化学风化作用明显强于黄河流域,而物理侵蚀作用明显弱于黄河流域。由上游到下游,长江悬浮物中粘土和碎屑硅酸盐矿物逐渐增高,而碎屑碳硅酸盐逐步降低,与中下游地区气候变得湿热,化学风化变强的情况相对应。
与上地壳岩石平均值相比,长江悬浮物的SiO2、CaO、K2O 、Na2O含量较低,而TFe2O3含量较高,反映硅酸盐矿物化学风化过程中部分硅、钾、钠、钙的流失和铁的富集。与全球河流悬浮物和黄河悬浮物相比,长江悬浮物的SiO2、Na2O含量较低,反映长江流域的化学风化作用较强。与长江水系沉积物相比,长江悬浮物的SiO2、Na2O含量较低,而Al2O3、K2O 、MgO、TFe2O3较高,反映悬浮物比较富含粒度较小的粘土与铁质成分。从上游往下游,长江悬浮物中CaO、MgO含量逐渐降低,SiO2 含量逐步升高,与粘土矿物含量增高和碳酸盐含量降低的趋势相对应。
长江悬浮物中Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均高于上地壳岩石的平均含量,可能由这些元素在风化过程优先为粘土所吸附所引起。在攀枝花、宜宾、九江、大通、南京等站悬浮物中发现的铜、铅、锌的高含量,可能均与相关地段采矿活动有关。2005年7月在富顺和长沙发现Cd的高异常值引人注目。悬浮物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量较长江水系沉积物的平均含量高出数倍、乃至数十倍,可能反映近年来流域采矿活动加剧,其对流域环境的长远影响值得关注。
长江悬浮物的稀土总量与全球页岩的平均值相比略显偏高。长江悬浮物的REE分布形式于上地壳基本一致,表明长江流域出露的岩石的化学组成与上地壳岩石平均组成没有明显差别,而且岩石风化过程中稀土元素未出现明显分馏。 相似文献
4.
碳、氧、锶同位素在羌塘盆地龙尾错地区层序地层研究中的应用 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
结合野外露头层序地层研究,探讨了羌塘盆地龙尾错地区中上侏罗统地层层序地层划分及其C、O、Sr同位素响应.认为自中侏罗统布曲组(J2b)-上侏罗统雪山组一段(J3xs1)可划分出三个三级层序.其中布曲组-索瓦组二段下部,C、O、Sr同位素在同一层序内呈有规律变化:在TST体系域内δ13C、δ18O、87Sr/86Sr均值较高,在纵向变化曲线上表现为正偏,而在HST体系域内表现为相对的负偏.其纵向上的三次明显正偏与负偏可分别对应于三次海底的停滞与扩张.文章同时分析了个别异常样品的数据特征及其成因. 相似文献
5.
不同碳酸盐与磷酸反应的C、O同位素效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
不同阳离子碳酸盐与磷酸反应放出的CO2之间的氧分馏系数在20-90℃下与1/T2呈线性函数关系，而C同位素分馏则与温度无关。C、O同位素分馏程度与碳酸盐中的阳离子有关。利用不同阳离子碳酸盐与磷酸反应的速度不同，可以直接提取混合碳酸盐样品的CO2。 相似文献
6.
对不同离子交换柱、淋洗体积、盐度、分离次数等一系列影响铜、锌纯化分离效果的条件进行了探讨,确定了环境样品(湖泊沉积物、植物和颗粒物)中铜、锌同位素测定时化学分离的最佳条件。采用AGMP-1(100～200目)阴离子交换树脂,以7mol/LHCl+0.001%H2O2、2mol/LHCl+0.001%H2O2、0.5mol/LHNO3作为淋洗液,分别在适当的体积接收淋洗液,可以有效地分离沉积物、植物和悬浮物等样品中的铜和锌。化学分离过程中Cu和Zn的回收率接近100%,同位素分馏在测试误差范围以内。将此方法应用于对红枫湖和阿哈湖水体悬浮物、植物和鱼类等样品中Cu、Zn的分离,经MC-ICP-MS测试后,准确获得了这些样品的Cu、Zn同位素组成。 相似文献
7.
滇西金满铜矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及来源 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
滇西金满铜矿床是产于兰坪-思茅弧后盆地北缘的含银富铜脉状铜矿床。本文对该矿床的流体包裹体和稳定同位素进行系统的地球化学研究,揭示了在成矿期的充填交代阶段与沸腾喷发和沉积阶段,成矿温度分别为t1=140～280℃和t2=94～204℃,成矿压力为6×107～1．2×108Pa,成矿流体的盐度为5wt％～20．8wt％（NaCl）。硫化物的δ34S（CDT）分布范围为-9．6‰～＋11．03‰,极差为22.66‰,在δ34S直方围中具明显的塔式分布特征,各硫化物δ34S值符合同位素平衡分馆特征（即δ34SPy＞δ34SCp＞δ34SBn）。矿石样品中的TS／TOC=0．16～5．54,数值变化大,无线性关系。用大本（Ohmotot）模式,计算得出成矿两阶段,成矿溶液中含硫原子团的氧化还原比R'1-2.16×10－17,R’2=1.55×104。方解石与石英包裹体中δ13CC02（PDB）为-8.12‰--3.18‰,均值为-5.26‰,与慢源CO2组成相一致。石英包裹体中δ13CCH4（PDB）为-32.11‰~－22.24‰,均值为-26.69‰,与现代地热气甲烷的碳同位素相近。成矿溶液的δ18OH2O)（SMOW）为-1057‰～＋9.77‰,δDH2O（SMOW）为-51‰~－135‰,投点范围大。在考虑水-岩相互作用过程中的同位素交换反应效应,成矿溶液的投影点大多落在大气降水与碎屑岩反应线上或其间,少数点落于岩浆 相似文献
8.
9.
岗察岩体位于秦岭、祁连、昆仑和松潘—甘孜造山带交会部位,属西秦岭成矿区,为秦岭造山带的重要组成部分。运用H、O、S同位素示踪手段对岗察岩体内江里沟、双朋西、谢坑3个矿床的成矿流体进行研究。结果表明,上述3个矿区样品的δ18O（H2O）大部分落在岩浆水范围,因此O同位素具有岩浆水特征,推测3个矿区的流体均来自发生过脱气作用的岩浆,但成矿作用发生在浅部。研究区δ34S值集中在-3.8‰～0.9‰之间,与多数岩浆岩δ34S值的范围-5‰～5‰相近,说明3个矿床的硫均为岩浆来源,即成矿物质主要来源于岩浆。总体δ34S江里沟＞δ34S双朋西＞δ34S谢坑,这种差异可能与岗察岩体岩浆演化有关。3个矿床的δ34S平均值均接近正常地幔硫的范围-1‰～1‰,暗示硫源可能有深源岩浆的参与。 相似文献
10.
黄河源区阿尼玛卿山耶和龙冰川表层雪化学组成 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2005年9月底, 在黄河源区阿尼玛卿山耶和龙冰川随海拔变化采集89个雪样, 分析了微粒和主要可溶无机离子(Na , K , Mg2 , Ca2 , NH 4, Cl-, NO-3, SO2-4)浓度以及δ18 O, 研究了各种物理化学指标在冰川中的时空分布特征. 结果表明: 大多数样品中主要阴、 阳离子当量摩尔浓度顺序为: NO-3>SO2-4>Cl-;Ca2 >NH 4>Na >Mg2 >K , 碳酸盐类物质是化学离子主要来源. 各种主要可溶离子有着明显的季节变化过程. 但由于融化再凝结过程, 不是所有离子在污化层浓度最大. 在所采样区域的表层雪中化学离子没有明显变化趋势, 指示局地物质的输入有限. 受降水量效应影响, 暖季δ18 O值低, 冷季高. 样品中, 9种离子被分为: 1)Ca2 , Mg2 和HCO-3～CO2-3;2)NH 4, SO2-4和Cl-;3)NO-3;4)Na , K 四个群组. 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
13.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
17.
18.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
20.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献